125例慢性乙肝病毒感染住院患者临床特征分析

目的通过调查分析某院慢性HBV感染住院患者的临床特征,为制定传染病防制对策提供参考依据。方法采用回顾性描述研究的方法,调查患者的一般情况、临床表现、病程、外周血血小板检测结果等。结果慢性乙肝的发病年龄以20~35岁居多,肝硬化和肝癌均在35岁以上;临床表现:慢性乙肝以乏力、纳差为主,肝硬化除乏力纳差外,腹胀明显,肝癌除乏力外,肝区痛较为突出;三者均有不同程度的外周血血小板减少,特别是肝硬化患者血小板减少最为明显。结论慢性HBV感染危害大,应积极推广成年人乙肝疫苗的预防接种;定期作好健康体检,及早诊断,及时治疗,以阻断HBV的持续感染。     

HD转基因大鼠兴奋毒性的敏感性

目的观察BNX小鼠生物学特性及肿瘤生长转移情况,为BNX小鼠的推广与应用提供基础资料。方法应用定期测定BNX小鼠体重、统计繁殖特性和检测BNX小鼠血液生理与生化指标的方法,初步探索BNX小鼠的生物学特性;应用原位移植和皮下移植的方法分别研究BNX小鼠在人胃癌(MKN-45)和人黑色素瘤(SCI-375)肿瘤动物模型研究中的应用。结果4～30周龄BNX小鼠的体重性别间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);外周血常规指标中BNX小鼠的白细胞数只及正常小鼠的25%,而外周血清生化指标与正常小鼠相比没有明显的差异;人胃癌(MKN-45)BNX小鼠原位移植瘤模型和人黑色素瘤(SCI-375)BNX小鼠皮下移植瘤模型的转移率分别高于T细胞免疫缺陷的裸小鼠和T、B细胞联合免疫缺陷的SCID小鼠。结论BNX小鼠比一般的免疫缺陷动物更适合应用于肿瘤转移模型的研究。     

133例卵巢肿瘤临床分析

目的:探讨卵巢肿瘤的临床特点及组织发生学特征。方法:对1998年1月~2004年12月收治的133例卵巢肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析;结果:卵巢肿瘤发生年龄以20~40岁多见,多为良性;与产次关系密切,产次少的发生率明显升高;133例卵巢肿瘤中,上皮性肿瘤45例,占33.83%,生殖细胞肿瘤38例,占28.57%,性索间质肿瘤9例,占6.77%,瘤样病变41例,占30.83%。其中恶性卵巢肿瘤14例,占10.53%,5例发生转移。误诊3例,占2.26%。结论:妊娠对卵巢有一定的保护作用;详细询问病史可减少误诊率;约每8例卵巢肿瘤中1例为恶性,应引起注意;恶性卵巢肿瘤主要转移至大网膜、肠系膜。     

男男性接触者性伴网络特征与HIV传播

目的了解男男性接触者（MSM）性伴网络特征,探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒/性传播疾病（HIV/STDs）从该人群向普通人群传播的途径,为开展HIV/STDs的预防与控制提供依据.方法以同性恋酒吧为研究现场,以其中男男性接触者为对象进行匿名问卷调查.调查内容包括社会人口学特征、HIV/STDs感染状况、性伴类型及数量等.结果某市酒吧中MSM的HIV和STDs感染报告率分别为3.4%和10.3%;多性伴现象在MSM中普遍存在,且性伴类型广泛.在最近2个月中,50.0%的MSM有同性偶然性伴,17.8%有同性商业性伴,63.8%目前有同性固定性伴.曾有过异性性伴者为55.7%.拥有3种类型性伴者为19.5%,4种类型性伴者为12.6%.拥有不同类型性伴的MSM亚群之间相互关联,核心亚群为拥有异性性伴和拥有同性商业性伴亚群.结论 MSM以多维的性伴网络相互连接,不仅在MSM人群内部具有HIV/STDs的多向传播通道,而且已经形成了向普通人群传播的桥梁.     

The value of pulse wave velocity in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease

Objective: Using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve to evaluate the value of pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: By using coronary angiography as golden diagnostic standard of CHD, 218 patients were divided into both CHD group (n=121) and non-CHD group (n = 97). All these patients received PWV test. The efficacy of PWV of each artery segments in the diagnosis of CHD was evaluated by ROC curve. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated with the golden diagnostic standard of CHD. Results:The PWV of right carotid to femoral artery (Rc-f), left carotid to femoral artery (Lc-f), right radial to carotid artery (Rc-r), left radial to carotid artery (Lc-r) in CHD group were significantly higher than that of non-CHD group (9. 31±1. 75 vs 7.60±1.59, P<0. 01; 9. 02±1.71 vs 7. 52±1.50, P<0. 01; 8. 69±1. 37 vs 8. 00±1. 27, P<0. 01; 8.52±1. 03 vs 8. 03±1. 2, P<0. 01 respectively). However, the PWV of both right and left femoral to ankle artery (Rf-a and Lf-a) had no significant differences between the two groups. We then compared the area under curve (AUC) of each ROC(AUCROC) of PWV of Rc-f, Lc-f Rc-r and Lc-r to evaluate their diagnostic efficacy for CHD. We found that AUCROC of Rc-f PWV was the biggest (AUCROC = 0. 818), at the peak point of its ROC curve, the PWV was 8. 32 m/s. PWV>8. 32 m/s of Rc-f could predict the presence of CHD with a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 77%. Conclusion: The PWV of Rc-f, Lc-f, Rc-r, Lc-r are significantly higher in CHD group than that in non-CHD group, and PWV of Rc-f is the most accurate in the detection of CHD. The PWV>8. 32 m/s of RC-F is a valuable predictor of CHD.     

