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41.
Cross education of muscular strength during unilateral resistance training and detraining 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Shima N Ishida K Katayama K Morotome Y Sato Y Miyamura M 《European journal of applied physiology》2002,86(4):287-294
Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to examine the changes in maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) in the contralateral
untrained limb during unilateral resistance training and detraining, and to examine the factors inducing these changes by
means of electrophysiological techniques. Nine healthy males trained their plantar flexor muscles unilaterally 4 days·week–1 for 6 weeks using 3 sets of 10–12 repetitions at 70–75% of one-repetition maximum a day, and detrained for 6 weeks. Progressive
unilateral resistance training significantly (P<0.05) increased MVC, integrated electromyogram (iEMG), and voluntary activation in the trained and contralateral untrained
limbs. The changes in MVC after training were significantly correlated with the changes in iEMG in both limbs. No significant
changes occurred in MVC, voluntary activation, and iEMG in the contralateral limb after detraining. The changes in MVC after
detraining did not correlate with the changes in voluntary activation or iEMG in either limb. Training and detraining did
not alter twitch and tetanic peak torques in either limb. These results suggest that the mechanisms underlying cross education
of muscular strength may be explained by central neural factors during training, but not solely so during detraining.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
42.
43.
Muscle strength, volume and activation following 12-month resistance training in 70-year-old males 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
Morse CI Thom JM Mian OS Muirhead A Birch KM Narici MV 《European journal of applied physiology》2005,95(2-3):197-204
In elderly males muscle plantar flexor maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque normalised to muscle volume (MVC/VOL) is reduced compared to young males as a result of incomplete muscle activation in the elderly. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of a 12-month resistance training programme on muscle volume, strength, MVC/VOL, agonist activation and antagonist coactivation of the plantarfexors in elderly males. Thirteen elderly males aged 70 years and over (range 70–82 years), completed a 12-month whole body resistance-training programme (TRN), training three times a week. Another eight males (range 18–30 years), who maintained their habitual physical activity for the same 12-month period as the TRN group acted as controls (CTRL). Isometric plantarflexor maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque increased in the TRN group by 20% (P<0.01), from 113.1±22.0 Nm to 141.5±19.2 Nm. Triceps surae volume (TS VOL) assessed using MRI, increased by 12%, from 796.3±78.9 cm3 to 916.8±144.4 cm3 . PF activation, measured using supramaximal double twitch interpolation, increased from 83.6±11.0% pre training, to 92.1±7.6% post training (P<0.05). Dorsiflexion MVC and antagonist coactivation (assessed using surface electromyography) did not change with training. Plantarflexor MVC torque normalized for triceps surae muscle volume (MVC/VOL) was 142.6±32.4 kN m–2 before training and 157.0± 27.9 kN m–2 after training (a non-significant increase of 8%). No significant change in any measurement was observed in the CTRL group. This study has shown that the gain in muscle strength in response to long-term (12-month) training in older men is mostly accounted for by an increased muscle volume and activation. 相似文献
44.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of skeletal muscle adaptations resulting from high-intensity,
upper and lower body dynamic resistance training (WT). A group of 17 men and 20 women were recruited for WT, and 6 men and
7 women served as a control group. The WT group performed six dynamic resistance exercises to fatigue using 8–12 repetition
maximum (RM). The subjects trained 3 days a week for 12 weeks. One-RM knee extension (KE) and chest press (CP) exercises were
measured at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 for the WT group. Muscle thickness (MTH) was measured by ultrasound at
eight anatomical sites. One-RM CP and KE strength had increased significantly at week 4 for the female WT group. For the men
in the WT group, 1 RM had increased significantly at week 2 for KE and at week 6 for CP. The mean relative increases in KE
and CP strength were 19% and 19% for the men and 19% and 27% for the women, respectively, after 12 weeks of WT. Resistance
training elicited a significant increase in MTH of the chest and triceps muscles at week 6 in both sexes. There were non-significant
trends for increases in quadriceps MTH for the WT groups. The relative increases in upper and lower body MTH were 12%–21%
and 7%–9% in the men and 10%–31% and 7%–8% in the women respectively, after 12 weeks of WT. These results would suggest that
increases in MTH in the upper body are greater and occur earlier compared to the lower extremity, during the first 12 weeks
of a total body WT programme. The time-course and proportions of the increase in strength and MTH were similar for both the
men and the women.
