HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测用于ASCUS患者诊断分流的临床研究

目的:探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)E6/E7mRNA检测用于未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状上皮细胞(ASCUS)诊断结果的判定价值。方法:对160例薄层液基细胞学检查诊断为ASCUS者进行HPV E6/E7mRNA和高危型HPV(HR-HPV)DNA检测,结合病理学诊断资料进行统计学分析。结果:160例中病理结果为宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅱ级(CINⅡ)及以上级别者的HPV E6/E7mRNA阳性率明显高于CINⅡ以下级别者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但与HR-HPV DNA检测结果无统计学差异。HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测CINII及以上级别的灵敏度(69.2%)与HR-HPV DNA检测相比无统计学差异(P0.05);特异度(73.9%)高于HR-HPV DNA检测(61.9%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测可作为ASCUS者是否需要进行阴道镜检查的一项指标依据。     

大蒜素对人横纹肌肉瘤RD细胞的作用及其机制

目的：探讨大蒜素（ allicin）对人横纹肌肉瘤RD细胞增殖和凋亡的作用及其相关机制。方法应用不同浓度大蒜素（5,10,20,30μg/ml）作用人横纹肌肉瘤RD细胞株24h,采用MTT比色法检测不同浓度大蒜素下RD细胞的增殖抑制率;流式细胞仪检测不同浓度大蒜素作用后RD细胞的凋亡率。结果 MTT比色法检测各实验组增殖抑制率分别为（25.82±1.75）%、（31.04±1.61）%、（36.32±1.61）%、（42.58±3.88）%;流式细胞仪检测对照组及各实验组凋亡率分别为（5.23±0.80）%、（7.07±0.83）%、（10.60±2.51）%、（15.70±1.79）%、（19.33±0.72）%。以上检测各组间比较差异均有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。结论大蒜素能有效抑制RD细胞的增殖,诱导其凋亡。     

Kaposi’s sarcoma in a patient with severe relapsing polychondritis

This report describes the case of a young man who developed Kaposis sarcoma (KS) after corticosteroid treatment for severe tracheal involvement of relapsing polychondritis (RP). The etiopathogenetic mechanisms that may have led to the evolution of this unusual neoplasm are discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported of concomitant RP and KS.     

Cold acclimation of obese (ob/ob) mice: effects of energy balance

Obese (ob/ob) and lean mice at 4 weeks of age were housed at 23 degrees C or 14 degrees C for 4 to 8 weeks to examine effects of acclimation to mild cold on energy balance. Energy intake of young lean mice increased by about 50% when housed at 14 degrees C, but energy intake of cold-acclimated obese mice increased by only 8%. Efficiency of energy retention (ratio of energy gain to energy intake) in obese mice declined from 22% +/- 1.2% at 23 degrees C to 10% +/- 1.8% after 4 weeks at 14 degrees C. Lean mice exhibited a less pronounced response to temperature; their efficiency of energy retention declined from 7% +/- 1.3% at 23 degrees C to 4% +/- 2.2% after 4 weeks at 14 degrees C. After 8 weeks of cold exposure, body weights and efficiency of energy retention became equal in obese and lean mice. Calculated heat production of cold-acclimated obese and lean mice was 40% higher than that of respective controls. Obese mice reacclimated to 23 degrees C after being kept for 4 weeks at 14 degrees C consumed the same amount of energy and were 16% more efficient than obese maintained at 23 degrees C; reacclimated lean mice consumed 12% more energy but were 53% less efficient than lean mice maintained at 23 degrees C. The results indicate that obese mice are able to increase heat production and markedly reduce their efficiency of energy retention when acclimated to mild cold but that they, unlike lean mice, rapidly revert to a high efficiency of energy retention after 4 weeks of reacclimation to 23 degrees C.     

