Intrahippocampal cholinergic grafts in aged rats compensate impairments in a radial maze and in a place learning task

Summary Age-related cognitive impairments were studied in rats kept in semi-enriched conditions during their whole life, and tested during ontogeny and adult life in various classical spatial tasks. In addition, the effect of intrahippocampal grafts of fetal septal-diagonal band tissue, rich in cholinergic neurons, was studied in some of these subjects. The rats received bilateral cell suspensions when aged 23–24 months. Starting 4 weeks after grafting, they were trained during 5 weeks in an 8-arm maze made of connected plexiglass tunnels. No age-related impairment was detected during the first eight trials, when the maze shape was that of a classical radial maze in which the rats had already been trained when young. The older rats were impaired when the task was made more difficult by rendering two arms parallel to each other. They developed an important neglect of one of the parallel tunnels resulting in a high amount of errors before completion of the task. In addition, the old rats developed a systematic response pattern of visits to adjacent arms in a sequence, which was not observed in the younger subjects. None of these behaviours were observed in the old rats with a septal transplant. Sixteen weeks after grafting, another experiment was conducted in a homing hole board task. Rats were allowed to escape from a large circular arena through one hole out of many, and to reach home via a flexible tube under the table. The escape hole was at a fixed position according to distant room cues, and olfactory cues were made irrelevant by rotating the table between the trials. An additional cue was placed on the escape position. No age-related difference in escape was observed during training. During a probe trial with no hole connected and no proximal cue present, the old untreated rats were less clearly focussed on the training sector than were either the younger or the grafted old subjects. Taken together, these experiments indicate that enriched housing conditions and spatial training during adult life do not protect against all age-related deterioration in spatial ability. However, it might be that the considerable improvement observed in the grafted subjects results from an interaction between the graft treatment and the housing conditions.     

The course of aggressive behavior induced by a single injection of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its characteristics

Female, Wistar King A rats subjected to one day of isolated housing, during which all food was withheld for 22 hr and supplied for only 2 hr, and then given a single dose of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) markedly exhibited muricide and rod-attack behavior. This continued for 100 days after treatment as far as the animals remained in isolation. They displayed rat pup-killing behavior as well, although normal virgin female rats did not show such behavior. When the rats were transferred from isolated housing to group housing 60 days after THC treatment, rod-attack behavior disappeared completely in all rats and muricide disappeared in 13 of the 28 rats which exhibited muricide. However, when these rats were returned to isolation after a 15 day period of group housing, rod-attack behavior and muricide identical to that observed previously reappeared. It is concluded that housing condition plays a crucial role in the occurrence and maintenance of THC-induced aggression including muricide.     

北京市东城区公共场所冷却塔使用状况及健康风险评估

目的了解北京市东城区公共场所冷却塔使用及卫生状况,评估各场所冷却塔军团菌病健康风险。方法2018年5—9月,采集东城区内三类共26家公共场所冷却塔冷却水,填写相关调查问卷,通过冷却塔军团菌病健康风险指数模型计算各场所健康风险。结果本次研究中各场所冷却水样本嗜肺军团菌检测均为阴性,合格率为100%。游离性余氯平均为0.15 mg/L。酒店类场所冷却塔规模、加药方式和频率与其他场所有明显差别。26家公共场所健康综合风险平均为61.49,其中军团菌增殖风险、含菌气溶胶传播风险、暴露人群易感风险分别为16.13、22.66和22.70。不同场所冷却塔军团菌病健康风险评估结果存在一定差异,医院类场所健康风险指数高于酒店和商场(F=3.78,P<0.05)。结论冷却塔军团菌病健康风险高低主要受公共场所周围易感人群影响,该地区相关卫生部门应加强对相关易感人群的保护,对各类场所相关政策法规进行制定、完善和实施。     

How different health literacy dimensions influences health and well‐being among men and women: The mediating role of health behaviours

BackgroundHealth literacy, the ability to access, understand, evaluate and apply health information, was found to contribute to positive health outcomes, possibly via promoting healthy behaviours. However, the specific pathways linking different health literacy skills to health and well‐being have remained unclear.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey with structural questionnaires was administered among 2236 adults in Hong Kong (mean age = 46.10 ± 19.05). Health literacy was measured by HLS‐Asian‐47. Participants'' physical conditions and subjective well‐being were predicted by health literacy and health behaviours with structural modelling path analysis.ResultsHealth literacy in finding and understanding information showed a direct effect on enhancing physical health, while applying information capacity had an indirect positive effect via promoting health behaviours, which was moderated by sex. Only among women, this indirect effect predicting fewer physical symptoms and better well‐being was significant.ConclusionsDifferent health literacy dimensions showed distinct direct and indirect pathways in influencing health for men and women. Based on the findings, skill trainings should be developed to enhance both gender''s abilities of finding and understanding health information, while the ability of applying health information should also be improved for modifying lifestyle and promoting health, particularly for women.Patient or Public ContributionTwo thousand and two hundred thirty‐six adults from different districts of Hong Kong participated in the study, and responded to questions on health literacy, behaviours and health status.     