ALK阳性间变性大细胞淋巴瘤临床病理研究进展

约半数的间变性大细胞淋巴瘤（ALCL）病人中存在间变性淋巴瘤激酶（ALK）基因异常，ALK蛋白的异常激活使ALK阳性ALCL具有其典型的临床病理特征，并为ALK阳性ALCL的治疗提供新的靶点，提示ALK阳性ALCL的淋巴瘤可归类为一独立病种。     

莲子心中酚性生物碱3种主要成分定量分析及其特征图谱研究

目的:建立同时测定莲子心中酚性生物碱:莲心碱、异莲心碱、甲基莲心碱含量的RP-HPLC法以及酚性生物碱的特征图谱.方法:采用RP-HPLC法,流动相为乙腈-水-三乙胺(25∶75∶0.1,用磷酸调pH3.3),紫外检测波长282 nm,流速0.8 mL·min-1,进样量20 μL.结果:莲心碱、异莲心碱、甲基莲心碱线性方程显示线性关系良好.特征图谱研究确定了酚性生物碱16个共有峰.结论:本方法简便、准确,重现性好,专属性强,可为莲子心中生物碱类物质标准提取物质量控制提供参考.     

Characteristic expression profiles induced by genotoxic carcinogens in rat liver.

When applied in toxicological studies, the recently developed gene expression profiling techniques using microarrays, which brought forth the new field of toxicogenomics, facilitate the interpretation of a toxic compound's mechanism of action. In this study, we investigated whether genotoxic carcinogens at doses known to induce liver tumors in the 2-year rat bioassay deregulate a common set of genes in a short-term in vivo study and, if so, whether these deregulated genes represent defined biological pathways. Rats were dosed with the four genotoxic hepatocarcinogens dimethylnitrosamine (4 mg/kg/day), 2-nitrofluorene (44 mg/kg/day), aflatoxin B1 (0.24 mg/kg/day), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, 20 mg/kg/day). After treatment for up to 14 days, the expression profiles of the livers were analyzed on Affymetrix RG_U34A microarrays. Among the significantly upregulated genes were a set of target genes of the tumor suppressor protein p53, indicating a DNA damage response. Such a response was expected and, therefore, confirmed the validity of our approach. In addition, the gene expression changes suggest a specific detoxification response, the activation of proliferative and survival signaling pathways, and some cell structural changes. These responses were strong throughout the 14 day time course for 2-nitrofluorene and aflatoxin B1; in the case of dimethylnitrosamine and NNK, the effects were weakly detectable at day 1 and then increased with time. For dimethylnitrosamine and aflatoxin B1, which caused observable inflammation in vivo, we found a corresponding upregulation of inflammatory genes at the same time points. Thus, by the toxicogenomic analysis of short-term in vivo studies, we identified genes and pathways commonly deregulated by genotoxic carcinogens, which may be indicative for the early events in tumorigenesis and, thus, predictive of later tumor development.     

缓释辅料对三七总皂苷缓释片中人参皂苷Rg1,Rb1释药特性的影响

目的 :探讨缓释辅料对三七总皂苷缓释片中人参皂苷Rg₁,Rb₁释药特性的影响。方法 :通过考察由HPMC和EC 2种缓释辅料 ,不同黏度规格的EC ,以及EC的不同用量制成的缓释骨架片 ,测定人参皂苷Rg₁,Rb₁在这些缓释片中的释放度。结果 :缓释辅料的种类 ,规格及用量均影响人参皂苷Rg₁,Rb₁的释药特性 ,在各缓释片中人参皂苷Rg₁,Rb₁间的释药行为也存在差异。结论 :中药有效部位缓释制剂研究中应当重视有效成分间释药特性的异同。     

当归微粉的特征及对阿魏酸溶出的影响

目的:比较当归普通粉和微粉的粉体学特征、水溶性及醇溶性浸出物含量、指标成分阿魏酸溶出量,探索微粉化技术在当归中的应用价值.方法:通过激光粒度分析仪对普通粉和微粉进行表征,扫描电镜(SEM)观察普通粉和细粉的表面形态,测定粉体学参数休止角和堆密度,冷浸法测定水溶性及热浸法测定醇溶性溶出物的含量,利用超声提取进行水溶性指标成分阿魏酸的溶出实验,采用HPLC测定阿魏酸的含量.结果:当归普通粉和微粉的粉体学特征及表面形态差异显著,但水溶性及醇溶性浸出物量、水溶性指标成分阿魏酸的溶出差别不大.结论:微粉化应用于当归,通过对粉体学特征的影响而影响其制剂学性质,但不能显著提高其醇溶性及水溶性浸出物和指标成分阿魏酸的溶出量,生产中不宜对当归进行微粉化.