甲状腺功能亢进患者骨代谢指标和甲状腺激素水平变化及其临床意义

为探讨甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)患者骨代谢指标与甲状腺激素水平的变化, 本文对70例甲亢患者及60名健康对照者采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定了Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端肽(ICTP), 全自动微粒子化学发光分析法测定了骨碱性磷酸酶(BAP)及甲状腺激素(T3、T4、FT3、FT4)水平, 同时用二维骨密度仪测定骨密度(BMD).结果表明: 甲亢患者血清BAP、ICTP与甲状腺激素水平均明显高于健康对照组(P均小于0.01), 骨密度(BMD)则显著低于健康对照组(P＜0.01).相关分析显示, 甲亢患者血清BAP、ICTP水平与BMD呈明显负相关(r分别为-0.298和-0.276, P＜0.05), 与T3呈正相关(r分别为0.452和0.531,P＜0.01), 与T4亦呈正相关(r分别为0.419和0.398, P＜0.01).提示甲亢患者骨转换增强, 并以骨吸收增加更为显著, 与甲亢时甲状腺激素分泌过多有关. 定量检测血清BAP、ICTP水平对于甲亢代谢性骨病的诊断、病情研究均有重要的临床价值.     

Using uncertain data from body-worn sensors to gain insight into type 1 diabetes

The amount of observational data available for research is growing rapidly with the rise of electronic health records and patient-generated data. However, these data bring new challenges, as data collected outside controlled environments and generated for purposes other than research may be error-prone, biased, or systematically missing. Analysis of these data requires methods that are robust to such challenges, yet methods for causal inference currently only handle uncertainty at the level of causal relationships – rather than variables or specific observations. In contrast, we develop a new approach for causal inference from time series data that allows uncertainty at the level of individual data points, so that inferences depend more strongly on variables and individual observations that are more certain. In the limit, a completely uncertain variable will be treated as if it were not measured. Using simulated data we demonstrate that the approach is more accurate than the state of the art, making substantially fewer false discoveries. Finally, we apply the method to a unique set of data collected from 17 individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in free-living conditions over 72 h where glucose levels, insulin dosing, physical activity and sleep are measured using body-worn sensors. These data often have high rates of error that vary across time, but we are able to uncover the relationships such as that between anaerobic activity and hyperglycemia. Ultimately, better modeling of uncertainty may enable better translation of methods to free-living conditions, as well as better use of noisy and uncertain EHR data.     

Effects of testosterone on body composition of the aging male

The aging process is accompanied by significant changes in body composition characterized by decreased fat free mass and increased and redistributed fat mass. Muscle loss results from the atrophy of muscle fibers and decreased synthesis of muscle proteins. Increased number of adipocytes and fat accumulation in non-adipose tissue leads to adiposity. These changes can impose functional limitations and increase morbidity. In men, declining testosterone levels that occur with aging can be a contributing factor to these changes. Studies in hypogonadal men have shown that testosterone replacement is effective in increasing muscle mass and strength and decreasing fat mass. The molecular mechanisms of testosterone's influence on muscle and adipose are not fully elucidated. However, testosterone appears to stimulate IGF-1 expression directly and indirectly leading to increased muscle protein synthesis and growth. It may also counter the inhibitory effects of myostatin, cytokines, and glucocorticoids. The predominant effects of testosterone on fat mass are increased lipolysis and decreased adipogenesis. Current evidence suggests that testosterone replacement may be effective in reversing age-dependent body composition changes and associated morbidity. However, hypogonadism must be diagnosed carefully, and therapy should be monitored regularly in order to avoid the adverse effects associated with testosterone supplementation.     

肝纤维化指标在甲亢病中应用的探讨

探讨肝纤维化指标在甲亢中的应用.对照组55名(男29名,女26名);甲亢组为经131I治疗ATD治疗后患者共173例(男58例,女115例),用RIA测定甲状腺功能及肝纤维化指标.结果提示,甲亢患者血清PCⅢ、Ⅳ·C水平显著增高,并与TT3、TT4、FT3和FT4的增高一致;血清PCⅢ、Ⅳ·C水平与甲状腺肿大呈明显正相关;甲亢患者PCⅢ、Ⅳ·C阳性率(%)与甲状腺功能指标的阳性率(%)相符.本文认为PCⅢ、Ⅳ·C可作为甲亢的诊断和疗效观察新的辅助指标之一.     

原发性甲状腺功能亢进症外科治疗的技术改进研究

目的 利用特殊手术器材和相应的操作技巧,提高原发性甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)外 科治疗的手术质量.方法 借助MPBS系列器材的深部照明设备和彭氏刮吸解剖技术完成504例原发性甲亢的甲状腺次全切除术.结果 手术时间(50±20)min,术中出血量(60±30)ml,住院时间(5±1)d.手术切口细小隐蔽,瘢痕平整.术后出现短暂性声音嘶哑和饮水呛咳各2例.未出现围手术期甲亢危象病例.482例随访(5±3)年,1例复发,2例出现轻度甲状腺功能减低.全组无手术死亡病例.结论 MPBS器材和彭氏刮吸解剖技术在原发性甲亢外科治疗中的应用安全可靠,具有术中出血少、手术时间短、切口小、副损伤少的临床效果.     

