Counselling needs,emotional and relationship problems in couples awaiting IVF

Medically unexplained (gynecological) symptoms can be viewed as an indication of the somatization of negative emotions. Most studies regarding psychological correlates of medically unexplained gynecological symptoms have paid attention only to certain personality characteristics of women with these symptoms. In this study the reporting of physical symptoms and the resulting illness behavior is explained in terms of information processing or a perception process, i.e. the process by which people detect and interpret physical sensations as symptoms of illness (symptom perception). Symptom perception is in part determined by environmental characteristics and cognitive and emotional processes, such as variation in daily life, (coping with) emotional threat and the use of cognitive illness schemes. Differences in symptom perception and illness behavior of women with medically unexplained and explained gynecological symptoms, compared to women with medically explained gynecological symptoms and a control group, were established with the help of a questionnaire, containing a number of scales. As expected, women with medically unexplained gynecological symptoms had higher reports of common symptoms and sensations and showed also more other illness behavior than the other two groups.

They reported less variation and more threat in daily life than the other two groups. These variables together with the use of illness schemes contributed most to symptom reporting of women with medically unexplained symptoms. It is concluded that defence against threat is probably an important determinant. Suggestions for further research and some practical implications are discussed.     

A systematic review investigating psychosocial aspects of egg sharing in the United Kingdom and their potential effects on egg donation numbers

This review aims to provide an up-to-date knowledge of the psychosocial aspects of egg donation from the perspectives of the egg share donor and their recipient. It explores the motives, experiences and attitudes of egg sharers and their views towards donor anonymity and disclosure. Conclusions are made on how these findings can guide clinical practice and improve egg sharing numbers. A systematic search of peer-reviewed journals of four computerized databases was undertaken. Eleven studies were included in the review. Psychosocial aspects towards donation were positive from the egg share donor and recipient. Concerns raised were whether participating in the egg sharing scheme would impact on their success rates, as well as frustration expressed by a minority regarding the lack of knowledge of egg sharing outside of fertility clinics. The 2005 legislative changes in the UK have not caused the anticipated dramatic decrease in egg donation; however, oocyte donation still falls short of demand. Egg sharing provides a practical option for more patients to access IVF, whilst also providing more donor oocytes. Improved information provision will result in greater awareness of egg sharing, with the potential to recruit more donors and meet the needs of recipients currently on long waiting lists.     

Pattern of presentation and management of patients with undescended testis at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center,Tanzania

ObjectiveTo assess the pattern or presentation, management and advice given to the parents or guardians of patients with undescended testes (UDT) at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Tanzania.Subjects and methodsFrom July 2010 to May 2011, 30 patients with UDT were prospectively evaluated regarding age at surgery, place of birth, information given to parents or guardians, side and site affected, results of ultrasonography, findings on surgical exploration, follow-up and surgical outcome.ResultsThe median age at surgery was 6 years (range 1–36 years), 4 patients (13.3%) had orchidopexy before 2 years of age, 6 (20%) before 5 years and 4 (13.3%) after 18 years of age. The UDT was on the right side in 56.7%, on the left side in 26.7%, bilateral in 16.7%, in the inguinal region in 70% and in the abdomen in 30%. An associated malformation was found in 53.5% of patients: a hernia sac in 13 (43.3%), hypospadias in 2 (6.7%) and a hydrocele in 1 (3.3%). The UDT was detected by the parents in 13 cases (43.3%), by the patient himself in 9 (30%) and by health care staff in 8 cases (26.7%). Only 10 parents (33.3%) received advice from health care staff: 6 were advised for surgery and 4 were advised to await spontaneous descent. Preoperative ultrasonography was false negative in 56% of cases. Orchidopexy was performed in 28 (93.3%) patients (the testis was secured in the scrotum in 23 and in the high inguino-scrotal position in 5), and 2 (6.7%) underwent orchidectomy. At 3-month follow-up the testes were situated in the scrotum (not retracted) in 25 patients (3 were lost to follow-up).ConclusionsThe late presentation detected in this study is alarming, because the majority of patients were diagnosed and treated after 2 years of age. The role of ultrasound in diagnosis of UDT is limited. Health care workers should perform neonatal examination to detect UDT and inform parents that early correction of UDT will decrease the risk of infertility and facilitate future examination to detect the development of testicular malignancy.     

Fertility,pregnancy, and prolactinoma: A survey of pituitary surgeons’ view and review of the literature

ObjectivePituitary surgeons frequently encounter female prolactinoma patients seeking treatment to restore fertility. Current medical guidelines recommend using dopamine agonist (DA) for this, but for fetal safety, DA should stop upon pregnancy confirmation. The probability that prolactinoma may grow during pregnancy makes this last recommendation imperfect. With the advances in endoscopic surgery, we queried the potential role for surgery in these infertile patients, who may be ambivalent about both stopping and continuing DA while pregnant.MethodsAn anonymous survey was sent to pituitary surgeons to investigate how they would advise prolactinoma patients on treatment of infertility, and counsel them about pregnancy. Directories from various US-based neurosurgical societies were culled. Surgeons who designated themselves as “skull base”/“pituitary” were surveyed.ResultsSeventy-six surgeons responded (41%). The majority (67%) adhered to medical guidelines for microprolactinoma, but 26% recommended surgery. However, for a macroprolactinoma at diagnosis, the number of surgeons who recommended DA treatment vs. surgical treatment were almost evenly split (χ² p = 0.06). The practice setting of a multidisciplinary clinic with endocrinologists did not significantly influence our respondents’ choice. For a patient who presented after becoming pregnant on DA, our respondents were against surgery to prevent tumor growth (96%).ConclusionA review of the current literature shows that both medical and surgical therapy have flaws. Significant numbers of surgeons considered surgery a legitimate option for prolactinoma patients seeking to be pregnant. The divergence between these surgeons’ opinion and current medical guidelines warrants further investigation and discussion.     

