PADI4 polymorphisms and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis

The objective of the study was to investigate the association between peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) polymorphism and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). An electronic searching strategy was employed to collect relevant studies on the association between PADI4 polymorphism and susceptibility to RA. The odds ratio (OR) with the 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) was used to evaluate the RA risk presented by PADI4 polymorphism. Fixed or random effects models were selected based on heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Begg’s test, and Egger’s test. A total of 27 studies from 21 articles were included. Six gene loci (padi4_94, 104, 92, 90, 89, and 100) were chosen for the meta-analysis. The pooled ORs (95 % CI) for allele 2 versus 1 were 1.08 (1.05–1.12), 1.17 (1.12–1.23), 1.26 (1.18–1.36), 1.17 (1.10–1.24), 1.30 (1.17–1.44), and 1.25 (1.11–1.40), respectively. All six SNPs were significantly associated with RA in Asian populations. Three SNPs (PADI4_104, 90, 89) showed significant associations, while the other three SNPs (PADI4_94, 92, 100) exhibited no associations in the European population. A dose–response relationship between allele 2 of PADI4 and the risk of RA was also identified. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that PADI4 polymorphisms represent a significant risk factor for RA, especially in Asians.     

大鼠脑源性神经干细胞的分离培养

目的 探讨大鼠不同年龄组来源的神经干细胞体外培养和诱导分化的最佳条件。方法 分离12～15d大鼠胚胎、1～2d新生鼠的脑组织和成年大鼠脑的海马区和嗅球，在条件培养基(包含生长因子)中增殖培养，用神经干细胞的特异性单克隆抗体巢蛋白(nestin)鉴定克隆细胞；去除生长因子，降低血清浓度到2％后，诱导细胞分化，用神经细胞的特异性单克隆抗体鉴定分化细胞。结果 获得了大量可自我增殖并分化为3种神经细胞(神经元，星形胶质细胞，少突胶质细胞)的神经前体细胞。结论 在适当的分离培养条件下，可以获得大量的神经前体细胞，为神经干细胞的基础和临床研究提供细胞基础。     

诱导多能性干细胞研究进展

人类诱导多能性干细胞（iPS细胞）的出现被誉为生命科学领域里新的里程碑,它建立了一种全新的、相对易操作而较稳定的体细胞核重编程方法,在生物学基础研究和临床应用方面具有潜在的价值;然而,iPS细胞的高癌变率和极低的重编程效率大大限制了它的应用。目前iPS细胞技术正在被不断完善,就iPS细胞的研究历程及在诱导iPS细胞上的最新研究进展进行综述。     

尿LH试纸对流产妇女恢复排卵时间影响的临床研究

目的利用尿LH试纸、基础体温(BBT),B型超声(USS)方法监测流产后妇女排卵时间,研究人工流产与药物流产对恢复排卵时间的影响。方法选择本院门诊进行流产的妇女共124例,分为人工流产组和药物流产组,利用尿LH半定量检测试纸测定,BBT测定、和USS监测排卵恢复时间。结果人工流产组(61例)和药物流产组(63例)间年龄、孕次、初潮年龄等差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);124例患者中5例失访,结合BBT、月经中期监测尿LH试纸、USS方法三者可靠的监测排卵;两组患者排卵恢复时间在各个月经周期的分布秩和检验表明两组分布有显著差异(P0.05),药物流产组排卵恢复时间明显滞后于人工流产组。结论药物流产较人工流产患者排卵恢复时间延迟,这可能与药物流产改变患者体内内环境有关系。     

How much does phase resetting contribute to event-related EEG abnormalities in schizophrenia?

Objective: Patients suffering from schizophrenia demonstrate impaired low frequency electrophysiological responses to stimuli, but it remains unclear whether these abnormalities arise from phase resetting of ongoing oscillations, new phase-locked (evoked) activity or non-phase-locked (induced) activity. Our goal is to clarify the contribution of each of these three processes to the impairment of neural activity during information processing in schizophrenia, by using statistics that do not confound increases in the mean post-stimulus signal with phase resetting. Methods: Thirty-four male schizophrenia patients and 34 healthy matched controls performed an auditory oddball task. We applied the analysis procedure developed by Martinez-Montes et al. [18] based on complex-valued wavelet transform to event-related signal elicited by target stimuli. Results: The largest abnormalities were found for phase-locked delta (1–4 Hz) and non-phase-locked theta (4–8 Hz). Delta phase resetting was moderately impaired and related to symptoms of disorganization. It also predicted evoked theta signal. Conclusion: The substantial reduction of both evoked and induced oscillatory activity in schizophrenia indicates diminished recruitment of brain circuits engaged not only in stimulus-locked perceptual processing but also in more extensive processing less tightly time locked to the stimulus. Although reduced phase resetting makes a lesser contribution, it indicates a deficit in the ability to harness ongoing electrical activity.     

