文山州2011-2020年外出流动人群新发现麻风患者流行病学分析

采用描述性流行病学方法,对文山州2011-2020年外出流动麻风患者人群进行流行病学特征分析。结果示2011-2020年文山州新发现麻风病例434例,其中外出流动患者129例(29.72%)。129例患者中,男101例,女28例,年龄11～57岁,其中≤14岁3例;职业分布以农民为主(114例,88.37%),其次是学生(7例,5.43%);患者主要来自丘北县(49例)和广南县(45例)。患者外出省份主要为广东省(60例,46.51%),浙江省(33例,25.58%),福建省(13例,10.08%);病例发现方式主要为皮肤科门诊为主(52例,40.31%),其次为自报(25例,19.38%);临床特征按联合化疗分型以多菌型为主(89.92%);II级畸残率15.50%;从发病到确诊时间平均18个月,传染来源以家内为主(占51.16%)。     

Activity Subspaces in Medial Prefrontal Cortex Distinguish States of the World

Medial prefrontal cortex (mPfC) activity represents information about the state of the world, including present behavior, such as decisions, and the immediate past, such as short-term memory. Unknown is whether information about different states of the world are represented in the same mPfC neural population and, if so, how they are kept distinct. To address this, we analyze here mPfC population activity of male rats learning rules in a Y-maze, with self-initiated choice trials to an arm end followed by a self-paced return during the intertrial interval (ITI). We find that trial and ITI population activity from the same population fall into different low-dimensional subspaces. These subspaces encode different states of the world: multiple features of the task can be decoded from both trial and ITI activity, but the decoding axes for the same feature are roughly orthogonal between the two task phases, and the decodings are predominantly of features of the present during the trial but features of the preceding trial during the ITI. These subspace distinctions are carried forward into sleep, where population activity is preferentially reactivated in post-training sleep but differently for activity from the trial and ITI subspaces. Our results suggest that the problem of interference when representing different states of the world is solved in mPfC by population activity occupying different subspaces for the world states, which can be independently decoded by downstream targets and independently addressed by upstream inputs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Activity in the medial prefrontal cortex plays a role in representing the current and past states of the world. We show that during a maze task, the activity of a single population in medial prefrontal cortex represents at least two different states of the world. These representations were sequential and sufficiently distinct that a downstream population could separately read out either state from that activity. Moreover, the activity representing different states is differently reactivated in sleep. Different world states can thus be represented in the same medial prefrontal cortex population but in such a way that prevents potentially catastrophic interference between them.     

上海市虹口区流动人口艾滋病知信行状况调查

目的了解上海市虹口区流动人口艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为现况,为探索流动人口艾滋病防治模式提供参考。方法采用多阶段整群抽样的方法,对虹口区3个街道内的集贸市场、建筑工地和流动人口聚居的小区共1942名流动人员进行现场问卷调查。结果被调查对象以20—49岁中青年为主,占82．9％,艾滋病相关知识评分平均为（34．77±3．52）分（满分44）、态度评分平均为（12．11±2．32）分（满分19分）、行为评分平均为（5．50±0．95）分（满分7分）。文化程度越高,艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为等评分得分越高,其中知识得分为（小学及以下33．26±3．54分,初中34．63±3．23分,高中及以上36．56±3．39分）,态度得分为（小学及以下13．77±2．27分,初中14．79±2．39分,高中及以上15．62±2．38分）,行为得分为（小学及以下5．40±0．90分,初中5．51±0．93分,高中及以上5．58±1．03分）。结论上海市虹口区流动人口艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为水平仍较低,应采取相应的干预措施。     

Birth outcomes of patients with isolated anorectal malformations: A population‐based case‐control study

In most patients affected by isolated anorectal malformation (IARM) the etiology is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of our project was to analyze possible risk factors for IARM. In the first step, birth outcomes of cases with IARM were analyzed on the basis of maternal socio‐demographic variables, and these data are presented in this paper. Gestational age at delivery, birthweight, preterm birth, low birthweight and small for gestational age of cases with IARM were evaluated in the function of maternal age, birth/pregnancy order, marital and employment status of mothers in the population‐based large dataset of the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980–1996. The study samples included 231 live‐born cases with IARM, 361 matched and 38 151 population controls without any defect. IARMs are more frequent in males, twins and newborn infants with low birthweight and small‐for‐gestational‐age, the latter being the consequence of intrauterine growth restriction. In addition, mothers of cases were younger but with higher birth order, and had lower socio‐economic status. These maternal variables are characteristic for the gypsy population in Hungary. The higher proportion of gypsy women among the mothers of cases with IARM was confirmed during the home visits of the study. Male sex and intrauterine growth restriction of cases, in addition to low socioeconomic status and gypsy origin of mothers may have a role in the risk of IARMs.     

Photodynamic Therapy in Macular Diseases of Asian Populations: When East Meets West

Purpose

We reviewed the indications, safety, and efficacy of photodynamic therapy with verteporfin in various macular diseases and vasculopathies, which are common in Asian populations, and compared the outcomes of photodynamic therapy in Asian patients with the outcomes in Caucasian patients.

