Chemical comparison and classification of Radix Astragali by determination of isoflavonoids and astragalosides

Eleven major isoflavonoids and three major astragalosides in the xylem and bark of cultivated Radix Astragali (RA) from different cultivated regions of China were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the contents of astragalosides in the bark are up to 74-fold higher than in the xylem, and that thin roots contained more astragalosides than thick roots. Although the contents of isoflavonoids varied between samples, no significant difference was observed between the isoflavonoids content of xylem and bark, or between that of thin and thick roots. It was also found that the chemical profile of isoflavonoids in the xylem and bark are related to their cultivated regions. Constituents in either xylem or bark were divided into five groups according to their chemical structures: (1) Group 1 (G1), contained calycosin and related constituents; (2) Group 2 (G2), contained ononin and related constituents; (3) Group 3 (G3), contained (6aR,11aR)-3-hydroxy-9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan and related constituents; (4) Group 4 (G4), contained (3R)-7,2′-dihydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxyisoflavan and related constituents; and (5) Group 5 (G5), contained astragalosides, compounds AG I, AG II, and AG IV. Based on the integrated contents of constituents in each group, the cultivated region of RA was successfully distinguished by principal components analysis (PCA). Chemical constituents in RA cultivated from different regions of China were compared and it was concluded that the quality of thin RA roots is better than thick RA roots.     

中国新生儿万古霉素血药浓度监测回顾性分析

目的:分析中国新生儿万古霉素治疗药物浓度监测(TDM)现状,为临床用药提供建议。方法:检索中文数据库中国知网、万方数据、维普网,检索时限为建库至2017年12月31日,纳入新生儿万古霉素TDM文献,统计监测例次、监测依据、监测方法、给药方案、首次采血时间、谷浓度范围、不良反应。结果:纳入14篇文献,1273例新生儿的万古霉素TDM 1968例次。多数文献明确了以指南或专家共识作为监测依据,测定方法以高效液相色谱法为主(71.80%),92.38%的TDM采用了说明书的给药方案,73.68%的TDM采用4~5个维持剂量采血;21.24%的TDM谷浓度平均值在10~20 mg/L之间,78.76%的TDM谷浓度平均值<10 mg/L,不良反应发生率为15.24%。结论:中国新生儿万古霉素TDM数量较少,且60%以上的谷浓度监测结果不在治疗范围内,加强TDM十分必要。     

A depot neuroleptic withdrawal study

A double-blind withdrawal trial in 41 chronic schizophrenic outpatients was carried out during 6 months. Depot neuroleptics (fluphenazine decanoate or flupenthixol decanoate) were compared with placebo to evaluate clinical and neurological effects during continued therapy and during withdrawal. The drugs were significantly more effective than placebo in preventing relapse and rehospitalization. In the placebo group 62% relapsed compared to 27% in the drug group. There was a weak and nonsignificant tendency to a higher relapse frequency in the flupenthixol group compared to the fluphenazine group. After withdrawal for 6 months, plasma levels for fluphenazine were detectable. Plasma levels for flupenthixol were not detectable after 9 weeks of withdrawal. The differences in the plasma levels may possibly explain the difference in relapse rate between the two depot neuroleptics. Furthermore, it was found that the patients who relapsed during fluphenazine treatment had a significantly lower plasma level of the drug than patients who did not relapse during treatment. The results from this study provide some information on the therapeutic levels of fluphenazine and flupenthixol in schizophrenic patients.     

SCN1A、SCN2A基因多态性对癫痫儿童丙戊酸钠治疗效果的影响研究

目的：分析SCN1A、SCN2A基因多态性对丙戊酸钠治疗癫痫患儿的疗效影响。方法：采用PCR和Sanger测序法检测128例丙戊酸钠规范治疗的癫痫患儿（有效组76例、无效组52例）外周血SCN1A（rs10188577、rs2298771、rs3812718、rs1813502）、SCN2A（rs2304016、rs17183814）多态性。采用非条件Logistic回归分析基因型、等位基因频率与丙戊酸钠疗效的关系,分析不同基因型患者丙戊酸钠血药浓度的差异。结果：SCN1A基因rs3812718位点多态性与丙戊酸钠治疗效果有关。携带GA和AA基因型的患者用丙戊酸钠治疗有效（GG vs GA：OR=1.186,95%CI 0.965~2.304,P=0.015;GG vs AA：OR=1.252,95%CI 1.007~3.254,P=0.002）。有效组SCN1A基因rs3812718位点A等位基因频率明显高于无效组（OR=1.452,95%CI 1.052~2.695,P=0.010）。其余基因位点组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：SCN1A基因rs3812718位点多态性可能与丙戊酸钠抗癫痫效应有关。     

