氢化泼尼松缓释注射剂研究

目的 应用天然可降解高分子材料为基质，制备可注射氢化泼尼松缓释注射剂。方法 采用胶原、壳聚糖、明胶三种天然生物高分子材料，通过复合乳化-交联法制备氢化泼尼松微胶囊缓释注射剂。结果 在显微镜下观察所制备的含药微胶囊，呈密封球状，微胶囊中心含有针状药物晶体，微胶囊平均粒径66．2μm。结论 三种天然高分子材料制备的微胶囊可成功包裹氢化泼尼松，并具有适用注射的粒径。     

氢化可的松治疗重症急性胰腺炎的实验研究

目的探讨氢化可的松对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的治疗作用及作用机制.方法 54只健康SD大鼠随机分为3组:假手术(SO)组、SAP组及氢化可的松治疗组.采用经十二指肠胰胆管逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠诱导大鼠SAP模型.氢化可的松治疗组于模型制作成功后10 min给予舌下静脉注射氢化可的松(10 mg/kg).各组于术后3 h、6 h和12 h分批处死动物,观察各组大鼠血浆淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6、血栓素B2(TXB2)、6-酮前列腺素F1α(6-Keto-PGF1α)、TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α比值、胰腺及肺组织病理变化、组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)及肺湿干比值的变化.结果 SAP组血浆淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6、TXB2、TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α比值、胰腺及肺组织MPO均较SO组明显升高(P＜0.05),6 h、12 h肺湿干比值较SO组明显升高(P＜0.05),氢化可的松治疗组血浆淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6、TXB2、TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α比值、肺组织MPO均较SAP组显著降低(P＜0.05),6 h、12 h肺湿干比值较SAP组明显降低(P＜0.05),肺组织病理损伤较SAP组明显减轻.结论氢化可的松可减少TXA2、TNF-α、IL-6等炎症因子的产生等从而对SAP具有重要的治疗保护作用.     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸达克罗宁乳膏含量

目的:建立盐酸达克罗宁乳膏中盐酸达克罗宁含量测定的高效液相色谱法。方法:采用C18色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0．02 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾(用磷酸调pH至3．0)(60:40),检测波长为282 nm,流速为0．9 ml·min-1。结果:盐酸达克罗宁浓度在9．98-49．90 mg·L-1范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0．999 9),平均回收率为98．55％(RSD％为1．19％)。结论:本法简便、快捷,结果准确,适用于该制剂的质量分析检验。     

达克宁霜剂用于小儿尿布皮炎的观察

目的：探讨达克宁霜剂用于尿布皮炎的护理与防治。方法：将52例尿布皮炎患儿按1：1随机分组,分为治疗组（达克宁霜剂组）和对照组（鞣酸软膏组）。治疗组采用每次更换尿布后,温水清洗臀部,达克宁霜剂涂擦,均匀覆盖在患处皮肤;对照组采用鞣酸软膏涂擦患处。两组分别在治疗护理7日后观察疗效。结果：统计学分析,卡方检验P〈0.05,两组患儿的疗效和恢复时间均有显著差异;达克宁霜剂组总有效率好于鞣酸软膏组。结论：应用达克宁霜剂涂擦患处,在促进患儿康复、减轻痛苦、缩短病程、简单适用等方面,优于传统方法。     

Effect of corticosteroids in the hippocampus on passive avoidance behavior in the rat

The site of action of corticosteroids in avoidance learning was investigated in 110 rats. Injection of cycloheximide, 30 min before one-trial training on a passive avoidance task suppressed corticosteroid secretion in response to footshock, and produced an avoidance deficit in a test 6 days later. However, an additional injection of hydrocortisone, either subcutaneously or intra-hippocampally within 5 min of training, restored the avoidance response in the test. Septal and hypothalamic injections of the hormone were ineffective in reversing the cycloheximide effect, whereas the effect of hormone injection into the amygdala was equivocal because of an increased level of activity. Corticosteroids secreted following an aversive experience appear to act upon the steroid-sensitive neurons in the hippocampus to influence the animal's later performance of passive avoidance response.     

