高血压患者颈动脉内中膜厚度与血清C-反应蛋白的相关性研究

目的通过测定高血压病患者与健康正常人血清中C反应蛋白（CRP）浓度及颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT），探讨高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血清C反应蛋白的相关性。方法选择105例高血压病患者，其中男性55例，女性50例，平均年龄57．8±5．2岁，同时选择65例同期健康体检者作为对照组，其中男性36例，女性29例，平均年龄56．4±5．1岁，用免疫浊度法测定C反应蛋白（CRP）浓度，应用B型超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）及粥样斑块，然后分析C反应蛋白浓度变化与高血压病患者收缩压及舒张压的关系，C反应蛋白浓度与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）的关系。结果高血压病组CRP浓度、颈动脉内中膜厚度显著高于正常对照组，随着颈动脉内中膜增厚，C反应蛋白亦增高，各组之间差异均有显著性（P≤0．01）。结论高血压病患者血清C反应蛋白浓度增高与颈动脉内中膜厚度关系密切；C反应蛋白浓度与颈动脉内中膜厚度两者之间存在一定的相关性；高血压级别越高，IMT及CRP浓度越大，不同级别间的差异有显著性（P〈0．05），C反应蛋白如同TC、TG、IMT一样与高血压患者中的动脉粥样硬化程度有关，C反应蛋白浓度随着高血压级别增大有增高的趋势，炎症反应可能参与了高血压病的发生、发展；降低C反应蛋白浓度，抑制炎症反应可能阻止动脉粥样硬化进展。     

Antioxidant vitamins and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis : The perth carotid ultrasound disease assessment study (CUDAS)

OBJECTIVES

This study examined whether dietary intake or plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins were independently associated with common carotid artery intima-media (wall) thickness (IMT) or focal plaque, or both, in a large, randomly selected community population.

BACKGROUND

Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is thought to be important in early atherogenesis. Antioxidant micronutrients may therefore protect against lipid peroxidation and atherosclerotic vascular disease.

METHODS

We studied 1,111 subjects (558 men and 553 women; age 52 ± 13 years [mean ± SD], range 27 to 77). We measured dietary vitamin intake and fasting plasma levels of vitamins A, C and E, lycopene and alpha- and beta-carotene and performed bilateral carotid artery B-mode ultrasound imaging.

RESULTS

After adjustment for age and conventional risk factors, there was a progressive decrease in mean IMT, with increasing quartiles of dietary vitamin E intake in men (p = 0.02) and a nonsignificant trend in women (p = 0.10). Dietary vitamin E levels accounted for 1% of the variance in measured IMT in men. For plasma antioxidant vitamins, there was an inverse association between carotid artery mean IMT and plasma lycopene in women (p = 0.047), but not in men. None of the other dietary or plasma antioxidant vitamins, nor antioxidant vitamin supplements, were associated with carotid artery IMT or focal carotid artery plaque.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides limited support for the hypothesis that increased dietary intake of vitamin E and increased plasma lycopene may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis. No benefit was demonstrated for supplemental antioxidant vitamin use.     

Coronary artery calcification, serum lipids, lipoproteins, and peripheral inflammatory markers in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether coronary artery calcification (CAC), elevated fasting lipids, and lipoproteins and peripheral inflammatory markers are present in insulin-dependent diabetic adolescents and young adults several years after diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: Hispanic insulin-dependent diabetics (n = 32) diagnosed a mean of 7.8 +/- 4.5 years ago (range, 3 to 16 years), with a mean glycosylated hemoglobin concentration at the time of the study of 8.8% +/- 2.3% and a mean chronological age of 16.1 +/- 4.4 years, were evaluated. Healthy patients (n = 15) with a chronological age (CA) of 15.2 +/- 2.2 years served as control subjects. CAC was assessed by multiple slice computed tomography, and total CAC score in Agatston units was calculated. Fasting lipids, C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein (Apo) A, Apo B, and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) concentrations were measured in all subjects. RESULTS: Neither adolescents with type 1 diabetes nor healthy control subjects presented with evidence of CAC. Fasting lipids, Apo A, Apo B, CRP, and MMP-9 concentrations were similar between diabetic subjects and control subjects. However, 34.4% and 25.0% of our type 1 diabetic subjects had elevated total and LDL cholesterol levels (>200 and >130 mg/dL, respectively), whereas 15.6% and 28.1% had elevated triglyceride and Apo B concentrations (>150 mg/dL and >100 mg/dL, respectively). In addition, 28.1% and 34.4% presented with elevated CRP and MMP-9 levels (>2 mg/L and >80 ng/mL, respectively). Total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, Apo B, CRP, and MMP-9 concentrations correlated positively with duration of the disease and with glycosylated hemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Although the study adolescents with type 1 diabetes did not present any radiologic evidence of CAC at this stage of the disease, they remain a high-risk group for the development of microvascular and macrovascular artery disease, as risk factors such as elevated lipoproteins and proinflammatory markers are already present in a significant percentage of patients studied.     

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours of the maxillary sinus: A brief clinical report and review of the literature

Although inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMTs) have been accepted as a clonal neoplasm, their pathology is poorly understood due to variable presentation. There is no identifiable cause and they are usually observed as tumour growth combined with inflammation. In the current WHO classification, IMTs are designated as intermediate malignancies. In terms of biological potential, IMTs are classified under ‘rarely metastasizing’. IMTs are rare in the maxillary sinus but, when reported, can be locally aggressive or even destructive if they invade the orbit. The authors present a brief clinical report describing a five-year-old girl with a slow-growing mass in the right maxillary sinus extending into the lacrimal sac and its management.     

