手掌部浅血管神经层与屈肌支持带关系的观测

目的：为腕管松解术及掌中间隙引流术提供解剖学基础。方法：１８例（男１２、女６）３６侧成人固定上肢标本上对手掌部屈肌支持带、正中神经、尺神经在胱掌部分支点和掌浅弓最高点与屈肌支撑带下缘的距离以及足动脉终末支与正中神经间距观察。结果：正中神经掌部分支点距屈肌支持下缘９±３ｍｍ。尺神经掌部分支点距屈肌支持带下缘５±２ｍｍ。正中神经于与尺动脉终末间距为１０±２ｍｍ。结论：在手掌部裳托肌腱与第三指蹼尺侧缘     

口腔修复中高熔铸件浇铸不全的原因浅析及预防

目的:探讨高熔铸件浇铸不全的可能原因。方法:通过对临床85件可摘铸件缺损的初浅分析,总结出浇铸不全的可能原因。结果:高熔铸件浇铸不全的原因有以下7个方面:①铸金量不足;②熔金温度过低;③离心力不够;④铸道布局不当;⑤铸件过薄;⑥高温包埋料透气性差;⑦铸圈温度下降。结论:通过查找原因,总结出预防的方法,对提高高熔铸件修复体的质量有一定的作用。     

Long-lasting increase in the set point for cocaine self-administration after escalation in rats

Rationale: When access time to a continuous schedule of drug self-administration is restricted, animals tend to limit intake to a certain level over time and across doses. This observation suggests an endogenous constraint or set point that determines the individual’s preferred level of pharmacological effects. Objectives: To assess whether the transition to increased levels of drug intake is associated with a change in set point. Methods: Two groups of rats were trained on a 1-h continuous schedule of cocaine self-administration (250 μg/injection), after which access to cocaine was increased to 6 h in one group (Long Access or LgA rats) or kept to 1 h in the other group (Short Access or ShA rats). After 22 sessions on this regimen, different doses of cocaine were tested (31.25, 62.5, 125, and 250 μg/injection). For each dose, the post-response time-out period was reduced to 4 s to reduce any temporal limitations on self-injections and subjects were tested several times. Results: In LgA rats, the first hour intake escalated over time and eventually reached a level 200% greater than that of ShA rats. Though all rats maintained relatively constant intake across doses, LgA rats took nearly two times as much cocaine than ShA rats. When access to cocaine for LgA rats was reduced to 1 h, intake returned very slowly toward pre-escalation levels but was still elevated even after 2 months of reduced availability. Conclusions: These data suggest that the transition to escalated levels of intake is associated with a long-lasting change in cocaine set point. Received: 12 February 1999 / Final version: 21 May 1999     

Progressive-ratio performance maintained by drug infusions: Comparison of cocaine,diethylpropion, chlorphentermine,and fenfluramine

Cocaine, diethylpropion, chlorphentermine, and fenfluramine were compared on a drug-maintained progressive-ratio procedure in baboons. Intravenous infusions of drug were contingent on completion of a fixed-ratio response requirement (fixed number of lever-press responses) with a 3-h time-out period following each infusion. Prior to testing each dose of drug, stable self-infusion performance was first established with 0.4 mg/kg cocaine when the fixed-ratio requirement was 160. Subsequently, a test dose of drug was substituted for the standard dose of cocaine. If the dose of drug maintained a criterion level of self-infusion performance (six or more infusions per day for 2 days), the ratio requirement was systematically increased every day until the breaking point at which the self-infusion performance fell below a criterion level (one or zero infusionsper day). Fenfluramine did not maintain criterion self-infusion performance at any dose tested (0.02–5.0 mg/kg). The dose ranges of the other drugs that maintained maximum breaking points were 1.0–5.6 mg/kg for chlorphentermine, 1.0–3.0 mg/kg for diethylpropion, and 0.1–0.4 mg/kg for cocaine. Within-animal comparison of the maximum breaking points indicated that cocaine maintained the highest breaking points, followed in order by diethylpropion, chlorphentermine, and fenfluramine. The rank ordering of these drugs with the breaking point measure corresponds well with both the results of other animal experiments on measurement of reinforcing efficacy of these drugs and with the clinical information about the human subjective effects and abuse of these drugs.     

电针“曲泉”穴对小鼠胆汁分泌的影响

本实验用具备胆瘘的大鼠颈静脉恒速灌注肝胆酸钠10μmol/(100g·h)维持胆汁酸池恒定条件下,观察电针“曲泉”穴对肝胆汁分泌的影响及与受体的炎系。结果表明:电针“曲泉”穴,胆汁流量、胆汁K~+、Na~+、Cl~-、HCO_3~-排出量均显著增加,(P<0.01),但不影响胆酸的排出量。说明电针“曲泉”穴有利胆作用,所刺激肝胆汁本属不依赖胆汁酸部分。在本实验条件下,静脉给予阿托品(0.2mg/kg),酚妥拉明2.5mg/(kg·h))、心得安(5mg/kg)对胆汁分泌无显著影响,但阿托品有加强其利胆效应的倾向(P>0.05),而心得安则完全抑制其效应(P<0.01)。结果表明:“曲泉”穴的利胆效应与β受体有关,与α受体关系不大,并提示M受体或阿托品及体液因素如促胰液素,胰高血糖素等亦可参与“曲泉”穴的利胆机制。     

弥可保穴位注射治疗糖尿病周围神经病变40例

采用常规饮食控制加诺和灵控制血糖基础上配合弥可保穴位注射治疗糖尿病周围神经病变 4 0例 ,并设单纯西药治疗 4 0例为对照组。结果 ;治疗组显效 17例 ,有效 19例 ,无效 4例 ,总有效率 90 .0 % ;对照组显效 7例 ,有效 18例 ,无效 15例 ,总有效率 6 2 .5 %。两组比较有显著差异 (χ2 =11.992 ,P<0 .0 0 5 )。肌电图结果提示治疗组神经传导速度明显改善 ,优于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )     

佛山市先天性甲状腺功能减低症筛查

目的了解佛山市初生人口中先天性甲状腺功能减低症(CH)的发生率,探讨初筛实验中召回复查的适当阳性切割点(筛查切值)。方法对出生48～72h后的81439例新生儿采集足跟血滤纸标本,荧光免疫法检测血中促甲状腺素(TSH)浓度,确诊用电化学发光法测定血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、甲状腺素(TT4)、血清游离T3(FT3)、血清游离T4(FT4)及TSH浓度。TSH初筛结果≥8mIU/L即召回复查,并结合骨龄检查及甲状腺核素扫描以确诊。结果检出52例CH,发生率63.85/10万(1:1566)。结论本组筛查结果显示佛山市初生人口中先天性甲状腺功能减低症的发生率高于国内主要城市报道。原因考虑与充分利用本市新生儿疾病筛查工作三级管理网络,对初筛结果异常者复查率达100%及适当降低阳性切割点,及时召回复查,减少漏诊有关。     

穴位注射治疗高粘血症50例临床疗效观察

目的：观察穴位注射治疗高粘血症的临床疗效。方法：以特定穴中的心俞、肝俞、脾俞、肾俞、三焦俞背俞穴为主，配合膈俞、气海俞、关元俞，每次选取4个穴位。用复方丹参注射液、黄芪注射液行穴位注射，10次为1个疗效。结果：治疗2个疗程后，显效30例，有效17例，无效3例，总有效率为94％。结论：穴位注射治疗高粘血症有较好疗效。