青岛市麻疹疫苗免疫对麻疹自然感染影响的调查

为弄清青岛市麻疹的流行现状，我们对128名急性出疹病人进行了问卷调查和麻疹特异性IgM抗体检测。在没有免疫且血清中麻疹IgM抗体阳性的病例中，9（100％）例病人的临床表现符合CDC麻疹的诊断标准；而14（50％）例麻疹疫苗免疫且血清中麻疹IgM抗体阳性的病人，仅存在低热或不发烧，不符合CDC麻疹的诊断标准。另外28例麻疹疫苗免疫血清中无麻疹IgM的病人，其临床过程较免疫或没有免疫IgM阳性的病人轻。5例病人为麻疹，风疹合并感染，其中3名呈轻型临床过程。其余55例出疹病人为风疹，其血清中风疹IgM阳性，麻疹IgM阴性。上述疫苗修饰的轻型麻疹病例，可以导致在高度免疫的人群中，麻疹疫情的漏报和对疫苗效果的过高估计。要阻止麻疹病毒在人群中的传播，要求更高的免疫覆盖率，这是消灭麻疹面临的艰难任务。     

睾丸性无精子症中医证型间睾丸病理类型、IgG、IgM的比较研究

目的 通过对睾丸性无精子症肾虚证组、血瘀证组患者睾丸病理类型、IgG、IgM、的比较研究，为辨证论治睾丸性无精子症提供理论依据。方法 31例睾丸性无精子症患者的睾丸组织，其中。肾虚证者16例，血瘀证者15例。正常对照组睾丸5例。进行病理检查，睾丸病变程度行Makler评分，利用免疫组织化学ABC法检测睾丸组织中IgG、IgM沉积情况，并对上述结果行统计学处理。结果两组患者的病理类型都以生精阻滞为主，但血瘀证组患者的睾丸病变更为严重而复杂。31例患者中22例有IgG沉积，11例有IgM沉积，两组间比较无显著性差异，免疫复合物的沉积与睾丸病变程度无关。结论血瘀证患者睾丸组织病变更为严重。自身免疫在肾虚证、血瘀证患者中普遍存在，但免疫因素在睾丸性无精症的发病机制中不占主导地位，自身免疫与证型无关。     

利用抗人μ链单克隆抗体检测EHF病人IgM抗体的研究

本文报告用自制抗人μ链单克隆抗体荧光结合物检测EHF病人血清IgM抗体用以早期特异性诊断。对225份急性期EHF病人血清进行检测,结果阳性224份,其他病人血清54份全部阴性。     

IgM anti-GQ1b monoclonal antibody inhibits voltage-dependent calcium current in cerebellar granule cells

Miller–Fisher syndrome (MFS), which is known to be associated with anti-GQ1b antibodies and to cause ataxia, is a variant of an acute inflammatory neuropathy. However, the pathogenic role of anti-GQ1b antibodies remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of mouse IgM anti-GQ1b monoclonal antibody (IgM anti-GQ1b mAb) on the spontaneous muscle action potential of a rat spinal cord-muscle co-culture system and on the voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) current in cerebellar granule cells and Purkinje cells using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. The frequency of spontaneous muscle action potential of the innervated muscle cells was transiently increased by IgM anti-GQ1b mAb and then was blocked completely, which was the same finding as reported previously. Moreover, the cerebellar granule cell VDCC current was decreased by 30.76 ± 7.60% by 5 μg/mL IgM anti-GQ1b mAb, whereas IgM anti-GQ1b mAb did not affect the VDCC current in cerebellar Purkinje cells. In immunocytochemistry, IgM anti-GQ1b mAb stained the whole cell surface of cerebellar granule cells, but not that of Purkinje cells. Therefore, the clinical symptoms of Miller–Fisher syndrome, such as cerebellar-like ataxia, may be explained by the inhibitory effects of anti-GQ1b antibodies on VDCC current in cerebellar granule cells.     