海南省学生身体素质研究报告

目的 调查研究海南省学生身体素质状况。方法 按《全国学生体质健康状况调查研究实施方案》所规定的测试方法和统计分析要求进行。结果 海南省学生身体素质六项指标基本随年龄增大而提高;男性学生、乡村学生、汉族学生大部分素质指标分别高于女性学生、城市学生及黎族学生;海南省学生1995年身体素质水平比1991年稍有下降。结论 应进一步加强我省学校尤其是少数民族地区学校的体育卫生工作。     

解脲支原体的生长条件研究

目的　探讨解脲支原体 (Uu)在液体培养基中的最佳营养条件和在固体培养基上形成菌落的最佳气体条件。方法　采用不同的pH值、不同的酵母及小牛血清含量配制解脲支原体培养基 ,将法国Merieum生产的培养基作对比研究。结果　解脲支原体生长最适pH值为 6.0～ 6.5 ;10 %酵母提取液、10 %小牛血清能加速解脲支原体的生长 ,90 %N2 、5 %～ 10 %CO2 能促进解脲支原体菌落生长。结论　本研究为改进解脲支原体的培养质量、开发高效的支原体培养基及药敏检测板提供实验依据     

Is there a role for elbow arthrodesis in 21st Century - Current concepts and overview of surgical techniques

Elbow arthrodesis is uncommon and is usually performed as a salvage procedure to provide a stable elbow. There is a significant gap in the literature about the indications, contraindications, fusion angle, technical tips, and reversibility of the procedure. This review addresses these questions in a evidence based manner, based on the published literature.     

How people of African Caribbean or Irish ethnicity cope with long-term health conditions in UK community settings: A systematic review of qualitative,quantitative and mixed method studies

Living with a chronic or mental health condition can be challenging and requires considerable adjustment. As ways of coping are culturally influenced, it is important to understand how minority ethnic populations cope, to inform appropriate services. This review aimed to explore the coping strategies used by UK residents from an African Caribbean or Irish background between 1960 and 2020. A systematic literature search on strategies used to cope with chronic health conditions in both populations living in the United Kingdom identified 26 relevant studies. Data were extracted, quality of papers was appraised and critical interpretive synthesis was applied. Two major foci of the studies were coping strategies and barriers to coping. The main coping strategies were denial/scepticism, self-management, spirituality and religion. Within each population, there was variation in ways of coping. The review highlights the complex role of religion in influencing coping strategies. It demonstrates how personal and minority ethnic populations’ experiences of service use are connected with stigma, fear and mistrust, which also act as barriers to seeking help and to coping. Coping with a chronic or mental health condition in the Irish and African Caribbean populations is under-researched. Stigma, fear and mistrust in services act as key barriers to help-seeking and religion is a prominent coping strategy. However, few detailed examples were given on how it was used to assist individuals when managing a chronic or mental health condition. Also due to a lack of research, firm conclusions cannot be drawn for the Irish population.     

胃癌及其癌前病变中ras, c-erbB-2, p53癌基因产物的表达

目的 探讨胃癌及其癌前病变中ras,c-erbB-2,p53癌基因蛋白产物的表达分布特点及其在胃癌发生发展中的作用。方法 应用免疫组化ABC方法,对58例胃癌、31例胃粘膜上皮异型增生和11例正常胃粘膜组织中,鼠抗人mAb ras基因p21蛋白、兔抗人c-erbB-2原癌基因产物多克隆抗体p185,鼠抗人mAb p53蛋白进行了检测。结果p21在正常胃粘膜和轻、中、重度异型增生和胃癌中的表达率分别为27．3％,30．0％,46．2％,75．0％和72．4％;其表达率在重度异型增生和胃癌中显著高于正常胃粘膜和轻、中度异型增生（P＜0．05）;p185在正常胃粘膜和轻、中度异型增生中无表达,在重度异型增生和癌中的阳性表达率分别为25．0％,18．9％,各组间无显著性差异（P＞0．05）;p53仅在癌中有表达,表达率29．3％,明显高于非癌组织（P＜0．05）。胃癌中两种以上癌基因蛋白同时表达率明显高于非癌组织（P＜0．05）。结论 ras基因可能作用于胃癌发生的早期阶段,c-erbB-2,p53基因可能作用于胃癌发生的较晚期。并认为胃癌发生需要多基因协同作用。