外周血血红蛋白、血小板计数、血浆纤维蛋白原及D-二聚体检测预测孕晚期产妇产后出血的价值分析

目的:探讨孕晚期纤维蛋白原(Fib)、D-二聚体(D-D)、血小板(PLT)计数、血红蛋白(Hb)检测对产后出血的预测价值.方法:选择37例产后出血产妇为产后出血组(包括严重产后出血11例);选择40例正常产妇为对照组.比较两组产妇孕晚期Fib、D-D、PLT及Hb水平.结果:产后出血组D-D水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);两组Fib、PLT及Hb水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).普通产后出血产妇Fib、PLT及Hb水平显著高于严重产后出血产妇,D-D水平显著低于严重产后出血产妇(P＜0.05).Fib及D-D对产后出血具有一定预测价值.Fib水平越高,发生产后出血的几率越低(P＜0.05);D-D水平越高,发生产后出血的几率越高(P＜0.05).PLT及Hb对产后出血无预测价值(P＞0.05).结论:检测孕晚期Fib及D-D水平对产后出血具有一定预测价值.     

Survival and mortality among users and non-users of hydroxyurea with sickle cell disease

OBJECTIVE:

to estimate survival, mortality and cause of death among users or not of hydroxyurea with sickle cell disease.

METHOD:

cohort study with retrospective data collection, from 1980 to 2010 of patients receiving inpatient treatment in two Brazilian public hospitals. The survival probability was determined using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, survival calculations (SPSS version 10.0), comparison between survival curves, using the log rank method. The level of significance was p=0.05.

RESULTS:

of 63 patients, 87% had sickle cell anemia, with 39 using hydroxyurea, with a mean time of use of the drug of 20.0±10.0 years and a mean dose of 17.37±5.4 to 20.94±7.2 mg/kg/day, raising the fetal hemoglobin. In the comparison between those using hydroxyurea and those not, the survival curve was greater among the users (p=0.014). A total of 10 deaths occurred, with a mean age of 28.1 years old, and with Acute Respiratory Failure as the main cause.

CONCLUSION:

the survival curve is greater among the users of hydroxyurea. The results indicate the importance of the nurse incorporating therapeutic advances of hydroxyurea in her care actions.     

类风湿性关节炎患者铁调素的检测意义

目的检测类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者血清铁调素(Hepc)水平的变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法2012年8月—2014年2月接受治疗的RA患者72例作为病例组,选取正常体检人群54例作为健康对照组。以Hepc的血清水平(5.86 ng/ml)为界限将RA组分为正常亚组和升高亚组。比较2组受试者的炎性因子、血红蛋白(Hb)、Hepc水平和疾病活动性评分(DAS28),并探讨RA患者血清Hepc水平与患者临床指标间的相关性。结果 RA组患者的CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、Hb和Hepc的水平均显著高于健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.445、3.293、3.910、2.874,8.572,P均<0.01);Hepc正常亚组患者的DAS28评分、IL-6水平均显著低于Hepc升高亚组(t=3.142、4.420,P均<0.01);RA组患者的Hepc水平与DAS28、类风湿因子(RF)、IL-6水平呈线性正相关关系(r=0.288,P<0.01;r=0.271,P=0.01;r=0.301,P=0.02)。结论 Hepc与RA患者的机体炎性状况、疾病活动程度有着明显的相关性。     

Increased hemoglobin A1c level associates with low left atrial appendage flow velocity in patients of atrial fibrillation

Background and aimsHigh hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc) level is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and thromboembolic events [1]. The study sought to explored the association between HbAlc and left atrial appendage flow velocity (LAAV) among non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.Methods and resultsA total of 249 consecutive non-valvular AF patients who underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were divided into two subgroups according to the median of LAAV level (<45 cm/s, ≥45 cm/s). Blood samples and other baseline clinical data of all patients were collected and analyzed. The low LAAV group included 126 patients and the high LAAV group included 123 patients. Patients in the low LAAV group were older and had a higher percentage of persistent AF, chronic heart failure, and higher CHA2DS2-VASc score (P < 0.05). HbAlc level in the low LAAV group was significantly higher than the high LAAV group [6.1 (5.7–6.5)% vs 5.9 (5.6–6.2)%, P = 0.010]. The low LAAV group had larger left atrial diameter (LAD), left atrial area (LAA), higher left atrial pressure (LAP), and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (P < 0.05). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the HbAlc level was negatively correlated with LAAV (r = −0.211, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that female gender (OR = 2.233, 95% CI 1.110–4.492, P = 0.024), persistent AF (OR = 6.610, 95% CI 3.109–14.052, P < 0.001), and HbAlc (OR = 1.903, 95% CI 1.092–3.317, P = 0.023) were independent factors that associated with low LAAV in AF patients.ConclusionIncreased HbAlc level is associated with decreased LAAV and may reflect a low contractile function of the left atrial appendage.     

Identification of hemoglobin Q India (α 1–64 Asp–His) through ARMS-PCR. First report from Pakistan

Various hemoglobinopathies have been reported from Pakistan excepting the rare ones like hemoglobin Q India. Our purpose of study was to identify the mutation (α 1 64 aspartate to histidine) through amplification restriction mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) in patients where hemoglobin Q has been detected via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and also to evaluate the cost effectiveness of the two technologies. All patients irrespective of age and gender who underwent HPLC for identification of their hemoglobin variant during January 1, 2006 to January 30, 2007 were studied. The blood samples with unknown peak at a retention time of 4.7 min were evaluated at the molecular level. Analysis of HPLC tracings of 11,008 subjects over a thirteen-month period identified ten individuals with hemoglobin Q. Male to female ratio was 1:1.5 and their age was variable ranging from 1 to 49 (mean 22.8) years. The mean hemoglobin level was 11.3 g/dl while MCV (fl) and MCH (pg) were 73.0 and 20.8 respectively. HPLC showed an unknown peak of 17.7% which was detected as Hb Q. ARMS based PCR showed Hb Q specific product of 370 bp and also an amplified product of 766 bp as the control fragment in these samples. This is the first ever report that documents the presence of Hb Q India (α 64 Asp to His) in Pakistani population. We recommend that HPLC be used as a useful screening tool especially in developing countries where PCR facilities may not be accessible.     

