Indoor particle counts during Asian dust events under everyday conditions at an apartment in Japan

Objective

Asian dust storms originating from arid regions of Mongolia and China are a well-known springtime phenomenon throughout East Asia. Evidence is increasing for the adverse health effects caused by airborne desert dust inhalation. Given that people spend approximately 90 % of their time indoors, indoor air quality is a significant concern. The present study aimed to examine the influence of outdoor particulate matter (PM) levels on indoor PM levels during Asian dust events under everyday conditions.

Methods

We simultaneously monitored counts of particles larger than 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 μm using two direct-reading instruments (KC-01D1 airborne particle counter; Rion), one placed in an apartment room and another on the veranda, under everyday conditions before and during an Asian dust event. We also examined how indoor particle counts were affected by opening a window, crawling, and air purifier use.

Results

An Asian dust event on 24 April 2012 caused 50- and 20-fold increases in PM counts in outdoor and indoor air, respectively. A window open for 10 min resulted in a rapid increase of indoor PM counts up to 70 % of outside levels that did not return to baseline levels after 3 h. An air purifier rapidly reduced PM counts for all particle sizes measured.

Conclusions

It is important to account for occupant behavior, such as window-opening and air purifier use, when estimating residential exposure to particulate matter.     

2012年北京市丰台区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查

目的调查分析2012年北京市丰台区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况,探讨其影响因素并为卫生管理提供技术支持。方法依据《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》,检测集中空调送风中细菌总数、真菌、β-溶血性链球菌及PM10,风管内表面细菌总数、真菌总数、积尘量,冷却（凝）水中嗜肺军团菌。结果丰台区集中空调通风系统送风中细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌、PM10合格率分别为61.42%、88.89%、100.00%、90.91%,风管内表面积尘量、细菌总数、真菌总数合格率分别为100.00%、100.00%、99.20%,冷却（凝）水中嗜肺军团菌合格率为98.20%,血清分型以LP1型为主。集中空调送风中细菌总数存在着明显的季节性差异（χ^2=12.338,P〈0.01）,而送风中真菌、PM10未见明显的季节性差异（χ^2=3.155,P〉0.05;χ^2=6.976,P〉0.05）。不同类型集中空调送风中细菌总数、真菌未见明显差异（χ^2=5.782,P〉0.05;χ^2=2.653,P〉0.05）。结论细菌总数、真菌总数、PM10是丰台区集中空调送风卫生质量的主要影响因素,应加强集中空调管理,定期清洗消毒,并主动开展卫生委托监测。     

应用Kessler10量表对白领心理健康状况的调查研究

目的利用Kessler10量表调查了解白领心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法对2009年15月在福田区第二人民医院体检门诊进行健康体检的白领人员利用自制调查问卷和凯斯勒量表（Kesslerl0,K10）对其心理健康状况进行访谈式调查,采用SPSS16．0软件进行统计分析。结果共调查白领人员共278人,其K10分值总体分布为（14．88±5．47）,67．6％的白领心理健康状况相对较好（Kesslsler10量表评分在10～15分）;文化程度低和高两端、有健康问题或症状、自觉健康状况较差、自觉有心理问题、有自杀念头、缺乏体育锻炼、睡眠不足、无业余爱好、遭遇重大挫折、有心理疾病家族史的白领K10得分较高。结论白领的心理健康状况受文化程度、健康状况、生活行为方式等因素的影响。