Oral immunization with different assembly forms of the HPV 16 major capsid protein L1 induces neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

Human papillomaviruses have been recognized as the causative agent of anogenital cancer. In 2006, a commercial vaccine based on virus-like particles composed of the L1 major capsid protein of the papillomaviruses has been available. This vaccine induces virus-neutralizing antibody responses upon parenteral injection. Here we investigated the oral immunogenicity of different assembly forms of HPV 16 L1, that is: T7-VLPs, T1 particles and capsomeres. Our results show that all three assembly forms induce humoral and cellular immune responses after oral vaccination of mice. The anti-L1 antibodies were conformation-specific and showed neutralizing activity in a pseudovirion-based assay. We also investigated if adjuvants have an influence on the oral immunogenicity of the different L1 forms. For saponins we observed a significant toxicity if applied orally. Co-administration of either CpG DNA or Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin LT(R192G) had no apparent enhancing effect on the production of anti-L1 antibodies. More pronounced was the effect of CpG administration on the long-term immunity as we observed a significantly stronger recall response 244 days after the first vaccination. Compared to capsomeres, VLPs induced stronger humoral immune responses while the CTL responses were induced at comparable levels. Finally, we were also able to induce neutralizing antibodies and L1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes after oral administration of crude extracts of L1-expressing insect cells. In conclusion, all three assembly forms of the L1 protein are immunogenic when administered orally.     

A-40926混合物中B0组分的分离纯化

目的 开发一种高纯度A-40926混合物中B0组分(以下简称A-40926 B0)的分离纯化工艺。方法 采用中压色谱系统,以聚合物微球为载体,A-40926 B0的收率为指标,筛选聚合物微球的类型,优化洗脱条件。结果 型号为UniPS30-300的微球为最佳层析介质,上样量为10mg(每毫升填料),洗脱剂依次为体积分数30%,45%的乙醇溶液,流速为1.5BV/h(BV：层析柱体积);所得产品纯度大于95%,层析总收率大于75%。结论 此种高纯度A-40926 B0的分离纯化方法简单易行,收率稳定,适于工业化生产。     

C-reactive protein (CRP) and long-term air pollution with a focus on ultrafine particles

Background

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to the global burden of disease by particularly affecting cardiovascular (CV) causes of death. We investigated the association between particle number concentration (PNC), a marker for ultrafine particles, and other air pollutants and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as a potential link between air pollution and CV disease.

An indoor air quality evaluation in a residential retrofit project using spray polyurethane foam

Understanding of indoor air quality (IAQ) during and after spray polyurethane foam (SPF) application is essential to protect the health of both workers and building occupants. Previous efforts such as field monitoring, micro-chamber/spray booth emission studies, and fate/transport modeling have been conducted to understand the chemical exposure of SPF and guide risk mitigation strategies. However, each type of research has its limitation and can only reveal partial information on the relationship between SPF and IAQ. A comprehensive study is truly needed to integrate the experimental design and analytical testing methods in the field/chamber studies with the mathematical tools employed in the modeling studies. This study aims to bridge this gap and provide a more comprehensive understanding on the impact of SPF to IAQ. The field sampling plan of this research aims to evaluate the airborne concentrations of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, tris(1-chlor-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP), trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (Solstice^TM), and airborne particles. Modifications to existing MDI sampling and analytical methods were made so that level of quantification was improved. In addition, key fate and transport modeling input parameters such as air changes per hour and airborne particle size distribution were measured. More importantly, TCPP accumulation onto materials was evaluated, which is important to study the fate and transport of semi-volatile organic compounds. The IAQ results showed that after spray application was completed in the entire building, airborne concentrations decreased for all chemicals monitored. However, it is our recommendation that during SPF application, no one should return to the application site without proper personal protection equipment as long as there are active spray activities in the building. The comparison between this field study and a recent chamber study proved surface sorption and particle deposition is an important factor in determining the fate of airborne TCPP. The study also suggests the need for further evaluation by employing mathematical models, proving the data generated in this work as informative to industry and the broader scientific community.     

In-Room Ultraviolet Air Filtration Units Reduce Airborne Particles During Total Joint Arthroplasty

