自发性硬脊膜外血肿发病的解剖因素探讨

目的　探讨自发性脊髓硬膜外血肿（SSEH）发病中的解剖学因素。 方法　分析1995~2010年10例接受手术的SSEH患者临床表现、诊治经过及病理结果。 结果　10例患者均行随访,时间6-18个月,手术治疗的患者中2例患者受累肢体神经功能完全恢复;8例患者除大小便功能不同程度改善外,肢体的运动感觉功能无明显恢复。术中所见并结合病理检查,血肿组织者10例,血管畸形者。 结论　SSEH病因不明确,多发病急,发展迅速,预后差。自发性的出血可能与硬脊膜外隐匿性血管瘤或静脉血管扩张等有关,解剖学因素在发病中起到重要作用。     

Implanted subdural electrodes: safety issues and complication avoidance

Invasive electroencephalography via subdural implanted electrodes is essential for the identification and localization of the epileptogenic focus in a large percentage of cases of medically refractory epilepsy. The implantation of subdural electrodes constitutes a widely used method for the preoperative investigation of these patients. However, their implantation has been associated with the occurrence of some rare but potentially serious complications. This article systematically reviews the literature regarding safety issues, potential complications, and complication avoidance strategies associated with the implantation of subdural electrodes. Knowledge of all the reported complications may help in their early detection and their prompt management.     

Chronic subdural hematoma associated with sylvian arachnoid cyst in juvenile athletes: report of two cases and literature review

The association of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) and arachnoid cyst (AC) is uncommon. We reported 2 juvenile athletes with CSDH associated with AC which occurred in their daily sports activities and reviewed the literature. Both of them were treated surgically, with satisfactory outcome. AC is a common predisposing factor in young patients with CSDH. The complication of intracranial bleeding is an indication for surgical management. Though there are still controversies in the treatment of asymptomatic AC, it is the consensus that the patients with AC should avoid violent sports so as to reduce the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage resulted from head injuries.     

Orbital subperiotal hematoma associated with extradural hematoma: one case report

Subperiotal hematoma of the orbit associated with extradural hematoma has been rarely reported in the literature. We report a case of an 8-year-old girl who presented after traumatism, a subperiotal hematoma of the orbit with two extradural hematomas. During the first clinical examination realized while the patient was unconscious, left exophthalmia was found, but after conscious improvement, we discovered ophtalmoplegia and a grade I papilla edema. The CT scan showed two extradural hematomas and a left intraorbital hematoma. The intraorbital hematoma was drained by surgical way but the extradural hematomas were not surgical. The outcome has been marked by the neurological improvement and the oculomotricity recovering.     

主动脉壁内血肿256层螺旋CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的探讨主动脉壁内血肿CT表现及其鉴别诊断。方法分析15例主动脉壁内血肿256层螺旋CT血管成像特征。结果 15例主动脉壁内血肿A型6例,B型9例,直接征象:主动脉壁环形或新月形增厚,无内膜破裂;间接征象:主动脉粥样硬化、内膜钙化内移、内膜渗漏、穿透性溃疡。结论主动脉壁内血肿256层螺旋CT表现具有特征性,需与其它病变鉴别。     

主动脉壁间血肿误诊为泌尿系结石原因分析

目的探讨主动脉壁间血肿(aortic intramural hematoma,IMH)临床特点及误诊原因。方法对我院收治的1例误诊为泌尿系结石IMH的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并复习相关文献。结果患者因左侧腹部疼痛伴腰部疼痛5 d,加重1 d入院。外院诊断为泌尿系结石,予相应治疗无效。入我院后2次查血浆D-二聚体和肌酸激酶均升高,高度怀疑主动脉夹层或撕裂,急行主动脉CT血管造影检查,确诊IMH,予控制血压、心率,降低左室收缩力及收缩速率,镇静、止痛等对症处理,病情缓解。结论临床表现不典型、诊断思维局限、缺乏诊断经验及未行特异性影像学检查是造成IMH误诊主要原因。     

经食管超声心动图诊断降主动脉壁内血肿1例

患者男,65岁,既往高血压病史13年,18天前无明显诱因出现胸部剧痛半小时,以心前区为主,呈持续性,伴后背放射痛,大汗淋漓,外院予硝酸甘油静脉点滴、阿司匹林口服等药物治疗后胸痛仍无缓解.入院查体:心脏未见明显异常.心电图:窦性心律,V1～～V2 ST段上移0.2mV,V5～V9ST段上移0.05～0.10 mV,V5～V9T波倒置,左心室肥厚.经胸超声心动图:降主动脉内膜不光滑,增厚,呈不均质低回声,未见确切破口,未探及血流信号.     

颈椎病治疗致脊髓硬膜外血肿的MRI 诊断

目的 对颈椎病例治疗致脊髓硬膜外血肿（SEH）的MR和临床表现进行评价。方法 本组4例SEH的患者均在二级以上医院诊断为颈椎病,行按摩治疗而急性发病。均作MRI检查,并有手术病理证实。结果 在MRI图像上,血肿分别位于硬膜外腔的左后、右后及正后方。1例血肿与椎间盘突出部位相一致。T1加权能准确地显示血肿的部位及范围而最有价值;T2加权反映血肿随时间发生的信号变化。出血量少时,显示欠佳,但梯度回波序列可弥补其不足。结论 颈椎病治疗致SEH虽属少见,但应经 医务工作者重视,要获得理想的临床疗效,就必须做到诊断准确,并及时地手术治疗,解除脊髓压迫。     

CT混合征与CT血管成像斑点征对急性脑出血血肿扩大的预测价值

目的分析CT混合征与CT血管成像(CTA)斑点征对急性脑出血患者血肿扩大的预测价值。方法回顾性连续纳入2016年3月至2018年12月昆明医科大学第二附属医院脑血管病科收治的急性脑出血患者,发病6 h内进行基线CT及CTA扫描,明确血肿体积、部位、形态及密度(混合征及斑点征),并于发病24 h后复查CT判定是否出现血肿扩大,根据判定结果将符合纳入标准的186例急性脑出血患者分为血肿扩大组(56例)和非血肿扩大组(130例)。收集患者一般临床资料并进行组间比较,对血肿扩大的各影响因素进行Logistic回归分析,计算受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积并比较混合征与斑点征对血肿扩大的预测价值。结果血肿扩大组出现混合征[35.7%(20/56)]、斑点征[44.6%(25/56)]的比例明显高于非血肿扩大组[混合征12.3%(16/130)、斑点征15.4%(20/130)],差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为13.738、18.269,均P<0.01);患者入院时存在CT混合征(OR=3.273,95%CI:1.955~5.413)、CTA斑点征(OR=3.207,95%CI:1.275~8.069)及低GCS评分(OR=1.382,95%CI:1.215~1.573)、高血糖(OR=1.281,95%CI:1.088~1.509)、基线血肿体积大(OR=1.118,95%CI:1.023~1.222)、血肿形态不规则(OR=4.530,95%CI:1.297~15.828)均是血肿扩大的独立危险因素。混合征联合斑点征预测血肿扩大的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为51.8%、78.5%、50.9%、79.1%,其ROC曲线下面积为0.666(P<0.01),略高于单一斑点征(曲线下面积0.642,P=0.002)及单一混合征(曲线下面积0.617,P=0.011)。结论除血糖、GCS评分、基线血肿体积、血肿形态以外,混合征、斑点征也与血肿扩大相关。混合征联合斑点征预测急性脑出血血肿扩大的能力优于单一征象。