Accepted: 6 September 1999 相似文献
45.
ACE Genotype May Have an Effect on Single versus Multiple Set Preferences in Strength Training 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Colakoglu M Cam FS Kayitken B Cetinoz F Colakoglu S Turkmen M Sayin M 《European journal of applied physiology》2005,95(1):20-26
A polymorphic variant of the human angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene was identified. The 'D' (rather than 'I') variant was associated with improvements in strength related to physical training. We set out to determine whether the response to different patterns of strength training might also differ. Ninty-nine Caucasian male non-elite athletes were randomly allocated into one of three groups: 31 non-training/control (CG: 31), single-set (SSG: 35) and multiple-set (MSG: 33). SSG and MSG trained three times a week for 6 weeks. Both training groups were underwent a strength-training program with two mesocycles (12-15 repetition maximum (RM) and 8-12 RM mesocycles). One RM loads in half squat and bench press were assessed before training and after the first and second mesocycles. ACE polymorphisms analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Subjects with ACE II genotype in the MST group had improved strength development in 12-15 RM, while SST and MST groups had similar gains in 8-12 RM. Subjects with ACE DD genotype in both the SSG and the MSG had similar benefits from both 12-15 RM and 8-12 RM. Strength gains for subjects with ACE ID genotype in the SSG were similar to MSG gains in response to 8-12 RM loads but not with 12-15 RM loads. Additionally, subjects with DD genotype had superior strength gains in both strength training groups. Tailoring strength training programmes (single-set vs. multiple set) according to the athlete's ACE genotype may be advantageous. 相似文献
46.
Józef Langfort Leszek Budohoski Hanna Kaciuba-Uściłko Krystyna Nazar John R. A. Challiss Eric A. Newsholme 《European journal of applied physiology》1991,62(2):145-150
Summary The effects of two types of acute exercise (1 h treadmill running at 20 m· min–1, or 6 × 10-s periods at 43 m · min–1, 0° inclination), as well as two training regimes (endurance and sprint) on the sensitivity of epitrochlearis muscle [fast twitch (FT) fibres] to insulin were measured in vitro in rats. The hormone concentration in the incubation medium producing the half maximal stimulation of lactate (la) production and glycogen synthesis was determined and used as an index of the muscle insulin sensitivity. A single period of moderate endurance as well as the sprint-type exercise increased the sensitivity of la production to insulin although the rate of la production enhanced markedly only after sprint exercise at 10 and 100 U· ml–1 of insulin. These effects persisted for up to 2 h after the termination of exercise. Both types of exercise significantly decreased the muscle glycogen content, causing a moderate enhancement in the insulin-stimulated rates of glycogen synthesis in vitro for up to 2 h after exercise. However, a significant increase in the sensitivity of this process to insulin was found only in the muscle removed 0.25 h after the sprint effort. Training of the sprint and endurance types increased insulin-stimulated rates of glycolysis 24 h after the last period of exercise. The sensitivity of this process to insulin was also increased at this instant. Both types of training increased the basal and maximal rates of glycogen snythesis, as well as the sensitivity of this process to insulin at the 24th following the last training session. It was concluded that in the epitrochlearis muscle, containing mainly FT fibres, both moderate and intensive exercise (acute and repeated) were effective in increasing sensitivity of glucose utilization to insulin. Thus, the response in this muscle type to increased physical activity differs from that reported previously in the soleus muscle, representing the slow-twitch, oxidative fibres in which sprint exercise did not produce any changes in the muscle insulin sensitivity. 相似文献
47.