脐血清皮质醇和硫化脱氢表雄酮在足月分娩时的作用

目的　探讨脐血清皮质醇和硫化脱氢表雄酮在足月分娩时的作用。方法　采用放射免疫法测定 10 0例足月分娩新生儿脐血清中皮质醇和硫化脱氢表雄酮的含量 ,其中A组 18例 ,为无阵痛、选择性剖宫产产妇 ;B组 10例 ,为潜伏期剖宫产产妇 ;C组 12例 ,为活跃期剖宫产产妇 ;D组 60例 ,为阴道分娩产妇。结果　 (1)新生儿脐血清皮质醇含量随孕周增加而增加 ,至 3 9周时脐血清皮质醇含量达峰值 ,为 (2 86± 5 0 ) μg/L ,42周时 ,皮质醇含量下降 ,接近孕 3 7周水平 (194± 70 ) μg/L ,血清硫化脱氢表雄酮含量变化与之相平行 ,两者呈正相关 [相关系数 (r) =0 .46,P <0 .0 5 ]。 (2 )A、B、C组随着产程进展 ,皮质醇含量增加 ,硫化脱氢表雄酮含量不增加。 (3 )D组新生儿脐血清皮质醇含量较其他 3组高 (P <0 .0 1)。硫化脱氢表雄酮含量变化无差异。结论　脐血清皮质醇和硫化脱氢表雄酮在分娩发动和加速中起着重要作用     

高效液相色谱法测定三黄乳膏中黄芩苷的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定三黄乳膏中黄芩苷含量的方法。方法采用Dikma C18（5μm，250mm×4．6mm）色谱柱；流动相为甲醇-水-磷酸（47：53：0．2）；检测波长为277nm。结果黄芩苷在0．40—2．40μg／ml浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0．9998 n=6），精密度高，RSD：0．66％，平均回收率98．34％。结论该方法简便，结果准确，重现性好，可作为三黄乳膏的质量控制方法。     

克霉唑乳膏微生物限度检测方法的验证

目的考察微生物限度检查法中克霉唑乳膏的抑菌作用,并建立克霉唑乳膏的微生物限度检查方法。方法使用常规法、稀释法、薄膜过滤法对样品进行验证,采用人工加入5种阳性对照菌,观察药物对不同阳性菌的抑制作用并观察其回收率来确定适宜的检验方法。结果克霉唑乳膏对细菌有不同抑制作用,对霉菌及酵母菌抑菌作用强,必须采用离心集菌薄膜过滤法才能彻底消除其抑菌作用。结论该法可用于克霉唑乳膏的微生物限度检查。     

Dietary resistant starch and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases

These studies were performed to test the benefit of resistant starch on ulcerative colitis via prebiotic and butyrate effects. Butyrate, propionate, and acetate are produced in the colon of mammals as a result of microbial fermentation of resistant starch and other dietary fibers. Butyrate plays an important role in the colonic mucosal growth and epithelial proliferation. A reduction in the colonic butyrate level induces chronic mucosal atrophy. Short-chain fatty acid enemas increase mucosal generation, crypt length, and DNA content of the colonocytes. They also ameliorate symptoms of ulcerative colitis in human patients and rats injected with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Butyrate, and also to a lesser degree propionate, are substrates for the aerobic energy metabolism, and trophic factors of the colonocytes. Adverse butyrate effects occur in normal and neoplastic colonic cells. In normal cells, butyrate induces proliferation at the crypt base, while inhibiting proliferation at the crypt surface. In neoplastic cells, butyrate inhibits DNA synthesis and arrests cell growth in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The improvement of the TNBS-induced colonic inflammation occurred earlier in the resistant starch (RS)-fed rats than in the RS-free group. This benefit coincided with activation of colonic epithelial cell proliferation and the subsequent restoration of apoptosis. The noncollagenous basement membrane protein laminin was regenerated initially in the RS-fed group, demonstrating what could be a considered lower damage to the intestinal barrier function. The calculation of intestinal short-chain fatty acid absorption confirmed this conclusion. The uptake of short-chain fatty acids in the colon is strongly inhibited in the RS-free group, but only slightly reduced in the animals fed with RS. Additionally, RS enhanced the growth of intestinal bacteria assumed to promote health. Further studies involving patients suffering from ulcerative colitis are necessary to determine the importance of RS in the therapy of a number of intestinal diseases and the maintenance of health. Accepted: 11 August 1999     

Subchronic hydrocortisone treatment alters auditory evoked potentials in normal subjects

RATIONALE: Abnormalities of cortical evoked potentials and background electroencephalographic (EEG) frequencies occur in several psychiatric disorders, some of which, especially depression, are associated with hypercortisolaemia. However, there have been few investigations of the effects of exogenously administered cortisol on waking EEG measures. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of subchronic hydrocortisone administration on auditory evoked potentials and background EEG activity. METHODS: Hydrocortisone, 20 mg twice daily, or placebo was administered to 30 normal male volunteers for 7 days in a between-subjects, double-blind trial. Auditory evoked potentials and EEG frequencies were measured on the last day. RESULTS: Hydrocortisone significantly increased the amplitudes of the N1P2 and P300 components of the auditory evoked response, but there was no change in background EEG. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that subchronic hydrocortisone treatment in normal subjects increases the amplitude of auditory evoked potentials, possibly reflecting a central alerting effect.