实质器官移植术后血浆IL-18、IL-10、IL-4检测在人巨细胞病毒感染中的意义

目的 探讨实质器官移植术后血浆中白介素18（IL－18）、白介素10（IL－10）、白介素4（IL－4）水平的检测在人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）感染中的意义。方法 对24例实质器官移植受者，用免疫组化法监测HCMV抗原血症。然后采用ELISA法测定血浆中IL－18、IL－10及IL－4的水平。结果 HCMV抗原阳性组IL－18的水平高于阴性组（P＜0.01），IL－10及IL－4的水平低于阴性组（均P＜0.05）。结论 血浆IL－18的水平可作为预测移植患者HCMV感染的一个有效指标，IL－10及IL－4的水平则可作为患者HCMV感染后体内免疫抑制程度的监测指标之一。     

Soluble CD14 but not interleukin-6 is a new marker for clinical activity in atopic dermatitis

Summary Levels of soluble IL-2 receptors, IL-6, soluble CD23, soluble CD14 and ECP (eosinophilic cationic protein) were measured as markers of T-cell, B-cell, monocyte and eosinophilic leucocyte activation in 26 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) on admission to (A) and at discharge from (D) the Department of Dermatology in Zurich. The serum levels of sIL-2R, IL-6, sCD23, sCD14 and ECP were significantly elevated in AD patients in comparison with the normal values of healthy donors. A significant decrease in sIL-2R (p=0.0093) and in sCD14 (p=0.0134) levels was demonstrated between A and D, correlating with the improvement in the skin intensity score (SIS). In addition, a significant correlation of the sCD14 levels and the SIS at A was demonstrated (p=0.0415). These results also incriminate monocytes in the pathogenesis of AD, indicating that, besides sIL-2R and ECP, SCD14 could also be a possible marker for the disease activity.     

硬膜外腔阻滞对胸部手术应激反应的影响

目的 观察硬膜外腔阻滞对胸部手术应激激素和细胞因子的影响。方法20例食管癌手术病人,随机分为两组,每组10例,即全麻复令硬膜外腔阻滞(GEA)组和全麻(GA)组,分别测定麻醉诱导前、手术2h、手术4h、术毕、术后1d及术后3d的血浆去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素、血清促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质醇、C-反应蛋白、IL-6及IL-10的水平。结果 血浆去甲肾上腺素和血清皮质醇GEA组术中术后无显著改变,但GA组术毕和术后1d显著升高(P<0.05),术后3d恢复至术前水平,组间比较前者有显著差异(P<0.05)。两组血浆肾上腺素、IL-10术中术后均无显著变化。两组血清ACTH、IL-6及CRP术中术后均显著升高(P<0.05),组间比较无显著差异。结论 硬膜外腔阻滞可以减轻胸部手术的应激反应。IL-6是较CRP更灵敏的反映组织损伤的炎性指标。     

病毒白细胞介素-10转基因在造血干细胞中的表达

目的　观察逆转录病毒转病毒白细胞介素 10 (vIL 10 )基因在体内的表达。方法　用MSCVneo vIL 10重组体在体外转导CBA (H 2 K)小鼠的造血干细胞 (HSCs) ,给经致死照射(90 0rads)的 2 0只同基因CBA(H 2 K)小鼠注入经MSCVneo vIL 10转染的HSCs ,2× 10 6HSCs/只。酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA)、逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR )、Westernblot分析vIL 10的表达。结果　移植MSCVneo vIL 10转染HSCs的 2 0只小鼠 ,移植后 8周用ELISA检测 ,其中 15只小鼠血清的vIL 10浓度为 :2 70～ 13 40ng/L ,5只小鼠血清的vIL 10为阴性。 12周后有 2只小鼠vIL 10测不出 ,13只小鼠长时间表达vIL 10达 6个月。对照组小鼠血清vIL 10均为阴性。RT PCR和Westernblot证实小鼠的器官均有vIL 10的mRNA和蛋白的表达。结论　逆转录病毒能有效地将vIL 10基因导入造血干细胞并在体内长时间表达。     

Reduced 293T cell susceptibility to acrolein due to aldose reductase-like-1 protein expression.