不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀对稳定性心绞痛患者hs__CRP、NT_ProBNP及血管IMT影响

目的：探讨不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀对稳定性心绞痛患者hs CRP、NT ProBNP及血管IMT影响。方法方便选取在2015年1—9月该院心内科收治的稳定性心绞痛患者为研究对象。按照入院顺序将稳定性心绞痛患者分为对照组和试验组，每组均45例，对照组服用瑞舒伐他汀10 mg；试验组服用瑞舒伐他汀40 mg。观察两组的心绞痛缓解效果及对血液中hs CRP、NT ProBNP及血管IMT指标影响。结果治疗后，试验组患者总有效率(93.33%）高于对照组(77.78%），治疗前，两组患者的hs CRP、NT ProBNP及血管IMT差异无统计学意义(P<0.05），治疗后试验组上述指标下降幅度均明显大于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05）。结论大剂量的瑞舒伐他汀治疗稳定性心绞痛患者具有显著疗效，能够降低hs CRP、NT ProBNP及血管IMT水平。     

Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Lessons Learned From the TODAY Study

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasingly diagnosed in obese children and adolescents. Evidence suggests that this disease commonly progresses more rapidly in youth compared with adults and is associated with high rates of early microalbuminuria, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study was the first multiethnic, multicenter randomized trial in the United States to compare 3 treatment approaches in obese youth with new-onset type 2 diabetes (n=699; ages 10-17 years): monotherapy with metformin, metformin with rosiglitazone, and metformin with an intensive lifestyle intervention. The primary outcome was glycemic control. Diabetes-related complications and cardiovascular risk factors were also examined. Approximately half of the participants could not maintain glycemic control by using metformin alone. Combination therapy with metformin and rosiglitazone resulted in better durability of glycemic control, and metformin plus intensive lifestyle intervention was intermediate but not superior to metformin alone. Deterioration in glycemic control was associated with rapid loss of beta cell function, not worsened insulin sensitivity, and could not be explained by differences in adherence or body mass index. After 3.9 years, 236 (33.8%) of participants had hypertension and 116 participants (16.6%) had microalbuminuria. Only 55.9% of participants had a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level less than 100 mg/dL (to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259) after 3 years, and 71 of 517 participants (13.7%) had retinopathy. The significance of the findings from this important trial for the management of youth and young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes and its complications is discussed. An aggressive multifaceted approach is needed to prevent or forestall premature microvascular and macrovascular complications in youth-onset type 2 diabetes.     

糖尿病肢体动脉闭塞症中医证型与股总动脉内—中膜厚度的相关性研究

目的探讨股总动脉内—中膜厚度等检测指标与糖尿病肢体动脉闭塞症(DAO)中医证型的相关性。方法把DAO患者分为血瘀证和湿热证两型,选取股总动脉内—中膜厚度(IMT)、股总动脉管腔内径、股总动脉管腔狭窄度、空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、血小板(PLT)、纤维蛋白原(Fg)等12项实验室相关指标及彩超检查情况,采用Logistic回归分析的方法初步探讨其与中医证型的相关性。结果筛选出对DAO中医证型贡献度大的优化指标,即IMT、Fg、TC、HDL,建立了最优回归预测方程。结论 IMT、Fg、TC、HDL可作为评定DAO中医证型的微观辨证参考指标。     

依折麦布对原发性高血压患者尿微量白蛋白和动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的观察依折麦布对无脂代谢紊乱的原发性高血压患者尿白蛋白/肌酐及动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法原发性高血压患者100例随机分为单用常规降压药物组(常规组,n=47)和常规降压药物+依折麦布(10～20 mg/d,睡前)组(联合组,n=53)。所有入选患者均在入选及随机治疗后10个月各测一次血压、尿白蛋白/肌酐、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及冠状动脉钙化积分(CS),对比分析组内治疗前后上述指标变化和两组间的差异。结果①常规组和联合组治疗前后收缩压和舒张压均有显著下降,分别为(165.3±10.2)、(91.4±7.2)vs(132.6±8.8)、(84.5±5.1)mmHg和(164.6±9.5)、(90.5±5.7)vs(127.1±8.2)、(80.1±4.9)mmHg;联合组治疗后血压下降幅度较常规组大[(36.6±3.5)、(10.5±1.6)vs(33.1±2.2)、(6.5±1.3)mmHg,p<0.05]。②联合组治疗10个月后,尿白蛋白/肌酐、颈动脉内膜中层厚度及冠状动脉钙化积分均有显著下降,分别为[(31.5±21.7)vs(23.1±19.7)mg/g、(0.94±0.31)vs(0.83±0.27)mm和(2.34±2.12)vs(1.70±1.67),p<0.01];而常规组治疗10个月后,尿白蛋白/肌酐、颈动脉内膜中层厚度及冠状动脉钙化积分CS与治疗前相比差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论在应用常规降压药物基础上加用依折麦布可使原发性高血压患者尿白蛋白/肌酐、颈动脉内膜中层厚度及冠状动脉钙化积分明显下降并进一步降低血压。