Immunopotentiation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel has been collected from the wild, cultivated and used in traditional medicines to treat various disorders and diseases since antiquity. In traditional Chinese medicine, the powdered fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eryngii were used for immunostimulation, skin-care, wound-healing, cancer and lumbago treatment. In the current study, we investigated the antiproliferative activity of Pleurotus eryngii powder on A549, BGC-823, HepG2 and HGC-27 cancer cells and its immunomodulating activity on macrophage, RAW 264.7 cells based on its active compound.

Materials and methods

A novel bioactive protein (PEP) was extracted from Pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies powder and purified on DEAE-52, CM-52 and Superdex 75 column chromatographies using an ÄKTA purifier. Its cytotoxicity on A549, BGC-823, HepG2, HGC-27 and RAW 267.4 cell lines was then evaluated using MTT, alamar blue (AB), trypan blue (TB), neutral red (NR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Annexin V FITC/PI and morphological change assays. Moreover, lysosomal enzyme activity, pinocytosis, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production assays were used to examine immunomostimulatory activity of PEP on RAW 267.4 cells.

Results

Based on high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses, the isolated protein (PEP) had a molecular weight of 63 kDa, a secondary (α-helical) structure and was mainly composed of arginine, serine and glycine. PEP significantly (P<0.05) inhibited A549, BGC-823, HepG2 and HGC-27 tumor cells proliferation dose-dependently with an IC₅₀ range of 36.5±0.84 to 229.0±1.24 µg/ml. Contrarily, PEP stimulated the proliferation of macrophages.

Conclusion

Pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies powder has a potential application as a natural antitumor agent with immunomodulatory activity, proposedly, by targeting the lysosomes of cancerous cells and stimulating macrophage-mediated immune responses.     

头花蓼种子发芽生物学特性研究

目的研究头花蓼PolygonumcapitatumBuch.-Ham.exD.Don种子发芽的生物学特性。方法通过不同温度和黑暗条件下的发芽试验以及浸种处理发芽试验,观察统计其发芽所需时间、发芽持续时间、发芽势、发芽率。结果头花蓼种子在10～35℃下都能发芽;10～30℃下都能发芽完全;20℃、25℃时,观察的4项指标都无显著差异,并出现最短的发芽时间(4d)和最高发芽率(93.3%)。光照能使发芽时间缩短4天,发芽势提高50.6%,但不影响发芽率。浸种处理会降低头花蓼种子的发芽势和发芽率,特别是温水浸种达到极显著水平。结论20～25℃是头花蓼种子发芽的最适温度。发芽期间给予光照能极显著缩短发芽时间和提高发芽势。浸种处理对头花蓼种子的萌发没有促进作用。     

湘葛一号总黄酮与气候因子的灰色关联度分析

目的运用灰色关联法筛选出影响湘葛一号总黄酮含量的气候主导因子。方法利用紫外分光光度法测定不同采收期湘葛一号不同部位总黄酮含量,采用灰色关联法对其与气候因子的相关性进行分析。结果湘葛一号不同部位、不同采收期总黄酮含量有较大区别。月平均气温、月极端最高气温、月极端最低气温、月平均相对湿度、月降水量、日照时数6个气候因子与湘葛一号根、茎、叶中总黄酮含量关系密切,灰色关联系数均达到0．50以上。其中月平均相对湿度、月极端最高气温和日照时数与根、茎、叶的灰色关联系数达到0．75以上。结论月平均相对湿度、月极端最高气温和日照时数是影响湘葛一号不同部位总黄酮含量的主导因素,实验结果可为湘葛一号的规范化种植提供科学依据。     

新疆甘草DNA片段的克隆、序列分析及其基因组DNA文库的构建

目的克隆新疆甘草DNA片段 ,构建新疆甘草基因组DNA文库。方法对新疆产 4种甘草进行随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析 ,回收甘草随机引物s12 1的PCR产物中 5 0 0bp左右的带 ,克隆到pMD18 T载体中 ,经电泳鉴定后测定序列 ,进行序列分析。用Sau3AI对所提新疆甘草基因组DNA进行酶切 ,回收 15～ 2 3kb之间的酶切产物片段 ,然后与LambdavectorBamHIArms进行连接、包装形成文库 ,计算文库重组噬菌体滴度、包装效率。结果获得了甘草 4 90bp的DNA片段 ,所建文库的重组噬菌体滴度为 3× 10 6pfu/ml、包装效率为 6× 10 6重组子 /μg载体DNA。结论成功克隆了新疆甘草DNA片段 ,并构建了基因组DNA文库 ,为进一步研究奠定了基础。     

Effect of a traditional Chinese medicine Liu Wei Di Huang Wan on the activities of CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 in healthy volunteers

1. Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (LDW), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used for the treatment of various diseases in China. This study was designed to investigate the potential herb–drug interactions of LDW in healthy volunteers and attempted to ascertain whether the interaction might be affected by genotypes.

2. We assessed the effect of LDW on the activities of CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 in 12 Chinese healthy subjects in a single-center, controlled, non-blinded, two-way crossover clinical trial. The subject pool consisted of six extensive metabolizers with CYP2C19*1/*1 and six poor metabolizers with CYP2C19*2/*2. Placebo or 4.8?g LDW (12 pills, 0.2?g/pill, twice daily) was given to each participant for 14 continuous days with a wash-out period of 2 weeks after an oral administration of 30?mg omeprazole, 30?mg dextromethorphan hydrobromide and 7.5?mg midazolam. The activities of CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 were ascertained by their respective plasma or urinary metabolic ratios on day 14 post-treatment.