综合ICU中低年资护士培训方法探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨为综合ICU培养合格的护理人员的方法。方法根据ICU护士应具备的素质及低年资护士的特点,采用定期集中培训、一对一带教、参加护理查房等方法,对基础理论和基本技能进行强化,重点加强了ICU专科护理知识地训练。结果通过客观考核和主观考核,效果良好。结论经过为期12个月两个时段较规范的岗位培训,低年资护士能较好的适应ICU工作。 相似文献
48.
Physical training and fasting erythrocyte activities of free radical scavenging enzyme systems in sedentary men 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
H. Ohno T. Yahata Y. Sato K. Yamamura N. Taniguchi 《European journal of applied physiology》1988,57(2):173-176
Summary Effects of 10 weeks of physical training on free radical scavenging enzyme systems in erythrocytes were investigated in 7 sedentary healthy male students. The training consisted of running over 5 km, 6 times/week. Their maximum oxygen uptake and 12 min walk-run performance increased significantly after training. Of the antioxidant enzyme systems examined in the erythrocytes, both catalase activity and concentration and total glutathione reductase (GR) activity also showed significant increases following the training. The erythrocyte GR activity coefficient also increased significantly. These results suggest that chronic aerobic exercise increases riboflavin requirements and has some positive effects on antioxidative processes. 相似文献
49.
Nobukazu Tamaki 《European journal of applied physiology》1987,56(2):127-131
Summary Muscle fiber type composition and capillary supply in rat diaphragm were investigated after 14 weeks of endurance training: body weight and muscle fiber area were significantly decreased, the muscle fiber type composition, capillary to fiber ratio and number of capillaries around each fiber type were unchanged, and the capillary density and number of capillaries around each fiber relative to fiber type areas were significantly increased. These small fiber areas and increased capillary supplies in the trained rats would facilitate oxygen transport to all parts of the muscle fiber during exercise. It is concluded that the changes observed in the trained rat diaphragm appear to enhance the capacity for oxidative metabolism. 相似文献
50.
Roberts AD Clark SA Townsend NE Anderson ME Gore CJ Hahn AG 《European journal of applied physiology》2003,88(4-5):390-395
Nineteen well-trained cyclists (14 males and 5 females, mean initial V˙O2max 62.3 ml kg–1 min–1) completed a multistage cycle ergometer test to determine maximal mean power output in 4 min (MMPO4min), maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD). The athletes were divided into three groups, each of which completed 5, 10
or 15 days of both a control condition (C) and live high:train low altitude exposure (LHTL). The C groups lived and trained
at the ambient altitude of 610 m. The LHTL groups spent 8–10 h night–1 in normobaric hypoxia at a simulated altitude of 2,650 m, and trained at the ambient altitude of 610 m. The changes to MMPO4min, V˙O2max and MAOD in response to LHTL altitude exposure were not significantly different for the 5-, 10- and 15-day treatment periods.
For the pooled data from all three treatment periods, there were significant increases in MMPO4min [mean (SD) 5.15 (0.83) W kg–1 vs 5.34 (0.78) W kg–1] and MAOD [50.1 (14.2) ml kg–1 vs 54.9 (13.1) ml kg–1] in the LHTL athletes between pre- and post-altitude exposure. There were no significant changes in MMPO4min [5.09 (0.76) W kg–1 vs 5.16 (0.86) W kg–1] or MAOD [50.5 (14.1) ml kg–1 vs 49.1 (13.0) ml kg–1] in the C athletes over the corresponding period. There were significant increases in V˙O2max in the athletes during both the LHTL [63.2 (9.0) ml kg–1 min–1 vs 64.1 (9.0) ml kg–1 min–1] and C [62.0 (8.6) ml kg–1 min–1 vs 63.4 (9.2) ml kg–1 min–1] conditions. In these athletes, there was no difference in the impact of 5, 10 or 15 days of LHTL on the increases observed
in MMPO4min, V˙O2max or MAOD; and LHTL increased MMPO4min and MAOD more than training at low altitude alone.
Electronic Publication 相似文献