Acrolein is a highly reactive alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde produced endogenously during lipid peroxidation and naturally distributed pervasively in living environments, posing serious threats to human health if not properly metabolized. In this study, we report aldose reductase-like-1 (ARL-1) as a novel enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of acrolein and protects cells from their toxicity. Using purified ARL-1 protein, we determined its enzymatic activity in response to acrolein and defined its steady-state kinetics with K(m) and V(max) at 0.110 +/- 0.012 mM and 3122.0 +/- 64.7 nmol/mg protein/min, respectively. By introducing a functional Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP)/ARL-1 fusion protein into 293T cells, we demonstrated that plating efficiency in liquid culture and focus formation in soft agar increased by more than 60% (p < 0.05), compared to the vector control cells. More significantly, at a low dose of 5 microM acrolein, EGFP/ARL-1 expression enhanced both plating efficiency and focus formation by more than threefold, and the foci (in soft agar) of 293T cells expressing EGFP/ARL-1 were significantly larger than those of the vector control cells. At high concentrations of acrolein (25 and 50 microM), EGFP/ARL-1 protein prevented oncotic death of 293T cells induced by acrolein. In summary, our data demonstrated for the first time that the ARL-1 protein protects 293T cells from acrolein toxicity. Due to the high toxicity and wide distribution of acrolein, this finding is important to the understanding of its detoxification mechanisms.     

晕厥的ICD-10编码

目的对临床12种昏厥进行ICD-10编码.方法根据临床12种昏厥的不同病因病理、临床表现,结合ICD-10编码规则对其进行ICD-10编码.结果根据临床分类,昏厥可分为12种及其对应编码.结论对于不能直接从ICD-10(三卷)中找到的昏厥编码,需根据其病因病理、临床表现变换主导词,在ICD-10中找到对应的编码.     

Effects of dextropropoxyphene on the steady-state kinetics of oxcarbazepine and its metabolites

The effects of dextropropoxyphene on the steady-state kinetics of oxcarbazepine and its metabolites were investigated in eight patients with epilepsy or trigeminal neuralgia. One patient dropped out of the study, presumably due to side-effects of dextropropoxyphene. Dextropropoxyphene did not affect the plasma levels of the principal active metabolite, 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy-carbamazepine. Since dextropropoxyphene is known to increase the plasma levels of carbamazepine, leading to toxicity, the findings of this study suggest that oxcarbazepine is a useful alternative to carbamazepine when concomitant dextropropoxyphene therapy is required.     

Characterization of T cell epitopes in αs1-casein in cow''s milk allergic, atopic and non-atopic children

BACKGROUND: One to two percent of infants suffer from IgE-mediated allergic reactions against cow's milk proteins. Most children develop clinical tolerance, but approximately 15% are still allergic by the age of 10 years. Little is known about the T cell epitopes in individual cow's milk protein in relation to allergy and tolerance. OBJECTIVE: To identify T cell epitopes in alphas1-casein, the most abundant milk protein, and to investigate T cell responses toward these epitopes in allergic, atopic and non-atopic children. METHODS: Allergen-specific T cell lines (TCLs) were derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 11 cow's milk allergic, nine atopic and nine non-atopic children. T cell responses were measured to alphas1-casein and to overlapping peptides (18-mers), spanning the alphas1-casein molecule. Proliferation was determined by incorporation of (3)H-thymidine, and cytokine production (IL-10, IL-13 and IFN-gamma) was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Four main regions (amino acid (AA) residues 43-66, 73-96, 91-114 and 127-180) in the alphas1-casein molecule were immunogenic to T cells, among which the AA residues 133-156 spanned the immunodominant part. Only subtle differences were found in peptide recognition between the subject groups. Some of the peptides induced slightly Th1- or Th2-skewed cytokine responses. The increased levels of IL-10 in response to alphas1-casein observed in TCLs from atopic children appeared not to be linked to recognition of specific IL-10-inducing epitopes. CONCLUSIONS: The immunodominant sequence in alphas1-casein is spanned by AA residues 133-156. Tolerance towards alphas1-casein in atopic children may be mediated by an overall induction of IL-10 and not by recognition of certain T cell epitopes. The identified T cell epitopes in children with cow's milk allergy may be useful targets in developing peptide immunotherapy.