细胞因子和转录因子的功能丰余性及其意义

细胞因子、转录因子的“功能丰余性”(“functional redundancy”)一词在国外献中已作为关键词出现,国内献则尚少见,更无统一和规范的译名。笔认为细胞因子和转录因子的“功能丰余性”和“遗传丰余性”(genetic redundancy)是生物进化、生物复杂性和多样性的基础,有重要的理论意义和实际意义,应该深入研究。笔在此就细胞因子及其受体以及转录因子功能丰余性与读探讨。     

间歇性充气加压与髋关节置换后下肢深静脉栓塞的预防和治疗中的应用

目的：探讨间歇性充气加压治疗的应用特点及髋关节置换后下肢深静脉血栓预防和治疗。 方法：应用万方数据库和中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI),以“髋关节置换,下肢深静脉血栓,间歇性充气加压,预防,治疗”为关键词,检索1980/2010时限内与间歇性充气加压治疗与髋关节置换后下肢深静脉栓塞的预防和治疗有关的文献。纳入与髋关节置换后下肢深静脉血栓形成因素及深静脉血栓预防措施相关的文献,排除重复研究或较陈旧文章。结果：依据纳入排除标准共保留相关文献23篇。髋关节置换后下肢深静脉血栓的形成主要与血液高凝状态、静脉血流缓慢、血管内皮损伤以及止痛泵的应用和心理因素等相关。深静脉血栓的好发部位集中在股静脉、腓肠静脉和小腿肌间静脉丛;好发时间则集中在髋关节置换后1~7 d。间歇性充气加压治疗主要通过其机械效应及生物化学效应预防血栓形成。 结论：间歇性充气加压对髋关节置换后的下肢深静脉栓塞的形成具有良好的预防作用,是一种安全、简便的物理疗法,但对高风险患者的治疗效果尚不能肯定,需结合药物行预防治疗,以获得较确切的治疗效果。关键词：髋关节置换;下肢;深静脉血栓;间歇性充气加压;预防;治疗     

四川省地震重灾区传染病网络报告工作灾前后比较

目的掌握“5·12”汶川地震后重灾区医疗单位传染病报告工作现状,为下一步做好灾区传染病报告管理工作提供科学依据。方法18个重灾县（市）的传染病报告数据来源国家传染病网络直报系统,用调查表调查各县（市）传染病网络系统灾损情况及现状。采用地震前后自身比较分析。结果18个地震重灾县（市）受灾前传染病报告覆盖率为100％,网络直报覆盖率为84．79％,网络报告率为65．95％;受灾初期（2008—05—12／21）,传染病报告覆盖率约为20％,网络报告率为17．69％,报卡数较去年同期下降60．53％;灾后恢复初期（2008—05—22／31）,传染病报告覆盖率约为80％,网络报告率为31．57％,报卡数较去年同期下降37．74％,其中手机报告占报告单位总数的36．13％,手机报卡数占卡片总数的29．60％;灾后恢复末期（2008—06—01／07—31）,所有报告单位全部恢复了传染病报告工作,其中网络直报占55．37％、手机报告占26．12％、代报占18．51％,传染病网络报告率为59．67％,报卡数较去年同期下降53．69％,其中手机报告占报告单位总数的28．70％,手机报卡数占卡片总数的10．95％。结论地震后,18个重灾县（市）各医疗单位传染病报告系统受到严重破坏,截止7月3t日数据显示,其功能已基本恢复,且部分县报告率较灾前有所提高。能力的恢复尚有差距。     

新疆医学院校学生复发性口腔溃疡患病情况及其相关危险因素分析

目的探讨新疆医学院校学生复发性口腔溃疡的患病情况及其相关危险因素,为医学院校学生口腔溃疡的防治提供理论依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取新疆医科大学2607名本科生为研究对象,发放调查问卷,对其复发性口腔溃疡的患病情况及其危险因素进行调查和分析。结果新疆医学院校学生复发性口腔溃疡的患病率为13．1％,男性患病率为10．8％,女性患病率为14．4％,男、女性口腔溃疡患病率差异有统计学意义,不同民族医学生复发性口腔溃疡患病情况差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果示性别、内分泌因素（如月经期等）、食用辛辣刺激的食物、心理因素（大喜大悲之后）、饮食状况、刷牙方式、刷牙动作、药物牙膏、水晶类牙膏、使用牙刷刷毛硬度10个因素是医学院校学生复发性口腔溃疡患病的危险因素。结论新疆医学院校学生复发性口腔溃疡的患病率高,不良的饮食习惯、机体免疫力低、使用水晶类牙膏可增加口腔溃疡的患病率,刷牙动作轻柔是口腔溃疡的保护因素。     

RELATIONSHIP OF HOMOCYSTEINE AND GENE POLYMORPHISMS OF ITS RELATED METABOLIC ENZYMES WITH ALZHEIMER''''S DISEASE

HOMOCYSTEINE (Hcy), one of the thiol-contain-ing amino acids, is generated from the demethyla-tion of methionine and in very low level in thehuman body. A lot of studies indicate that elevated plasmaHcy level has been recognized as an independent risk factorfor the atherosclerotic events.1 Recently, many attentionshave been paid to the association of Hcy with the dev-elopment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neuro-degeneration disorders.2 Therefore, in this present study weinvestig…     

Response of the xenograft endothelium in the concordant xenotransplantation

Objective: To investigate the response of the xenograft endothelium in the concordant hamster to rat cardiac xenotransplantation and the mechanism of acute vascular rejection. Methods: The animals were divided into 5 groups randomly: control group,CsA group, splenectomy group, D0 splenectomy CsA group and D3 splenectomy CsA group. Hamster heart was heterotopicaly transplanted to rat abdominal cavity. The graft survival was monitored by palpation of the rat abdominal wall. The histological and ultrastructural changes of the xenogafts were investigated. NF-κB and P-selectin expression in the xenograft were detected. Hene Oxigenase-1 and Bcl-2 expression were also detected in the xenografts of different groups. Results: The mean survival time of the xenografts in control group, CsA group, splenectomy group, D0 splenectomy CsA group and D3 splenectomy CsA group was 3.4±0.55, 3.8±0.45, 6.4±1.52, 30 and 7.4±1.14 days. The rejected graft showed typical acute vascular rejection in control group, CsA group,splenectomy group and D3 splenectomy CsA group. Endothelial cells of the rejected xenograft showed dramatic assembly of ribosomes and expansion of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. However, the endothelium of the long-term survived grafts in D0 splenectomy CsA group showed normal architecture. NF-κB and P-selectin expression were detected in the rejected xenografts. HO-1 expression was observed in the long-term survived xenografts in D0 splenectomy CsA group. Conclusion: The endothelial cells of the xenograft might be activated during the acute vascular rejection. Expression of HO-1 might inhibit the upregulation of NF-κB and adhesion molecular which decreases the activation of the endothelium of the graft.