促红素对肝硬化大鼠血清—氧化氮含量的影响

目的探讨血红蛋白（Ｈｂ）对肝硬化大鼠血清一氧化氮（ＮＯ）含量及血流动力学的影响。方法应用５７Ｃｏ标记微球观察促红素长期治疗对肝硬化大鼠血流动力学参数的影响；应用荧光法测定大鼠血清ＮＯ含量。结果肝硬化大鼠全部出现高动力循环状态，且血清ＮＯ含量显著高于对照组、血Ｈｂ含量显著低于对照组；促红素治疗组，高动力循环状态明显改善，与未治疗组比较，Ｈｂ含量显著升高，血清ＮＯ含量显著降低。结论促红素致Ｈｂ增加，进而加速ＮＯ灭活对肝硬化高动力循环状态可能具有潜在治疗作用     

Human Hemoglobin Shares Bioactivities Ascribed to Human Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α

Hemoglobin mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis has been evaluated in Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) sensitive cell line, U937 and compared with TNF‐α. Both species of hemoglobin, Hemoglobin A₂ and Hemoglobin A₀ induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in U937 cell as measured by flow cytometry and 3‐(4,5‐dihydro‐6‐(4‐(3,4‐dimethoxybenzooyl)‐1‐piperazinyl)‐2(1H)‐quinoline (MTT) assay respectively. Different concentration of Hemoglobin A₀ (4 ng/mL to 4000 ng/mL) induced apoptosis ranging from 9% to 16% in U937 cells. 4000 ng/mL hemoglobin A₀ showed maximal apoptotic cells. TNF‐α showed 87% apoptotic U937 cells at concentration of 1 pg/mL. HbA₀ displayed cytotoxicity in U937 cell line at higher concentration in comparison to TNF‐α. 4000 ng/mL of hemoglobin A₀ showed optimal cytotoxic response in U937 cells. A dose response curve was also observed with varying doses of hemoglobin A₀. U937 cells pretreated with serum activated LPS for 1 hr and incubated with different concentration of hemoglobin or human TNF‐α for 24 h reduced the cytotoxic effect on U937. Dexamethasone treatment of U937 cells helped in protecting the HbA₀ and HbA₂ mediated cytotoxicity and anti‐TNF‐α antibody neutralized the hemoglobin mediated apoptosis and cytotoxicity. It is therefore apparent that human hemoglobin shares some of the bioactivities previously ascribed to TNF‐α. Sharing of bioactivities of TNF‐α by hemoglobin is interesting and suggests that cell free hemoglobin can mimic TNF‐α functionally.     

Sleep interventions and glucose metabolism: systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveSleep disturbances (insufficient or poor sleep quality) have been linked to abnormal glucose metabolism. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the effects of behavioral and pharmacological sleep interventions on glucose metabolism.MethodsMedline and Embase were used for systematic search. Studies reporting behavioral or pharmacological interventions in population with sleep disturbances, with measured outcomes of glucose metabolism and sleep parameters were selected.ResultsTwenty two studies were eligible for review (eight were conducted in people with type 2 diabetes). Studies were grouped into three types of intervention: sleep extension (n = 6), sleep education or cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I, n = 6) and pharmacological interventions (n = 10). CBT-I and sleep education resulted in significantly improved self-reported sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, mean difference, MD, −1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.83, −0.80), non-significant reduction in hemoglobin A1c level (MD -0.35%, 95% CI -0.84, 0.13), and non-significant reduction in fasting glucose levels (MD -4.76 mg/dL, 95% CI -14.19, 4.67). Other studies were not eligible for meta-analysis due to heterogeneity of interventions or outcomes. Sleep extension was able to increase sleep duration by varying degrees in short sleepers, and five of six studies demonstrated relationships between the intervention and measures of insulin resistance. A majority of pharmacological intervention studies showed improved sleep but the effects on glucose metabolism were mixed.ConclusionsAvailable sleep interventions were effective in improving sleep but the effects on glucose metabolism were inconclusive. Larger randomized studies with consistent outcome measurements are needed to demonstrate this potential causal relationship.     

Effects of preoperative long-term glycemic control on operative outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy

Background

Diabetes mellitus is postulated to be both a risk factor and manifestation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study evaluated the effects of preoperative glycemic control as determined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).

Methods

A prospective cohort study whereby HbA1c was assessed preoperatively in 243 patients undergoing PD was performed. The primary outcome measure was operative morbidity. Secondary outcomes included individual adverse events, time to dietary resumption, and length of stay.

Results

Preoperative HbA1c ranged from 4.0% to 13.5%. Overall morbidity and incidence of specific adverse events were similar regardless of preoperative HbA1c. No correlation between HbA1c and length of stay, dietary resumption, or readmission was observed. Pancreatic fistula formation had a decreased incidence in patients with elevated versus normal HbA1c (2.2% vs 9.6%, P = .083).

Conclusions

PD can be safely performed in patients with HbA1c levels suggestive of poor long-term preoperative glycemic control. Medical efforts to optimize HbA1c should not delay resection.