3. There is no difference in the activities of the three tested enzymes before or after a 14-day administration of LDW. LDW had no effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of the substrates and their metabolites.

4. A 14-day administration of LDW did not affect the activities of CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. LDW is unlikely to cause pharmacokinetic interaction when it is combined with other medications predominantly metabolized by these enzymes.

     

小花清风藤化学成分的研究

目的研究小花清风藤Sabia parviflora茎叶的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、反相硅胶、MCI等柱色谱以及半制备高效液相色谱等多种色谱技术进行分离纯化,运用NMR、MS等波谱学方法以及结合文献数据鉴定化合物结构。结果从小花清风藤茎叶的石油醚萃取部位分离得到14个化合物,包括7个五环三萜类化合物,4个生物碱类化合物,3个其他类化合物;分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1)、木栓酮(2)、(20S)-3-oxo-20-hydroxytaraxastane(3)、9-芴酮(4)、N-formyldehydroanonain(5)、桦木酸(6)、dehydroformouregine(7)、棕榈酸(8)、20-hydroxy-lupan-3-one(9)、3-氧代齐墩果酸(10)、古柯三萜二醇(11)、桦木酸甲酯(12)、N-formyl-annonain(Z)(13)、N-formyl-O-methylisopiline(14)。结论化合物3~10、12~14为首次从该植物以及该属植物中得到,首次报道了化合物5、7、14的~(13)C-NMR谱归属。     

鄂西北地区不同生长条件和品种柴胡中多糖含量比较

目的 测定鄂西北地区不同生长条件和品种柴胡中多糖的含量.方法采用蒽酮 硫酸比色法,以620 nm波长为检测波长,分别测定柴胡中可溶性多糖和粗多糖,计算总多糖含量.结果鄂西北地区野生竹叶柴胡多糖含量高于同地区种植柴胡,但低于山西产北柴胡和湖北南漳种植的三岛柴胡.结论不同生长条件的柴胡药材中柴胡多糖含量不同,但差异不明显;不同品种柴胡药材中的多糖含量有明显差异.     

长叶香茶菜化学成分的研究

从长叶香茶菜Rabdoisa stracheyi(Benth ex Hook.f)Hara的地上部分分离得到三种结晶性成分。其中两种为已知化合物6,7-dehydroroyleanone和β-谷甾醇,另一种为新的二萜醌类化合物。通过理化常数和光谱的分析以及衍生物的制备,测定其结构为16-acetoxy-7α-methoxyroyleanone(Ⅰ)。命名为长叶香茶菜甲素。     

Bioactivity of enoxaparin in critically ill patients with normal renal function

Aim

In critically ill patients, reduced anti-FXa plasma activity following subcutaneous administration of enoxaparin or nadroparin has been described. In this study, we aimed to investigate the bioactivity of enoxaparin in critically ill patients and controls.

Methods

A prospective, controlled, open label study was performed on a medical intensive care unit (ICU) and a general medical ward. Fifteen ICU patients (male = 12, median age 52 years [IQR 40−65], with a median Simplified Acute Physiology Score of 30 [IQR 18−52]) and sex- and age-matched medical ward patients were included. The anti-FXa plasma activity was measured after a single subcutaneous dose of 40 mg enoxaparin. The thrombus size of a clot formed in an ex vivo perfusion chamber and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) were measured.

Results

The anti-FXa plasma activity increased significantly after enoxaparin administration, with peak levels at 3 h after treatment, but was comparable between the ICU and medical ward groups (median 0.16 IU ml⁻¹[IQR 0−0.22 IU ml⁻¹]vs. 0.2 IU ml⁻¹[IQR 0.15−0.27 IU ml⁻¹], respectively, P= 0.13). The area under the anti-FXa activity curve from 0–12 h was similar between the groups (median 0.97 IU ml⁻¹ h [IQR 0.59−2.1] and 1.48 IU ml⁻¹ h¹[IQR 0.83−1.62], P= 0.42 for the ICU group compared with the control group, respectively). The ETP was lower in the ICU group (P < 0.05) at baseline, but it was comparable at 3 h between the groups. Thrombus size decreased at 3 h compared with predose (P= 0.029) and was not different between the groups.

Conclusion

Similar bioactivity was achieved with a standard dose of subcutaneous enoxaparin in this selected cohort of ICU and general ward patients with normal renal function.     

银杏叶提取物对大鼠血流动力学的影响

目的银杏叶提取物(GBE)对正常麻醉大鼠血流动力学影响进行实验研究.方法采用多道生理记录仪记录iv给药后大鼠血流动力学的改变及对由血小板活化因子(PAF)诱导大鼠血流动力学改变的影响.结果ivGBE100,200mg/kg仅引起大鼠血压的轻度升高,分别为(1.2±0.6)和(1.3±0.9)kPa,且30min后即可恢复至正常对照水平,对其余血流动力学参数无影响;大鼠ivPAF90ng/kg可引起大鼠血压显著下降、心律不齐、心肌收缩力减弱,预先给100mg/kgGBE可完全取消上述PAF效应.结论GBE能引起大鼠血压的短暂轻度升高,并能拮抗PAF引起的心血管功能改变,是一种有效的抗PAF活性药物.