MR arthrography of the hip: normal intra-articular structures and common disorders

This pictorial review illustrates the anatomical features of normal intra-articular components of the hip and their common disorders on MR arthrography. On T1-weighted MR arthrograms, the normal contrast-filled joint cavity shows a homogeneous high signal intensity. Normal acetabular labrum appears as a well-delineated triangle showing a low signal intensity, surrounded by contrast material in the perilabral recess. Intra-articular paramagnetic contrast outlines labral tears, loose bodies, communicating labral cysts and cartilage lesions (traumatic tears, focal defects, degenerative fissures and thinning), and improves their detection. Overall, MR arthrography enables accurate detection and staging of hip intra-articular structure abnormalities. Received: 6 June 1998; Revision received: 2 January 1999; Accepted: 2 April 1999     

A comparison of Rasch with Likert scoring to discriminate between patients' evaluations of total hip replacement surgery

The purpose of this study was to examine whether there are advantages in terms of outcome assessment of using Rasch methods of scoring the 12-item Oxford Hip Score (OHS) questionnaire over conventionally Likert scores. As part of a prospective cohort study of total hip replacements in five former regions of England the OHS was sent to patients pre-operatively, at 3 months and 1 year post-operatively. Post-operative data was collected on over 5000 cases. Based on the level of satisfaction with surgery, patients were divided into satisfied and dissatisfied. Analyses were performed to test the relative precision (RP) of Rasch scoring vs. conventionally Likert scores in discriminating the groups experiencing different level of satisfaction. Considerable gains in precision were achieved with Rasch scoring methods when groups were compared 3 and 12 months post-operatively. The results from the current study suggest that in some situations there may be substantial gains in measuring health related outcomes using Rasch-based scoring methods.     

Pavlik支具治疗婴儿髋关节脱位的随访观察

目的　观察 6个月以下髋脱位患儿初次治疗年龄与Pavlik支具应用时间之间的关系 ,探讨患儿各初次治疗年龄组和各Pavlik支具应用时间组髋臼指数和Y -协调指数的变化情况。方法　本研究共随访了 1994年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 12月间我院采用Pavlik支具治疗的先天性髋关节脱位患儿 30例 (4 2个髋关节 )。随访期限为 9.4～ 81个月 ,平均随访时间为 32 .9个月 ,初次就诊年龄介于生后 0 .5 3～ 8个月之间 (6个月以上者只有 1例 ) ,平均初次就诊年龄为生后 2 .9个月 ,Pavlik支具应用的时间为 3～ 9个月 ,平均应用时间为 4 .7个月。结果　本文所得的复位成功率为 91.2 % ,无一例患儿发生股骨头坏死。 6个月以下患儿各初治年龄组的支具应用时间之间差异不显著 ,各支具应用时间组的患儿初治年龄之间也没有差异。支具应用 6个月时 90 .5 %的患儿可以去除支具。具有完整资料的34个脱位髋关节初次治疗时的髋臼指数均值为 30 .6 2°,其标准差为 6 .5 6°。本次随访所得髋臼指数的均值为 18.75° ,其标准差为 5 .78°。髋臼指数的前后变化差异有非常显著性意义 (P <0 .0 0 1)。本次记录的反映髋关节脱位治疗前后股骨头与髋臼同心情况的Y 协调指数 ,在初次治疗时其均值为 0 .94 ,标准差为 0 .0 6 ;而在随访时所得的均值为 0 .8     

硅橡胶鼻假体用于唇裂继发鼻畸形术的护理

目的:探讨行硅橡胶鼻假体,矫正单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形术的护理.方法:通过延长鼻小柱,纠正鼻小柱和鼻中隔的偏斜,广泛游离患侧鼻翼软骨,分三点悬吊固定患侧鼻翼软骨,同期植入硅橡胶L型鼻假体整复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形24例.结果:24例均一期愈合,随访3～12个月效果患者均满意.结论:采用硅橡胶L型鼻假体整复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形,配合正确护理效果更佳.     

生化检查对人工髋关节感染的诊断价值

目的评价翻修术前生化检查对人工髋关节感染的诊断价值。方法对145例人工髋关节翻修患者进行回顾性分析,分别以血沉(ESR)和C-反应蛋白(CRP)作为诊断标准对人工髋关节感染进行诊断,并与“金标准”的诊断结果进行比较分析。结果血沉和CRP诊断人工髋关节感染的灵敏度分别为57.89%、68.42%,特异度分别为85.71%、88.89%,阳性预测值分别为37.93%、48.15%,阴性预测值分别为93.10%、94.92%,准确度分别为20.00、18.62,Youden指数分别为0.44、0.57。结论血沉和CRP作为人工髋关节翻修术前的常规检查,对人工髋关节感染的诊断具有筛选价值;两者结合起互补作用,可以增加诊断的准确性。     

