钻颅注氧置换治疗慢性硬膜下血肿

目的观察钻颅注氧置换治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的临床疗效.方法30例患者局麻后,用颅锥穿颅骨内板,穿刺置入双腔管,先用生理盐水进行血肿冲洗,再注入氧气(每次20m1),使血肿腔内残留液体流出,如此反复操作,直至无液体换出为止.结果术后1周内全部病例的临床症状全部或绝大部分消失.术后2个月后CT复查结果全部病例血气体均基本吸收,无1例复发.随访半年,无1例复发及并发症发生.结论钻颅注氧置换治疗慢性硬膜下血肿是一种操作简便、创伤小、安全可靠、疗效显著确切、适应症宽、所需器械少、易于推广的术式.     

BREUS' MOLE: DNA SHOWS MASSIVE SUBCHORIONIC HEMATOMA IS MATERNAL IN ORIGIN

Breus' mole, a massive subchorionic placental hematoma, is associated with intrauterine growth retardation and second trimester stillbirth. It is relatively rare and, hence, is poorly understood. Initially, Breus' mole was thought to be a consequence of fetal demise, but subsequent observations in placentas of live - born infants as well as identification in prenatal ultrasounds prior to fetal demise discredited this tenet. A number of theories have been proposed to explain the etiology of Breus' mole; some suggest that it is a fetal hemorrhage, others claim a maternal thombosis. However, these theories are based entirely on speculation, and it is unclear from the literature whether the source of the hematoma is maternal or fetal. A macerated female fetus was delivered of a 31 - year - old G1 P0 woman at 24 weeks' gestation; the autopsy showed only marked intrauterine growth retardation while placental examination showed a massive subchorionic hematoma. DNAs extracted from portions of the fresh hematoma, placental villi (i.e., fetal tissue), and maternal blood were compared using molecular analyses. Polymerase chain reaction using primers that identify highly polymorphic loci distinguished fetal from maternal DNAs. This is the first case of Breus' mole analyzed using molecular methods; the source in this case is definitively maternal, suggesting the etiology is maternal thrombosis.     

外伤性幕区积血急性期的CT分析

目的探讨小脑幕外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血与硬膜下血肿急性期的CT影像特征。方法回顾性分析63例外伤性小脑幕积血的CT及临床资料。结果本组63例中,蛛网膜下腔出血55例,其特征性CT表现为小脑幕下的带状高密度内缘呈毛刷状或梳齿状;硬膜下血肿6例,可见沿幕缘单侧分布的边界清楚的直线形、长三角形或半月形带状高密度影;复合积血2例,其积血的区域高密度带多较单纯者为宽,适当降低窗宽和提高窗位隐约可见其密度差,呈分层现象。结论小脑幕区蛛网膜下腔出血与硬膜下血肿CT表现极易混淆,通过增加薄层、侧位或俯卧位扫描并使用窗口技术等方法可进一步鉴别。     

The effects of kinesio taping on the color intensity of superficial skin hematomas: A pilot study

ObjectivesTo analyze the effects of kinesio taping (KT) -applied with three different strains that induced or not the formation of skin creases (called convolutions)- on color intensity of post-surgical superficial hematomas.DesignSingle-blind paired study.SettingRehabilitation clinic.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 13 inpatients with post-surgical superficial hematomas.InterventionsThe tape was applied for 24 consecutive hours. Three tails of KT were randomly applied with different degrees of strain: none (SN); light (SL); and full longitudinal stretch (SF). We expected to obtain correct formation of convolutions with SL, some convolutions with SN, and no convolutions with SF.Main outcome measuresThe change in color intensity of hematomas, measured by means of polar coordinates CIE L*a*b* using a validated and standardized digital images system.ResultsApplying KT to hematomas did not significantly change the color intensity in the central area under the tape (p > 0.05). There was a significant treatment effect (p < 0.05) under the edges of the tape, independently of the formation of convolutions (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe changes observed along the edges of the tape could be related to the formation of a pressure gradient between the KT and the adjacent area, but were not dependent on the formation of skin convolutions.     

Spontaneous rupture of splenic hematoma in a malaria patient: Case report and review of literature

IntroductionBlunt abdominal trauma is the most common cause of splenic rupture. Malaria is the most frequent tropical infectious cause of spontaneous splenic rupture. The exact mechanism is not well-defined.Case reportWe report a case of thirty-year-old male patient known to have malaria who presented with spontaneous splenic rupture. A trial of conservative treatment failed and splenecomy was done to control bleeding.ConclusionSpontaneous splenic rupture should be kept in mind in malaria patients presenting with left upper quadrant pain and signs of hypovolemia. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential.     