Evidence for a dose-dependent effect of pulsed magnetic fields on pain processing

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the dose–response relationship (sham, 100, 200, 1000 μT) between a pulsed extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELFMF) and acute thermal pain on the dominant right hand. Forty-seven participants were recruited, and pulsed ELFMF was applied through the MRI gradient system using a novel technique. Regions of interest (ROIs) matching those of previous studies were examined for a potential dose response. Significant correlations between applied field strength and change in BOLD activity were found in the anterior cingulate and the ipsilateral insula, indicating that there might be either a dose response or a threshold effect of the ELFMF.     

视网膜细胞培养上清液对骨髓基质细胞的诱导分化作用

目的探讨视网膜细胞培养上清液对骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)的诱导分化作用。方法原代培养胚龄17d(E17)及生后3d(P3)SD大鼠的视网膜细胞,分别收集培养上清液,过滤后与DMEM按2:3混合,用此混合液诱导BMSCs,倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,对诱导后的细胞进行神经丝蛋白(NF)、胶质源性纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)及视网膜特异性标记物进行免疫化学染色,统计分析阳性细胞数;再用RT-PCR进一步检测诱导结果。结果E17和P3细胞上清液均能诱导BMSCs表达NF[(10.35±2.66)%,(10.64±3.94)%]和GFAP[(27.86±7.97)%,(24.38±5.80)%],但只有P3细胞上清液诱导的BMSCs表达视蛋白(opsin),同时RT-PCR也检测到视细胞发育调节转录因子Crx mRNA的表达。结论视网膜细胞培养上清液可以诱导BMSCs向神经元、胶质细胞与视细胞分化。     

Modes of memory: early electrophysiological markers of repetition suppression and recognition enhancement predict behavioral performance

Different forms of perceptual memory have opposite physiological effects. Whereas repetition priming often leads to suppression of brain responses, explicit recognition has been found to enhance brain activity. We investigated effects of repetition priming and recognition memory on early gamma-band responses. In a study phase, participants performed a visual discrimination task with task-irrelevant item repetitions. Stimulus repetition suppressed early evoked gamma responses in participants with strong behavioral repetition effects. In a test phase, participants discriminated old from new items. Evoked and induced gamma activity was enhanced for old items. Effects were stronger in participants with better recognition performance. The results demonstrate a modulation of earliest stages of visual information processing by different memory systems, which is dependent on retrieval intention and predicts individual behavioral performance.     

不同雄激素水平PCOS患者诱导排卵临床结局分析

目的:探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者在不同雄激素水平下诱导排卵的临床妊娠结局。方法:PCOS合并不孕患者352例,根据诱导排卵前基础睾酮(T)水平分为4组:A组60例,基础T正常,直接诱导排卵;B组64例,基础T正常,但仍给予达英-35治疗3个周期后诱导排卵;C组120例,基础T升高,给予达英-35治疗3个周期,复查T正常后诱导排卵;D组108例,基础T升高,给予达英-35治疗3个周期,复查T仍高于正常水平,经患者知情同意后,诱导排卵。比较4组子宫内膜厚度、尿促性素(HMG)用量、周期排卵率、临床妊娠率、流产率的差异。结果:4组子宫内膜厚度、排卵周期临床妊娠率组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组HMG用量最多,周期排卵率、总临床妊娠率最低,与其它3组的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05);B、C、D组间周期排卵率、总妊娠率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组早期流产率最高,但4组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:基础T水平正常的PCOS患者,诱导排卵前应用口服避孕药治疗可改善临床妊娠结局;口服避孕药治疗后T未降至正常水平,且有生育要求的PCOS患者可试行诱导排卵治疗。     

Reduced event-related low frequency EEG activity in schizophrenia during an auditory oddball task

This study examines EEG low frequency characteristics which have been linked to specific cognitive functions such as stimulus encoding and attention during an auditory oddball task in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. EEG data was recorded from 17 young schizophrenia patients in a stable phase of their illness and 17 healthy controls performing an auditory oddball task. Evoked and induced delta and theta activity, N100, P300 amplitude were computed. Between 200–500 ms after a stimulus was presented, patients displayed significantly reduced P300, less evoked and induced delta and theta activity than controls. We conclude that the well known finding of P300 reduction in schizophrenia can be linked to reductions in delta and theta activity, which are a manifestation of impaired stimulus evaluation, memory retrieval, and a lack of sustained attention.