依托咪酯和丙泊酚诱导对心脏瓣膜置换术病人血流动力学的影响

目的:观察丙泊酚或依托咪酯全麻诱导对心脏瓣膜置换病人血流动力学的影响。方法:选择心功能Ⅲ级,择期行心脏瓣膜置换病人50例,随机分为丙泊酚组(P组)及依托咪酯组(E组),每组25例,分别静脉注射丙泊酚2.5m g/kg和依托咪酯乳剂0.3m g/kg,再给予维库溴铵0.15m g/kg和芬太尼4μg/kg,3m in后行气管内插管。记录诱导前、诱导后1m in、3m in以及插管后1m in、3m in和5m in时的心率(HR)、动脉收缩压(SBP)、动脉舒张压(SDP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)和脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)。结果:用药后两组病人血压和心率均呈不同程度下降,诱导后3m in,丙泊酚组SBP、DBP比诱导前显著降低(P<0.01)、HR显著减慢(P<0.05),而依托咪酯组SBP、DBP、HR与诱导前比较无显著差异。气管插管后两组SBP、DBP和HR均上升,但与诱导前比较均无显著差异。组间比较,两组病人诱导后3m in,丙泊酚组SBP、DBP明显降于依托咪酯组(P<0.05)。结论:对心功能差的心脏瓣膜置换术患者,依托咪酯比丙泊酚诱导可获得平稳的血流动力学,有效地抑制插管时的心血管不良反应。     

发育性髋脱位髋臼容积的CT测量与分析

目的探讨髋脱位儿童髋臼容积的测量及意义。方法应用CT技术，测量正常组（34髋）和异常组（36髋）的髋臼容积、股骨头体积。结果正常组儿童的髋臼容积较脱位组明显增大，二者直线回归方程的截距差异有统计学意义。结论髋关节脱位的患儿髋臼发育差，与股骨头呈现明显的不匹配；早期手法复位时髋臼容积可以作为测量指标。手术复位前也应了解髋臼容积的变化。     

Influence of the femoral head size on early postoperative gait restoration after total hip arthroplasty

Background We investigated the effects of using large-diameter femoral heads in total hip prostheses on eady postoperative gait restoration in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods We collected data for 19 primary THAs using 28-mm metal-on-polyethylene heads (conventional group) and for 12 THAs (BHR group) using metal-on-metal femoral heads with an average size of 45 mm (range, 40-49 mm). All patients had unilateral femoral head avascular necrosis. All patients underwent Harris Hip Scores evaluation and gait analysis with the IDEEA device at the same 3 time points which were before surgery and then at 1 month and again at 3 months after surgery, and the parameters measured were walking speed, stride length (SL), single limb support (SLS), cycle duration (CD), and swing power (SP). Harris Hip Scores and gait analysis parameters for both groups were compared.Results Intraclass comparison indicated that Harris Hip Scores, speed scores, and gait parameter measures in both groups improved significantly with the passage of time; Interclass comparison showed no significance between Harris1m postop - Harrispreop and Harris3m postop- Harrispreop in both groups. The speed in the BHR group at 1 month and at 3 months after surgery was significantly higher than that of conventional group. At 1 month after surgery, each mean for SLnormal-SLaffected, (SLSnormal - SLSaffected)/CD, and SPnormal - SPaffocted in the BHR group was significantly lower than that for the conventional group. At 3 months after surgery, the differences between means for both groups for SLnormal - SLaffected.(SLSnormal- SLSaffected)/CD, and SPnormal - SPaffected were not significant, but the mean of SPnormal - SPaffected in the BHR group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group.Conclusions Our data suggest that large-diameter femoral heads in THA provide better early gait restoration than conventional-size femoral heads.     

纳米生物陶瓷在听小骨重建及乳突修复中的应用

目的 探讨以纳米羟基磷灰石（HA）为材料的生物陶瓷听骨假体替代中耳听骨缺损的生物相容性、手术应用及临床效果。方法 健康、白色豚鼠12只（24耳），双侧听泡置入HA块，1-4个月后每月3只断头取双侧听泡（6个），行植人物表面接触缘大体形态学及扫描电镜检查。临床应用HA行中耳手术47例，包括听骨链重建、外耳道后壁重建、乳突填充。结果 12只豚鼠23只听泡光镜及扫描电镜检查，植人物界面形态良好，结构完整，边界清晰。临床鼓室成形术病例术后愈合良好，听力较术前提高16dBHL；耳道后壁重建1例外耳道后壁感染，乳突填充病例术后外耳道宽敞，上皮愈合良好，愈合时间明显缩短。结论 HA作为听骨替代物及重建材料，以其优良的理化生物相容性在听骨链重建术、乳突填充外耳道后壁重建中均为合适的应用选择，所设计的HA听骨假体在材料选择及外形尺寸方面均适合于临床应用。     

人工假体置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间不稳定型骨折

目的 :探讨水泥型人工假体置换术治疗高龄老人不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的新方法。方法 :应用水泥型人工假体置换治疗高龄老年人不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折 2 2例。结果 :术后均在 14 d内下床活动 ,无肺炎、褥疮等并发症发生。经 0 .5 a～ 2 a随访 ,未发生假体下沉、松动现象 ,髋关节功能优良率达 90 %。结论 :人工假体置换是一种治疗高龄老年人不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的有效方法 ,利于早期康复。