胎龄小于32周的极/超低出生体质量儿支气管肺发育不良及严重程度危险因素分析

目的 研究影响胎龄小于32周的极/超低出生体质量儿支气管肺发育不良及其严重程度的危险因素,为新生儿临床工作提供帮助.方法 选取2019年1月至2021年1月于安徽医科大学第一附属医院新生儿科住院超过28天的130例胎龄小于32周的极/超低出生体质量儿,根据支气管肺发育不良诊断标准分为支气管肺发育不良(BPD)组54例和非支气管肺发育不良(nB-PD)组76例;其中54例BPD早产儿,根据BPD诊断标准分为轻度BPD组43例、中重度BPD组11例.分析该130例患儿的围产期因素,其中孕母因素包括是否使用产前激素、生产方式、是否多胎、是否为初产妇、产妇年龄、是否合并相关疾病如重度子痫前期、绒毛膜羊膜炎、阴道流液、产前发热、胎膜早破;新生儿因素包括胎龄、出生体质量、Apgar评分、性别、首选通气方式、机械通气时间及是否使用INSURE技术.对各组间有统计学差异的因素,采用logistic回归分析探究影响患儿BPD及其严重程度的危险因素.结果 logistic分析提示,胎龄越小(OR=0.110,95％CI:0.007～0.638)、机械通气时间越长(OR=2.178,95％CI:1.046～4.534)、用氧时间越长(OR=1.635,95％CI:1.148～2.327)和未采用INSURE技术(OR=0.006,95％CI:0.000～0.972)是患儿发生BPD的危险因素.机械通气时间越长(OR=1.567,95％CI:1.228～1.720)、用氧时间越长(OR=1.358,95％CI:1.009～1.828)是患儿BPD严重程度的危险因素.结论 胎龄小、未采用INSURE技术、机械通气时间及用氧时间长是患儿发生BPD的危险因素;机械通气时间和用氧时间越长是患儿BPD严重程度的危险因素.因此,对于胎龄小于32周的极/超低出生体质量儿,应首选INSURE技术及无创通气,减少机械通气及用氧时间.     

LISA/MIST: Complex clinical problems almost never have easy solutions

Over the last 10 years, new techniques to administer surfactant have been promoted, based on their presumed lesser invasiveness and they have been generally called LISA (less invasive surfactant administration). We believe that the clinical potential of LISA techniques is currently overestimated. LISA lacks biological and pathophysiological background justifying its potential benefits. Moreover, LISA has been investigated in clinical trials without previous translational data and these trials are affected by significant flaws. The available data from these trials only allow to conclude that LISA is better than prolonged, unrestricted invasive ventilation with loosely described parameters, a mode of respiratory support that should be anyway avoided in preterm infants. We urge the conduction of high-quality studies to understand how to choose and titrate analgesia/sedation and optimize surfactant administration in preterm neonates. We offer a comprehensive, evidence-based review of the clinical data on LISA, their biases and the lack of physiopathology background.