金钱草颗粒剂质量标准的研究

目的探讨金钱草颗粒剂的质量标准。方法采用TLC对金钱草颗粒剂处方中的柴胡、延胡索及大黄进行定性鉴别;采用HPLC对其主药金钱草中的槲皮素进行定量分析。结果该方法定性鉴别薄层色谱特征明显,专属性强;样品中槲皮素在1.8960～30.3360μg·mL-1内线性关系良好（r=0.9998）,平均回收率为97.73%,RSD=1.34%。结论用该方法作定性、定量分析简便、快速、专属性强,可有效控制制剂的质量。     

头孢曲松钠联合不同浓度痰热清注射液治疗小儿支气管肺炎的疗效及安全性

[摘要]目的：观察头孢曲松钠联合不同配制浓度的痰热清注射液治疗小儿支气管肺炎的疗效及安全性。方法：回顾性分析328例头孢曲松合用痰热清注射液的支气管肺炎患儿,按照痰热清药液的稀释倍数分为高（<10倍）、中（10~25倍）、低（>25倍）3个浓度组,形成三个联合治疗组,观察各组临床疗效及安全性。结果：与低浓度组相比,高、中浓度组症状和体征恢复时间相当且较短（P<0.05）,临床疗效相似且更优（P<0.05）。中浓度组（3.59%）、低浓度组（2.74%）不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,均低于高浓度联合治疗组（12.5%,P<0.05）。结论：不同浓度的痰热清注射液可对头孢曲松治疗小儿支气管肺炎的疗效与安全性产生影响,按说明书规定的溶液配制浓度适当稀释可安全、有效辅助治疗小儿支气管肺炎,减少药物不良反应。     

高效液相色谱法测定头孢曲松钠中2-巯基苯并噻唑含量

摘要：目的 建立测定头孢曲松钠中基因毒性杂质2-巯基苯并噻唑含量的反相高效液相色谱法。方法 采用十八烷基硅 烷键合硅胶为填充剂(Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq C18,4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)的色谱柱,流动相为1%甲酸溶液-乙腈(60:40, V/V),流速0.5 mL/min,检测波长320 nm,柱温25℃。结果 定量限为0.5 ppm(相当于样品浓度的百分比为0.00005%),检测 限为0.15 ppm。2-巯基苯并噻唑在0.0051~0.2051 μg/mL浓度范围内,线性方程为y=6.4195x-0.0098,r=0.9996＞0.999。回收率为 86.3%~102.3%(RSD＜10.0%,n=9)。结论 该方法操作简便、专属性强、灵敏度高,可有效检出头孢曲松钠中2-巯基苯并噻唑 的含量。     

辛伐他汀对原发性高胆固醇血症患者hs-CRP、vWF的影响

目的探讨辛伐他汀对原发性高胆固醇血症（HC）患者高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、血管假性血友病因子（vWF）的影响。方法选择HC患者48例,每晚口服辛伐他汀20 mg,分别于治疗前、治疗后4、8周进行hs-CRP、vWF、血脂等指标的测定;另选20例健康体检者对照。结果辛伐他汀治疗前后HC患者血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量显著下降（P〈0.05）,高密度胆固醇（HDL-C）含量升高（P〈0.05）。HC患者血清、hs-CRP、血浆vWF含量较正常对照组显著升高（P〈0.05）。辛伐他汀治疗4周后,hs-CRP显著降低（P〈0.05）;治疗8周后,vWF显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论HC患者存在动脉粥样硬化发生发展的基础,辛伐他汀不但能有效调节血脂,而且能抑制炎症反应,修复血管内皮,从而稳定病情发展。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血糖血钙的检测及临床意义

目的探讨新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病（HIE）血糖、血钙的变化及临床意义。方法对我院2006-01-12收治的60例HIE患儿进行血糖、血钙检测。结果HIE患儿易发生糖代谢紊乱及低钙血症,并且与病情轻重程度具有明显相关性。