Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plaque in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been shown to predict cardiovascular (CV) risk in multiple large studies. Careful evaluation of CIMT studies reveals discrepancies in the comprehensiveness with which CIMT is assessed—the number of carotid segments evaluated (common carotid artery [CCA], internal carotid artery [ICA], or the carotid bulb), the type of measurements made (mean or maximum of single measurements, mean of the mean, or mean of the maximum for multiple measurements), the number of imaging angles used, whether plaques were included in the intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement, the report of adjusted or unadjusted models, risk association versus risk prediction, and the arbitrary cutoff points for CIMT and for plaque to predict risk. Measuring the far wall of the CCA was shown to be the least variable method for assessing IMT. However, meta-analyses suggest that CCA-IMT alone only minimally improves predictive power beyond traditional risk factors, whereas inclusion of the carotid bulb and ICA-IMT improves prediction of both cardiac risk and stroke risk. Carotid plaque appears to be a more powerful predictor of CV risk compared with CIMT alone. Quantitative measures of plaques such as plaque number, plaque thickness, plaque area, and 3-dimensional assessment of plaque volume appear to be progressively more sensitive in predicting CV risk than mere assessment of plaque presence. Limited data show that plaque characteristics including plaque vascularity may improve CV disease risk stratification further. IMT measurement at the CCA, carotid bulb, and ICA that allows inclusion of plaque in the IMT measurement or CCA-IMT measurement along with plaque assessment in all carotid segments is emerging as the focus of carotid artery ultrasound imaging for CV risk prediction.     

妊娠高血压及先兆子痫孕妇胎盘发育不全的相关因素分析*

【摘要】 目的 探讨妊娠高血压（GH）及先兆子痫（PE）孕妇胎盘发育不全的相关因素分析。 方法 选择2017年2月～2019年2月本院收治的23例妊娠期高血压孕妇（GH组）、23例先兆子痫孕妇（PE组）及26例同期就诊的正常孕妇（对照组）为研究对象。采用自由基分析系统4分析活性氧代谢物（d-ROM）和血清生物抗氧化剂（BAP）的血清衍生物。ELISA试剂盒测定可溶性Fms样酪氨酸激酶-1（sFlt-1）和胎盘生长因子（PlGF）的血清浓度。多普勒超声测量肱动脉血流介导的血管舒张（FMD）和颈动脉的内膜中层厚度（IMT）。免疫组织化学分析8-羟基-2′-脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）、氧化还原因子-1（ref-1）、缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）。 结果 GH组和PE组妊娠期间收缩压和舒张压均显著升高,GH组和PE组分娩后1年收缩压显著升高,且GH组较PE组更高;GH组分娩后1年舒张压显著升高（P＜0.05）。GH组和PE组母体血清d ROM、BAP浓度显著升高,且GH组BAP浓度较PE组更高（P＜0.05）;与GH组和对照组比较,PE组的母体血清sFlt-1浓度及sFlt-1/P1GF比例显著升高（P＜0.05）;GH组和PE组母体血清PlGF浓度显著降低,且PE组较GH组更低（P＜0.05）。GH组和PE组中HIF-1α、8-OHdG阳性细胞核的比例显著升高,且PE组与GH组相比更高;与PE组和对照组比较,GH组中ref 1阳性细胞核的比例显著升高（P＜0.05）。GH组和PE组的FMD显著降低,IMT显著升高,且GH组IMT显著高于PE组（P＜0.05）。 结论 PE患者胎盘缺氧变化和DNA氧化损伤严重,并伴有抗血管生成因子的增加,且GH患者的母体器质性血管紊乱比PE患者更为严重。     