Lyme borreliosis in children

A total of 27 children with clinical symptoms indicative of Lyme borreliosis are described, 21 of which were seropositive. CNS symptoms were found in 17 of the seropositive childen (81%). Of these 21, 7 were CSF negative. Another 3 (with Bell's palsy and/or aseptic meningitis) were initially CSF negative but developed specific CSF titres 80, 65 and 120 days after the first lumbar puncture, respectively. Thus, seropositive children with aseptic meningitis and without initial signs of an infectious aetiology should be checked for a neuroborreliosis even when CSF negative in the first lumbar puncture. Antibiotic therapy undertaken in 26 children showed clinical recovery (Sodium penicillin, 300,000–500,000 units/kg per day for 14 days). One developed residual hypoacusis. Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG values from 27 cases with those of 30 healthy controls showed that elevated ELISA titres are a good indication of the disease. However, Lyme borreliosis can only be diagnosed correctly if the clinical symptoms conform with specific titres.Abbreviations Bb Borrelia burgdorferi - CNS central nervous system - CSF cerebrospinal fluid - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - ECM erythema chronicum migrans - ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - Ig immunoglobulin - Lb Lyme borreliosis     

Incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in live Guatemalan newborns

Five hundred and fifty samples of blood collected from the umbilical cords of an equivalent number of newborns were analized for serological evidence of congenital toxoplasmosis based on the detection of IgG and IgM. Six newborns presented serological evidence of congenital toxoplasmosis (IgM > 1:5, < 80 IU/ml), which represents an incidence of 10.9 per 1000 live births. During pregnancy four of the mothers of these six newborns were asymptomatic, whereas the other two mothers presented non-specific signs and symptoms. The six newborns did not present positive signs of acute toxoplasmosis at birth. Three false positive were identified, all secondary to the presence of a rheumatoid (RF) and/or antinuclear factor (ANF). And in one of them the diagnosis of congenital syphilis was confirmed. The percentage of women that tested serum positive for IgG antibodies increased with age, with 55.8% of the pregnant women testing serum-negative, therefore carrying the risk of acquired toxoplasmosis in future pregnancies.Corresponding author.     

New bacterial absorption method for determination of hepatitis A IgM and IgA antibodies

Antibodies against hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) can be determined by a commercially available radioimmunoassay (RIA) (HavabTM, Abbott). To discriminate between recent and past hepatitis A infection this RIA was used in combination with absorption with protein A-containing staphylococci. However, nonabsorbable anti-HAV was repeatedly detected in late-convalescent sera using this methods. The nature of these antibodies was studied in serum samples from 12 such patients. In all patients, the late-convalescent sera contained no IgM class anti-HAV as judged by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The restricted specificity of staphylococcal protein A explains the lack of absorption. Some recently described streptococcal strains capable of binding all IgG subclasses (including IgG3) as well as both IgA subclasses were, therefore, added to the staphylococci. Absorption studies using these strains indicated that the previously nonabsorbable anti-HAV in these 12 patients was mainly of the IgA class. A bacterial mixture including IgA-binding streptococci seems preferable to routine determination of IgM anti-HAV in acute hepatitis A diagnosis. The results also indicate that IgA anti-HAV in serum can persist for more than two years after a hepatitis A infection.     

Fiber optic probe cytometer

An optical fiber probe is used to both excite and collect fluorescence from a suspension of cells. The configuration of the probe is such that one or a few cells are sensed at a time, with a convenient cell concentration. With fluorescently labeled antibodies to cellular antigens, the fiber optic cytometer is able to identify the presence of a specific set of cells with high sensitivity.     

Determination of anti-HBsAg IgM monoclonal antibodies in cell culture media by perfusion immunoassay

A rapid, specific, perfusion immunoassay for active anti-HBsAg monoclonal IgM is described. The immunoassay requires less than 3.5 min per sample. The precision was found to be 3.6% at an IgM concentration of 17 μg/ml. A detection limit of 1 μg/ml IgM in culture media was determined. Assay results were found to correlate very well with standard size exclusion chromatography and radial immunodiffusion techniques. This perfusion immunoassay was demonstrated to be useful for determining anti-HBsAg IgM in complex matrices such as cell culture media. The utility of the immunoassay for monitoring production of anti-HBsAg IgM in a perfusion bioreactor is demonstrated.