203例输卵管积液不孕患者病原体分析

目的 了解输卵管积液不孕的病原体感染状况,寻找该病的主要致病菌,为该疾病的临床合理治疗提供研究依据.方法 对203例输卵管积液不孕患者采集宫颈分泌物和输卵管积液标本,对标本进行病原体培养鉴定与药敏试验检测,将宫颈分泌物和输卵管积液的病原体培养与药敏试验结果进行比较分析.结果 203例输卵管积液不孕患者的宫颈分泌物和输卵管积液中培养出病原体628株,其中支原体属、衣原体属331株占52.71％,以沙眼衣原体为主,占27.39％,革兰阳性菌155株占24.68％,以金黄色葡萄球菌为主,占11.31％,革兰阴性菌125株占19.90％,以大肠埃希菌为主,占10.83％,真菌17株占2.71％,以白色假丝酵母菌为主,占2.39％;203例输卵管积液不孕患者的宫颈分泌物中培养出的沙眼衣原体、解脲脲支原体、二者混合感染的阳性率分别为43.84％、39.41％、13.79％,输卵管积液分别为40.89％、38.92％、12.81％,二者比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 临床治疗输卵管积液不孕时,应根据病原体检测结果合理使用抗菌药物；在制定治疗方案时应着重考虑沙眼衣原体、解脲脲支原体感染的治疗,还要重视对输卵管、宫颈及其他受感染部位的协同治疗.     

心理干预对腹腔镜诊疗方法治疗不孕症患者的影响与护理对策

目的：探讨心理干预对腹腔镜诊疗方法治疗不孕症患者的影响与护理对策。方法：将60例不孕患者按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各30例，对照组采用常规护理，观察组在常规护理基础上进行心理干预。结果：观察组患者焦虑指数评分、治疗效果明显优于对照组。结论：不孕症患者经腹腔镜诊疗后，医疗护理人员需要及时采用有针对性的心理干预手段，帮助患者走出心理误区。     

育胞养膜颗粒联合芬吗通对肾阳虚薄型子宫内膜的影响

目的观察育胞养膜颗粒联合芬吗通对肾阳虚薄型子宫内膜的影响。方法选取2015年6月～2017年6月在我院中医科就诊的肾阳虚薄型子宫内膜不孕患者62例,随机分为研究组与对照组,各31例,研究组芬吗通阴道上药同时口服育胞养膜颗粒,对照组芬吗通阴道上药同时口服阿司匹林。治疗3个月,比较两组子宫内膜厚度、卵泡发育情况、妊娠率和不良反应发生率。结果与各自治疗前比较,治疗后两组子宫内膜厚度均增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组成熟卵泡平均直径均增加,研究组治疗前后差异显著(P0.05),对照组治疗前后无显著差异(P0.05);治疗后组间比较,研究组子宫内膜厚度、成熟卵泡平均直径均大于对照组(P0.05),研究组宫内妊娠率高于对照组(P0.05)。两组均未发生明显不良反应。结论育胞养膜颗粒联合芬吗通可有效改善子宫内膜厚度和卵泡发育情况,提高妊娠率,疗效优于芬吗通联合阿司匹林。     

Premature ovarian insufficiency and autoimmune diseases

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a clinical syndrome defined by loss of ovarian activity before the age of 40 years and has a potentially devastating effect upon women's health, both physically and psychologically. An underlying autoimmune disease has been identified in approximately 20% of patients with POI, the most common of which are disorders of the thyroid and adrenal glands. Nevertheless, in the majority of cases, the etiology is unknown. The damage mechanism to the ovary is usually caused by antibodies, and autoimmune POI is usually characterized by cellular infiltration of the theca cells of growing follicles by various inflammatory cells. Yet, other various factors and proteins of unknown clinical significance are present.The major diagnostic tool for otherwise idiopathic POI is the presence of autoantibodies against various ovarian components that strongly support the option of autoimmune etiology of POI.Treatment of the underlying cause of POI is the main strategy, although immunosuppressive therapy should be considered in a selected population of well-defined autoimmune POI and, as in idiopathic POI, in whom the resumption of ovarian activity is possible.     

染色体多态性在生殖异常方面的临床效应

染色体多态性是染色体异染色质区域一种微小而恒定的变异,包括结构、带纹宽窄、着色强度等方面的变异,常发生于1、9、16号染色体,D、G组染色体,以及Y染色体。近年来,染色体多态性与生殖方面的关系日益受到人们的关注,本文将近期国内外相关研究综述如下。