丹蒌片联合比索洛尔治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床研究

目的探讨丹蒌片联合比索洛尔治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效。方法选取2015年2月—2018年2月于天津市第三中心医院收治的冠心病心绞痛患者104例作为研究对象,随机分成对照组和治疗组,每组各52例。对照组口服富马酸比索洛尔片,1片/次,1次/d。治疗组患者在对照组治疗基础上口服丹蒌片,5片/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗6周。观察两组患者的临床疗效标准和心电图疗效,比较两组患者ADL评分、硝酸甘油用量、颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT值)、血清指标的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的临床总有效率分别是76.92%、92.31%;心电图总有效率分别是82.69%、96.15%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者ADL评分均显著升高,而硝酸甘油用量及颈动脉IMT值均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组ADL评分显著高于对照组,而硝酸甘油用量及颈动脉IMT值低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清可溶性CD105(sCD105)、P选择素及氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平均较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组这些血清学指标显著低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论丹蒌片联合比索洛尔治疗冠心病心绞痛疗效显著,能显著改善患者生活质量水平,改善血清学相关指标,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in systemic lupus erythematosus patients without cardiac involvement; relation to disease activity,damage and intima-media thickness

Aim of the workTo assess the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP level) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients without cardiac involvement and find its relation with clinical and laboratory findings, disease activity, damage index and intima-media thickness (IMT).Patients and methodsForty-five female SLE patients were recruited in the present study without any cardiac involvement. History taking, examination and laboratory investigations were performed for patients. Disease activity was evaluated by the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and damage by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) index. Thirty age matched female healthy subjects were considered as a control group. hs-CRP was measured quantitatively by microplate immunoenzymometric assay and the IMT measured by ultrasonography.ResultsThe hs-CRP in the patients was significantly higher (4.84 ± 3.91 mg/l) compared to the control (1.74 ± 0.61 mg/l) (p < 0.001). The IMT in the patients was significantly increased (0.72 ± 0.37 mm) compared to the control (0.54 ± 0.15 mm) (p 0.004). There was no difference in the level of hs-CRP according to the presence or absence of clinical manifestations. However, it was significantly higher in those with positive DNA (5.71 ± 4.36 mg/L) compared to those with negative results (3.12 ± 1.97 mg/L) (p 0.009). There was a significant correlation of the hs-CRP level with the IMT (r 0.49, p 0.001) and SLEDAI (r 0.67, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that SLE patients without traditional major cardiovascular risk factors may have increased risk of future cardiac events. Measuring hs-CRP may be useful as a marker of disease activity, increased IMT and subclinical atherosclerosis in SLE especially those with positive ds-DNA.     

灯盏生脉胶囊联合奥拉西坦治疗轻中度血管性痴呆的疗效观察

目的 探讨灯盏生脉胶囊联合奥拉西坦注射液治疗轻中度血管性痴呆的疗效。方法 选取濮阳市人民医院2012年1月—2015年3月收治的轻中度血管性痴呆患者90例,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组(45例)和对照组(45例)。所有患者均给予常规降血脂、抗血小板聚集治疗,对照组给予静脉滴注奥拉西坦注射液4 g,加入到0.9%生理盐水500 mL,1次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服灯盏生脉胶囊,2粒/次,1次/d。两组均连续治疗12周。治疗前后采用简易智能精神状态量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评价患者认知功能;采用日常生活能力量表(ADL)评价患者日常生活自理能力;比较两组患者血管内中膜厚度(IMT)。结果 治疗后2、4、12周,两组MMSE、MoCA评分均显著上升(P< 0.05),且治疗组MMSE、MoCA评分显著高于对照组(P< 0.05);治疗后2、4、12周,两组ADL评分均显著升高(P< 0.05),且治疗组ADL评分显著高于对照组(P< 0.05)。治疗后两组IMT均显著降低(P< 0.05),且治疗组IMT显著低于对照组(P< 0.05)。结论 灯盏生脉胶囊联合奥拉西坦注射液治疗轻中度血管性痴呆疗效确切,可显著改善患者的认知功能和日常生活行为,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Mean platelet volume and coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Platelets with high hemostatic activity play an important role in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease(CAD) and mean platelet volume(MPV) has been proposed as an indicator of platelet reactivity. Thus, MPV may emerge as a potential marker of CAD risk. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing mean difference in MPV between patients with CAD and controls and pooling the odds ratio of CAD in those with high versus low MPV.