Temporal changes in extra-axial brain hematoma's signal intensity in magnetic resonance images of trauma patients: A preliminary,technical study

IntroductionDating the exact or estimated time of trauma is an important issue facing forensic medicine. Several clinical and radiological methods were used to achieve this purpose. In the recent study, we aimed to track the changes in the signal intensity of the extra-axial brain hematoma using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) conventional sequences as well as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).Materials and methodsConsidering inclusion and exclusion criteria, all patients with blunt head trauma were involved. After proper management., stabilization, and resuscitation, the participants were assessed using conventional sequences of MRI and DWI twenty-four hours, forty-eight hours, and three weeks after the injury. Temporal changes of signal intensity were compared by Wilcoxon ranged test.ResultsSixteen patients sustaining blunt head trauma were included in this study. The study showed that during the time, diffusion restriction could be seen in an extraaxial hematoma. At the first 24 hours, the signal of hematoma was void in 87.5% of DWI and 100% of ADC. On the second day, they were hypo-signal in 75% of DWI and 100% 0f ADCs, and after three weeks, 100% of cases were hyper-signal in DWI and hypo-signal ADCs.ConclusionThis preliminary study has shown that the DWI can be used to detect and track the extra-axial hematoma. The signal intensity was void during the first twentyfour hours, although it became hypo-signal after 48 hours. Of note, the diffusion restriction is noted after three weeks.     

Robot-assisted neurosurgery versus conventional treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of this review is to determine the efficacy and safety of robotic surgery for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). PICO question was formulated as: whether robot-assisted neurosurgery is more effective and safer than conventional treatment for ICH with respect to drainage time, complications, operation time, extent of evacuation and neurological function improvement. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online, OVID, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trails, Current Controlled Trials, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), OpenGrey and references of related papers. Key words included robot, robotic, hematoma, hemorrhage and neurosurgery. Then we used Microsoft Excel to collect data. Except from qualitative analysis, we did meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.3. 9 papers were included in qualitative synthesis, 6 in meta-analysis for rebleeding rate and 4 in analysis for operative and drainage time. Qualitative synthesis showed shorter operative time and drainage time, a larger extent of evacuation, better neurological function improvement and less complications in robotic group, while meta-analysis suggested that robot-assisted surgery reduced rebleeding rate compared to other surgical procedures, but whether it is superior to conservative treatment in preventing rebleeding still needs more proof. Meta-analysis for operative and drainage time should be explained cautiously because a significant heterogeneity existed and we supposed that differences in baseline characteristics might influence the results. Finally, we drew a conclusion that robotic neurosurgery is a safe and effective approach which is better than conventional surgery or conservative treatment with respect to rebleeding rate, intracranial infection rate and neurological function improvement.     

血浆和肽素浓度与脑出血早期血肿扩大的相关分析

目的 揭示血浆和肽素浓度对脑出血早期血肿扩大的预测价值.方法选取106脑出血患者和106例健康体检者,采用ELISA法检测血浆和肽素浓度,记录血肿扩大病例,统计分析血浆和肽素浓度与血肿扩大的相关性.结果经t检验,脑出血患者血浆和肽素浓度（470.24±172.05）pg/mL较健康体检者（62.76±24.77）pg/ml显著升高（P〈0.01）.经Spearman相关分析,脑出血患者血浆和肽素浓度与血肿量（r=0.58,P〈0.01）和格拉斯哥昏迷评分（r=-0.57,P〈0.01）显著相关性.本组脑出血病例发生血肿扩大 32例（30.19%）.二分类Logistic回归分析显示,入院时血浆和肽素浓度是血肿扩大的独立危险因素（OR=1.22,95%CI=1.10~2.91,P〈0.01）.ROC曲线分析显示,血浆和肽素浓度显著预测血肿扩大（曲线下面积=0.86,95%CI=0.78~0.92,P〈0.01）,且血浆和肽素浓度大于414.03 pg/mL,对预测血肿扩大有87.50%的灵敏度和67.57%的特异度.结论血浆和肽素浓度与脑出血早期血肿扩大密切相关.     

高血压脑出血血肿增大及术后血肿复发因素分析

目的：分析血肿易增大的因素,提高治疗质量.方法：回顾分析149例高血压脑出血病人的临床资料、影响学特点及治疗方法.结果：血压高、受累血管组增加是血肿增大的直接因素.结论：综合控制血压、镜下操作是能明显降低血肿增加的可能性.