Methods

Relevant clinical and laboratory original articles, case reports, and review articles that have been published in the literature between January 1999 and October 2004 were searched in Medline. The potential differences in the response to photodynamic therapy between Asian and Caucasian patients were evaluated. Articles in foreign languages with English abstracts were included.

Results

Macular diseases commonly seen in Asian populations, including choroidal neovascularization (CNV) of age-related macular degeneration, secondary to pathologic myopia or from an idiopathic cause, and choroidal vasculopathies such as central serous chorioretinopathy and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy were included in the review. The results were tabulated and the differences with Caucasian populations were compared and highlighted.

Conclusion

Photodynamic therapy has been found to be an effective and noninvasive treatment for various subfoveal CNV and choroidal vasculopathies of the macula. Diverse behavior in different ethnic groups is observed. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2006;50:161–169 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2006     

Association between complementary factor H Y402H polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration in Chinese: Systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world and complement factor H (CFH) polymorphism has been found to associate with the AMD. To investigate whether the Y402H variant in CFH is associated with AMD in Chinese populations, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to estimate the magnitude of the gene effect and the possible mode of action.

METHODS

A meta-analysis was performed using data available from ten case-control studies assessing association between the CFH Y402H polymorphism and AMD in Chinese populations involving 1538 AMD. Data extraction and study quality assessment were performed in duplicate. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) an allele contrast and genotype contrast were estimated using fixed- effects models. The Q-statistic test was used to assess heterogeneity, and Funnel plot was used to evaluate publication bias.

RESULTS

Seven of ten case-control studies were neovascular AMD, and few studies came from west and north of China. There was strong evidence for association between CFH and AMD in Chinese population, with those having risk allele C 2.35 times more likely to have AMD than subjects with T allele. Evidence of publication bias was not observed in our meta-analysis.

CONCLUTION

This meta-analysis summarizes the strong evidence for an association between CFH and AMD in Chinese and indicates each C allele increasing the odds of AMD by 2.33-fold.But more evidences about the relation between CFH polymorphism and different type of Chinese AMD from various district were needed.     

嘉定区华亭社区2012年心脑血管疾病监测结果分析

目的 ：了解嘉定区华亭镇2012年社区人群中心脑血管病发病现状及变化趋势,探索降低社区人群心脑血管病发病的措施。方法：利用防治条线汇总资料进行统计分析。结果：华亭镇2012年心脑血管病发病率为247.95/10万,死亡率为292.66/10万。缺血性脑卒中发病率最高,男性高于女性,随年龄增长呈递增趋势,60岁以上发病人数占总发病人数的88.52%。结论 ：心脑血管疾病已经成为严重危害华亭镇社区居民的慢性病之一,加强60岁以上人群心脑血管病防治已刻不容缓。     

广州市番禺区流动人口性病干预情况分析

目的 了解对番禺区流动人口实施性病行为干预的效果,为性病防治工作提供理论依据.方法 随机调查番禺区超过100人的大型工厂5个、建筑工地5个的流动人口作为研究对象,对调查对象开展健康教育和安全套推广,比较干预前后流动人口的性病相关知识知晓率、安全套使用率和4种性病(淋病、沙眼衣原体、尖锐湿疣和梅毒)的感染率.结果 干预后的流动人口性病相关知识知晓率有明显升高,从干预前的51.68％上升到干预后的91.24％;淋病感染率从干预前的2.40％下降到干预后的1.90％,沙眼衣原体感染率从干预前的9.76％下降到干预后的6.65％,尖锐湿疣感染率从干预前的7.99％下降到干预后的5.06％,梅毒感染率从干预前的3.55％下降到干预后的2.22％.结论 对番禺区流动人口进行性病的健康教育和行为干预成效显著.     

阿拉山口口岸地区小型哺乳动物区系调查及输入种动态分析

目的 掌握口岸地区本底小型哺乳动物种群及家、野栖鼠类的动态变化,识别外来物种,预测、预报传疫信息.方法 在本口岸及周边区域6大生态环境中进行调查,对比既往资料进行分析.结果 捕获兔形类1种、啮齿类16种、食虫类2种、食肉类1种、翼手类1种,即5目9科15属19种1022只.并对口岸输入种进行了分析.结论 家栖鼠类褐家鼠为优势种,野栖鼠类大沙鼠为优势种,这两大家、野栖鼠类的代表性种群,其主要传播媒介已发生交换和转移,加之印鼠客蚤的参与是鼠间到人间鼠疫发生的危险因素.     

肺癌高危人群癌症防治核心知识认知情况调查

目的 探讨肺癌高危人群对癌症防治核心知识认知情况并对其影响因素进行分析.方法 以2017年3月至2019年12月在上海市某医院胸外科完成肺癌高危人群筛查并判断为肺癌高危人群的居民为研究对象,开展癌症防治核心知识知晓情况调查,采用描述流行病学分析方法对癌症防治核心知识掌握情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对知识掌握影...