大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂合并巨大血肿的外科治疗

目的 探讨大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂合并颅内巨大血肿的外科治疗策略和经验.方法 15例大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂合并巨大颅内血肿的患者,男6例,女9例,年龄17 ～65岁(平均45岁),13例造影共计14个动脉瘤,1例合并后交通动脉动脉瘤.颅内血肿量25 ～ 60 ml,按术前Hunt - Hess分级:Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级11例,Ⅴ级1例.术前4例患者出现单侧瞳孔散大,1例发生双侧瞳孔散大,所有患者给予急诊手术治疗.结果 15例患者中,11例急诊行额颞开颅,血肿清除+动脉瘤夹闭术,其中7例患者去除骨瓣;3例患者急诊造影时直接行介入栓塞,然后行小骨窗开颅;1例外院行开颅血肿清除术,转入我院造影后直接行介入治疗.随访14例,随访时间6 - 48个月.GOS预后评分显示可正常生活或工作,恢复良好7例;中度致残,生活自理4例;遗留偏瘫,但生活可基本自理,重度致残2例;生活不能自理,死亡2例.结论 早期手术清除血肿,夹闭动脉瘤,去骨瓣减压有助于术后神经功能恢复.术前Hunt - Hess分级较轻,年龄大,动脉瘤窄颈,行动脉瘤栓塞+小骨窗开颅,血肿清除术是一种治疗选择.     

Serial MR Imaging of Intramuscular Hematoma: Experimental Study in a Rat Model with the Pathologic Correlation

Objective

We wanted to demonstrate the temporal changes of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in experimentally-induced intramuscular hematomas in rats and to correlate these data with the concurrent pathologic observations.

Materials and Methods

Intramuscular hematoma was induced in 30 rats. The MR images were obtained at 1, 4, 7 and 10 days and at 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after muscle injury. The characteristic serial MRI findings were evaluated and the relative signal intensities were calculated. Pathologic specimens were obtained at each time point.

Results

On the T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), the intramuscular hematomas exhibited isointensity compared to that of muscle or the development of a high signal intensity (SI) rim on day one after injury. The high SI persisted until eight weeks after injury. On the T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), the hematomas showed high SI or centrally low SI on day one after injury, and mainly high SI after four days. A dark signal rim was apparent after seven days, which was indicative of hemosiderin on the pathology. The gradient echo (GRE) imaging yielded dark signal intensities at all stages.

Conclusion

Unlike brain hematomas, experimentally-induced intramuscular hematomas show increased SI on both the T1WI and T2WI from the acute stage onward, and this is pathologically correlated with a rich blood supply and rapid healing response to injury in the muscle. On the T2WI and GRE imaging, high SI with a peripheral dark signal rim is apparent from seven days to the chronic stage.     

经额部与经颞部血肿钻孔引流术治疗高血压脑出血疗效的Meta分析

目的比较经额部与经颞部血肿钻孔引流术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效。 方法按照制定的检索策略，检索中国知网、万方、维普等中文数据库及Medline、Embase、Cochrane等英文数据库，对于符合纳入排除标准的研究利用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果经检索，5个临床研究符合标准，共488例病例，其中经额部钻孔引流组236例，经颞部钻孔引流组252例。2组在手术时间、术后第7天血肿残余量及术后并发症发生率方面比较差异无统计学意义，经额部钻孔引流组在术后第3天血肿残余量、住院时间、术后日常活动能力方面更有优势。 结论经额部血肿钻孔引流较经颞部在血肿清除效率、改善预后方面更有优势。     

单管法与双管法血肿穿刺外引流治疗高血压基底节区脑出血的疗效

目的：观察单管法与双管法血肿穿刺外引流治疗高血压基底节区脑出血的疗效。方法选取2011-03-2012-04在我院治疗的高血压基底节区脑出血患者80例为研究对象，根据治疗方法随机分为2组各40例，单管组患者实施单管血肿穿刺外引流，双管组实施双管血肿穿刺外引流，观察2组治疗效果并进行对比。结果双管组患者生活能力评分改善情况显著优于单管组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0·05）；双管组中出血量≥50 mL患者的治疗效果优于单管组（P＜0·05），不良反应主要以颅内感染和迟发性脑出血为主，2组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0·05）。结论双管法血肿穿刺外引流治疗高血压基底节区脑出血的效果优于单管法，值得推广。     

Prediction of hematoma expansion in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: Our institutional experience

BackgroundSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is a disease process with high morbidity and mortality. In particular, hematoma expansion (HE) is a feared complication of sICH. With 15–40% of patients experiencing HE, it has become increasingly important to predict which sICH will remain stable and which will expand.ObjectiveWith new treatment options being developed, it is becoming increasingly important to be able to predict which hemorrhages are at high versus low risk for expansion. The authors of this study hope to reexamine variables associated with hematoma expansion in hopes of generating newer data on risk factors for expansion.MethodsA retrospective analysis identified 334 patients who presented with sICH. The primary outcome was HE on follow up head CT. HE was defined as a greater than 33% increase or an absolute increase in 6 mL or more in overall volume between the two sets of CT images. Analysis was performed using unpaired t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate.ResultsOf the 334 patients, 247 (74.0%) did not experience an expansion of their ICH while 87 (26.0%) did. Multivariable logistic regression was performed demonstrating ICH score of 3 or greater (4.76 (95% CI 2.60–8.72, p < 0.001) , cortical location of the sICH (1.77 (95% CI 1.03–3.04, p = 0.038), and presence of a fluid level (6.46 (95% CI 2.28–18.3, p < 0.001) as significant predictors of HE.ConclusionsOur study found that fluid–fluid levels on non-contrast CT, an ICH score 3 or greater, and lobar sICH were all more likely to expand.