The application of the skin virome for human identification

The use of skin virome offers a unique approach for human identification purposes in instances where a viable and statistically relevant human DNA profile is unavailable. The skin virome may act as an alternative DNA profile and/or an additional form of probative genetic material. To date, no study has attempted to investigate the human virome over a time series across various physical locations of the body to identify its diagnostic potential as a tool for human identification. For this study, we set out to evaluate the stability, diversity, and individualization of the human skin virome. An additional goal was to identify putative viral signatures that can be used in conjunction with traditional forensic STR loci. In order to accomplish this, human viral metagenomes were collected and sequenced from 42 individuals at three anatomical locations (left hand, right hand, and scalp) across multiple collection periods over a 6-month window of time. Assembly dependent and independent bioinformatic approaches, along with a database centered assessment of viral identification, resulted in three sets of stable putative viral markers. In total, with the three sets combined, we identified 59 viral biomarker regions, consisting of viral species and uncharacterized viral genome assemblies, that were stable over the sampling period. Additionally, we found the abundance profiles of these 59 viral biomarkers, based on presence or absence, to be significantly different across subjects (P < 0.001). Here we demonstrate that not only is the human virome applicable to be used for human identification, but we have identified many viral signatures that can putatively be used for forensic applications, thus providing a foundation to the novel field of forensic virology.     

Nutrition for the micro preemie: Beyond milk

Nutritional support is a fundamental component of the care of the extremely preterm infant, including the “micro preemie” (here defined as a baby born weighing less than 500 g), but goes beyond considerations of milk as a food. This is because milk from an infant's own mother, unlike currently available substitutes, additionally provides invaluable non-nutritive benefits.Nutritional support requires suitable devices or techniques to administer nutrients enterally or intravenously, products shown to be safe in preterm populations, and efficacy demonstrated in respect of important functional outcomes. Sadly, preterm feeding remains characterised by a deficit of evidence. In this chapter, we will briefly describe the history of preterm nutrition, discuss current enteral and parenteral practice, important evidence gaps, a summary of approaches for evaluating nutritional practice, and key considerations for future endeavour. Our discussion refers to all extremely preterm infants and it not confined to the micro preemie.     

人乳低聚糖对婴儿肠道菌群影响的研究进展北大核心CSCD

婴儿期是肠道菌群形成和发展最为关键的时期,作为肠道菌群演替速度较快的重要阶段,稳定的肠道菌群定植对机体健康、免疫系统的建立及完善有着重大且长远的意义。母乳中富含人乳低聚糖(HMOs),能够有效促进婴儿肠道中有益细菌的生长,抑制病原菌的侵袭,改善肠道菌群组成,提高菌种多样性,促进婴儿生长发育。现就HMOs的研究现状及其对婴儿肠道菌群的影响进行综述。     

知往鉴今:人感染猴痘史及其非同寻常的2022年多国暴发疫情北大核心CSCD

2022年全球多个非地方性流行国家发生了人感染猴痘(human monkeypox,HMPX)暴发疫情,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)评述此次暴发是“非同寻常的(atypical)”。要理解这一评语,就必须对猴痘及HMPX的历史有充分的认识,首先知道什么是“寻常的”暴发。因此,该文系统回顾了猴痘,尤其是HMPX的流行病学史,并结合近期WHO等组织机构,以及专家学者的观点,讨论分析此次疫情非同寻常的表现及可能原因。在为读者呈现64年来发人深省的猴痘病毒与人类互动历史的同时,也提供了HMPX暴发疫情多方面的信息和观点,有助于理解WHO等对当前疫情危险性的评估,认识暴发疫情对未来临床和公共卫生的深远影响。     

Age related changes in thyroid and cricoid cartilages: An autopsy based radiological analysis

Forensic age estimation is an invaluable aspect of human identification. Out of these many means of age estimation, few regions with untapped potential for assistance in forensic age estimation are the age-related changes in the laryngeal cartilages. As the age advances, the thyroid and cricoid cartilages undergo gradual calcification in an individual. These age-related changes can be visualized in both the living and the dead using conventional radiography and can be objectively assessed. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the age-related changes in the laryngeal cartilages and the results may be utilized for age estimation in forensic examinations. The laryngeal cartilages were carefully dissected using standard procedures from 75 cadavers of age ranging from 17 to 65 years, during the post-mortem examination. The laryngeal cartilages were radiographed and replaced in the body cavity before culminating the post-mortem examination. The calcification of both cartilages was studied by using the standard grading method. Calcification scores of individual regions of both the laryngeal cartilages show a statistically significant positive correlation with chronological age (P < 0.05). Regression models derived from the degree of calcification of thyroid and cricoid cartilages showed standard error of estimates that ranged between 9.90 and 11.07 years. Considering the standard error of estimates of the regression analysis, the present study concludes that these regression models can be used in adjunct with other methods of age estimation such as the skeletal and dental age or when such methods are not viable as in cases of charred or mutilated remains.