Reducing airborne bioburden in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is of critical importance. The efficacy of crystalline ultraviolet-C (C-UVC) filtration in reducing bioburden in a dynamic operating room (OR) environment has not been evaluated. We assessed whether C-UVC filtration reduced (i) total particle counts (TPC); (ii) viable particle counts (VPC); and (iii) colony-forming units (CFUs). Fifty primary TJA cases were performed in a positive-pressure OR; 25 cases with the C-UVC unit and 25 cases without. The air was sampled by a particle counter and an impact air sampler to measure particle counts and CFUs, respectively. To compare TPC, VPC, and CFU/m³ between groups, independent t tests and multivariate regression, adjusted for number of OR staff and door openings, were performed. The C-UVC group had significantly lower TPC (2.6 × 10⁶ vs. 4.7 × 10⁶ particles, p = 0.001) and VPC (18,605 vs. 27,516 particles, p = 0.001). There were fewer CFUs in the C-UVC group (10.9 CFU/m³ vs. 13.7 CFU/m³, p = 0.163). Multivariate analysis identified C-UVC filtration as a significant predictor of decreased TPC (β = −0.44, p = 0.002) and VPC (β = −0.47, p = 0.001) after accounting for door openings and number of OR staff. The reduction in CFUs was not significant on multivariate analysis. In this prospective pilot study, a C-UVC air disinfection and recirculation unit led to a significant reduction in both TPC and VPC and a non-significant reduction in CFU. Statement of clinical significance: Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of C-UVC filtration units on surgical-site infection rates. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:431-437, 2020     

常州地区医院制剂室空气中尘粒和细菌总数的检测

在检测的常州地区１４所医院制剂室的超净工作台与洁净间空气中，细菌总数未超标者仅有１所，空气中尘粒数均未超标者亦仅７所。为此，应加强对制剂室防止空气污染的管理与监测。     

Impact of Diesel Exhaust Particles on Th2 Response in the Lung in Asthmatic Mice

Although it has been accepted that pulmonary exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP), representative constituents in particulate matter of mass median aerodynamic diameter < or 2.5 µm (PM_2.5), exacerbates murine allergic asthma, the in vivo effects of DEP on their cellular events in the context of allergen-specific Th response have never been examined. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether in vivo repetitive exposure to DEP combined with allergen (ovalbumin) facilitate allergen-specific Th response in the lung using a simple ex vivo assay system. As a result, repetitive pulmonary exposure to DEP in vivo, if combined with allergen, amplifies ex vivo allergen-specific Th2 response in the lung compared to that to allergen alone, characterized by high levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5. The result suggests that in asthmatic subjects, DEP promote Th2-prone milieu in the lung, which additively/synergistically augment asthma pathophysiology in vivo.     

稳心颗粒与普罗帕酮治疗早搏的疗效观察

目的观察稳心颗粒与普罗帕酮治疗早搏的疗效。方法选择我院收治的早搏患者100例,平均分为治疗组与对照组,对照组采用普罗帕酮治疗,治疗组采取稳心颗粒治疗,比较两组疗效。结果治疗组的总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论早搏疾病选用稳心颗粒治疗效果显著,值得推广应用。     

Accumulation of lipids and oxidatively damaged DNA in hepatocytes exposed to particles

Exposure to particles has been suggested to generate hepatosteatosis by oxidative stress mechanisms. We investigated lipid accumulation in cultured human hepatocytes (HepG2) and rat liver after exposure to four different carbon-based particles. HepG2 cells were exposed to particles for 3 h and subsequently incubated for another 18 h to manifest lipid accumulation. In an animal model of metabolic syndrome we investigated the association between intake of carbon black (CB, 14 nm) particles and hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation and gene expression of Srebp-1, Fasn and Scd-1 involved in lipid synthesis. There was a concentration-dependent increase in intracellular lipid content after exposure to CB in HepG2 cells, which was only observed after co-exposure to oleic/palmitic acid. Similar results were observed in HepG2 cells after exposure to diesel exhaust particles, fullerenes C₆₀ or pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes. All four types of particles also generated oxidatively damaged DNA, assessed as formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) sensitive sites, in HepG2 cells after 3 h exposure. The animal model of metabolic syndrome showed increased lipid load in the liver after one oral exposure to 6.4 mg/kg of CB in lean Zucker rats. This was not associated with increased iNOS staining in the liver, indicating that the oral CB exposure was associated with hepatic steatosis rather than steatohepatitis. The lipid accumulation did not seem to be related to increased lipogenesis because there were unaltered gene expression levels in both the HepG2 cells and rat livers. Collectively, exposure to particles is associated with oxidative stress and steatosis in hepatocytes.     

UPLC法测定养血清脑颗粒中咖啡酸和阿魏酸的含量

目的建立同时测定养血清脑颗粒中咖啡酸和阿魏酸含量的方法。方法采用ACQUITY UPLC系统,使用ACQUITY BEH C18（2.1mm×100mm,1.7μm）色谱柱,流动相为0.1%乙酸水溶液-甲醇,梯度洗脱,流速0.4m L·min^-1,检测波长325nm,柱温为40℃。结果咖啡酸质量浓度在0.484~24.20ng·m L^-1内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9996）,平均回收率为101.7%（RSD=1.64%,n=6）;阿魏酸质量浓度在1.102~55.10ng·m L^-1内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9997）,平均回收率为100.1%（RSD=1.83%,n=6）。结论建立的方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于养血清脑颗粒的质量控制,且不同批次养血清脑颗粒中2种酚酸含量基本一致。