Methods

Medline and Scopus databases were searched up to 12 March 2013. All observational studies that considered MPV as a study's factor and measured CAD as an outcome were included. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and extracted the data.

Results

Forty studies were included in this meta-analysis. The MPV was significantly larger in patients with CAD than controls with the unstandardized mean difference of 0.70 fL (95% CI: 0.55, 0.85). The unstandardized mean difference of MPV in patients with acute coronary event and in patients with chronic stable angina was 0.84 fL (95% CI: 0.63, 1.04) and 0.46 fL (95% CI: 0.11, 0.81) respectively. Patients with larger MPV (≥ 7.3 fL) also had a greater odds of having CAD than patients with smaller MPV with a pooled odds ratio of 2.28 (95% CI: 1.46, 3.58).

Conclusion

Larger MPV was associated with CAD. Thus, it might be helpful in risk stratification, or improvement of risk prediction if combining it with other risk factors in risk prediction models.     

原发性高血压患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度与左室重构的关系

目的 探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)与左室重构的关系.方法 超声检查58例EH患者和30例健康对照者的颈动脉IMT和超声心动图;分析EH患者颈动脉IMT与超声心动图参数之间的相关性.结果 EH左室重构组IMT值高于EH正常构型组和健康对照组;EH患者颈动脉IMT值与左室重量指数(LVMI)和平均室壁厚度(WT)呈正相关.结论 高血压左室重构者颈动脉IMT增加:原发性高血压患者颈动脉IMT与左心室结构改变相关.     

松龄血脉康联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗H型高血压颈动脉粥样硬化疗效观察

目的 观察松龄血脉康联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗H型高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化的疗效.方法 入选2011-2013年我院神经内科、心血管内科门诊及病房确诊的168例H型高血压患者,随机分为治疗组86例和对照组82例.两组均口服瑞舒伐他汀片（10 mg,每晚1次）和苯磺酸氨氯地平片联合叶酸片（5 mg/0.4 mg,1次/d）,治疗组在此基础上加用松龄血脉康胶囊治疗（1.5 g/次,3次/d）,观察12个月.两组采用相同方法测量血压,治疗前、后分别检测患者颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度（IMT）、血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）值、血压和血脂等.结果 对照组治疗后IMT值[（1.16±0.16）mm比（1.27±0.23）mm]和颈动脉异常率[60％比69％]均有所下降;治疗组治疗后IMT值[（1.08 ±0.13）mm比（1.30±0.21）mm]和颈动脉异常率[52％比70％]较治疗前下降更为明显（P均＜0.05）,两组相比差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 松龄血脉康联合瑞舒伐他汀较单用瑞舒伐他汀治疗H型高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）有更好的临床疗效.     

代谢综合征常见中医证型与高敏C反应蛋白及颈动脉内中膜厚度的相关研究

目的 研究代谢综合征(MS)患者常见中医证型与高敏C反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)及颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)的关系,为其分型及防治提供依据.方法 选择80例Ms患者,中医辨证分为肝火亢盛型、痰湿壅盛型、气阴两虚型、阴阳两虚型、痰瘀互结型;另设正常对照组20例.入院当日测定空腹血糖(FPG)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、空腹血清HS-CRP、血清胰岛素(FINS),计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI),并测定身高、体重、腰围、血压,计算体重指数(BMI).采用多普勒超声诊断仪扫查双侧颈总动脉、颈内动脉,测量血管内径及IMT.结果 MS各证型患者Hs-CRP显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01),其程度依次为:气阴两虚＞阴阳两虚＞痰瘀互结＞痰湿壅盛＞肝火亢盛.MS患者颈动脉IMT显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),其升高程度在中医各证型中依次为阴阳两虚＞气阴两虚＞痰瘀互结＞痰湿壅盛＞肝火亢盛.结论 Hs-CRP、IMT水平可作为MS中医辨证分型的重要指标.