Juvenile hemochromatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with a novel mutation in the HJV gene

Juvenile hemochromatosis is a rare but the most severe form of hereditary hemochromatosis which develops due to mutations in the HJV or HAMP genes. It presents in the early adulthood mainly as cardiomyopathy, hypogonadism and liver fibrosis. Unlike hereditary hemochromatosis due to HFE mutation, hepatocellular carcinoma is not known to be associated with juvenile hemochromatosis. Here, we report a patient of Arab ancestry who presented with severe cardiomyopathy. Sequence analysis of the HJV gene followed by homozygosity mapping, identified a previously undescribed homozygous missense variation in exon 3 (c.497A > G; p.H166R) in both the proband and his clinically asymptomatic brother. The former, later developed hepatocellular carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, neither the mutation identified in our patient, nor a case of juvenile hemochromatosis with hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported before.     

育龄期女性骨代谢与碘摄入过量及甲状腺功能亢进之间的关系研究

目的 观察伴有碘摄入过量或伴有甲状腺功能亢进育龄期女性骨密度及骨代谢指标的变化,探讨碘摄入量及甲状腺功能对育龄期女性骨密度及骨代谢指标的影响.方法 从2500例体检育龄期女性汇总筛选出30例健康育龄期女性,30例伴有甲状腺功能亢进育龄期女性,和30例伴有碘摄入过量育龄期女性,该三种不同状态育龄期女性分别归为对照组、甲亢组和碘摄入过量组.采用双能X线检测仪检测了各组育龄期女性骨密度(BMD)及血清骨代谢指标[骨碱性磷酸酶(BAKP)、骨钙素(OSC)、I型胶原交联羧基末端肽(ICTP)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)和25-(OH) D]的变化.结果 与对照组相比,甲亢组及碘摄入过量组腰椎(L2-4)和右侧桡骨中远1/3处的BMD水平均显著降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,甲亢组ICTP、BAKP与OSC均显著增加(P< 0.05),碘摄入过量组的ICTP、BAKP、OSC水平则均显著降低(P<0.05),但两组的25-(OH) D和PTH水平无明显改变(P>0.05).结论 伴有碘摄入过量及甲状腺功能亢进的育龄期女性无继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进,无维生素D代谢异常,但有骨代谢失衡(即骨吸收与骨形成失衡)及骨密度降低异常.临床上育龄期女性若出现甲亢或长期碘摄入过量时,应提早治疗或调整以防止骨密度降低即骨质疏松的发生.     

效度概念新认识

本文主要讨论了效度概念的演变和存在的问题、效度概念新认识及如何寻找效度三个问题。效度概念的发展从内容效度、预测效度、构想效度和同时效度并存发展到现在由构想效度涵盖了其它所有效度。但一直以来,把效度概念作为一个法理学网络来理解,造成了我们对效度概念理解的很多误区。事实上效度概念是一种本体论的观点,重视现实参照并依据因果关系。我们应该通过建立一个理论假设、形成一个测验和确定测量的属性来寻找效度。     

Outcome of radioiodine therapy without, on or 3 days off carbimazole: a prospective interventional three-group comparison

Purpose Carbimazole ameliorates hyperthyroidism but reduces radioiodine uptake and adversely affects the outcome of simultaneous radioiodine therapy. We explored whether withdrawal of carbimazole for 3 days can restore the outcome of radioiodine treatment without concurrent exacerbation of hyperthyroidism. By generating three groups with comparable radioiodine uptake, we also investigated whether the effect of carbimazole depends on the radioiodine uptake.Methods Stratified by a radioiodine uptake >30%, 227 consecutive adult patients were prospectively assigned to radioiodine therapy (target dose 200 Gy) without, on or 3 days off carbimazole. Patients were clinically (Crooks-Wayne score) and biochemically (T₃, fT₄, TSH) followed up after 3, 6 and 12 months. Primary endpoint was outcome 12 months after radioiodine therapy.Results A total of 207 patients completed follow-up (toxic nodular goitre, n=117; Graves’ disease, n=90). The overall success rate was 71.5%. Patients without and 3 days off carbimazole had similar biochemical (81.4% and 83.3%, respectively; p=0.82) and clinical outcomes [median (range) Crooks-Wayne score 0 (0–16) and 1 (0–10), respectively; p=0.73], which were both higher than in patients on carbimazole [42.6%, p<0.001; Crooks-Wayne score 3 (0–30), p<0.03]. Time to achieve cure was delayed on carbimazole. No changes in thyroid hormone levels occurred after 3 days’ discontinuation of carbimazole. Logistic regression revealed that all observed cure rates were independent of entity, sex, age, thyroid volume, radioiodine uptake, radioiodine half-life, fT₄, T₃ and TSH.Conclusion Patients under carbimazole treatment can be referred for radioiodine therapy after withdrawal of carbimazole for only 3 days. Three days of carbimazole withdrawal is long enough to restore the success of radioiodine therapy and short enough to avoid the risk of exacerbation of hyperthyroidism.     

131Ⅰ治疗非Graves'甲状腺功能亢进及非毒性甲状腺肿后诱发Graves'病

~(131)I治疗非Graves’甲亢及非毒性甲状腺肿后数月,少部分患者体内出现促甲状腺激素受体抗体并诱发Graves’病(GD),发病率在0．05%～5%之间。其发病机制假说有通过自身免疫反应介导等。通过监测体内甲状腺自身抗体水平变化、甲状腺显像,可以预测~(131)I治疗后GD的发生。其治疗方法有抗甲状腺药物治疗、再次放射性~(131)I治疗、手术治疗。