手足口病患儿并发症的临床护理干预

目的手足口病患儿并发症运用临床护理干预达到的护理效果进行分析。方法将我院2013年4月~2013年12月收治的140例手足口病患儿进行随机分组,分为对照组与观察组。观察组70例患儿进行护理干预,对照组的70例患儿进行常规护理,最后比较两组患儿的治疗情况。结果观察组的患儿在入院(2.2±0.3)天开始有了病情的好转,住院时间持续(4.9±1.3)天,出现并发症的情况为6.98%,这样的结果均优于对照组的(3.9±0.7)、(8.9±2.8)以及21.00%,两组所存在的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对手足口病患儿并发症进行护理干预,可以明显的缩短患儿住院时间、加速患儿病情好转,并且可以有效地防止并发症的出现。     

2020年全国社区医院建设追踪监测分析

背景　社区医院建设是新时期满足群众基本医疗卫生服务需求的重要举措，是推动构建优质高效医疗卫生服务体系的关键环节。自2019年开展社区医院试点工作以来，国家紧密出台相关政策文件推动其发展。截至2020年底，我国已成功创建1 410家社区医院，对其建设情况进行监测、分析十分必要。目的　分析2020年全国社区医院监测数据，针对社区医院建设推进过程中存在的问题与困难，提出进一步推动社区医院建设相关政策建议。方法　利用课题组于2020年12月开展的社区医院追踪监测数据，从社区医院达到推荐标准、业务用房建筑面积、实际开放床位数、科室设置、全科医生配置等方面进行分析，梳理各省份2020年社区医院建设工作进展。结果　截至2020年12月，全国创建社区医院1 410个，73.12%（1 023/1 399）的社区医院达到“优质服务基层行”推荐标准，山西省等9个省份的社区医院全部达到推荐标准。2020年，全国已建成的社区医院平均业务用房面积6 822 m2，较2019年增加347 m2，达到“业务用房面积≥3 000 m2”标准的社区医院占比为96.07%（1 343/1 398）；社区医院平均实际开放床位数为91张，较2019年增加3张，达到“实际开放床位数≥30张”标准的社区医院占比为97.13%（1 355/1 395）；社区医院临床科室设置逐渐齐全，除全科医疗科、康复医学科、中医科外达到“其他10个临床专业科室数≥5个”标准的社区医院占比为89.15%（1 241/1 392），2020年新增临床科室占比较多的依次为发热门诊（18.95%，260/1 372）、康复医学科（9.10%，126/1 384）、精神/心理科（6.55%，89/1 358）；社区医院平均配置全科医生16.15人，较2019年增加1.16人。结论　社区医院推进工作进展顺利，数量翻番，基础设施设备加强，临床科室不断增加，服务能力进一步提升；但各省份社区医院建设数量差距较大，部分省份社区医院对标不够，配套政策应持续完善，人才队伍建设是关键环节。社区医院建设应与各地“十四五”规划相衔接，稳步推进；多部门协同配合，强化社区医院政策保障，推动社区医院高质量发展。     

Efecto de la estrategia de promoción de salud escolar Forma Joven

Objective

To evaluate the impact of the Youth Form Strategy (EFJ, Estrategia Forma Joven) on the attitudes and behaviours of students in the fourth year of compulsory secondary school in Seville, Spain.

Vivencias y percepción de los profesionales sanitarios de las urgencias extrahospitalarias ante las agresiones

ObjetivoConocer las opiniones de los profesionales sanitarios que trabajan en el Punto de Atención Continuada de Ourense (PAC) con relación a las agresiones laborales.DiseñoEstudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico realizado entre enero y mayo del 2019.EmplazamientoPAC.ParticipantesVeinte profesionales de distintas categorías.MédodoMuestreo estructural. Se emplearon entrevistas abiertas grabadas en audio, previo consentimiento de los participantes.ResultadosLos profesionales entrevistados manifiestas haber sido víctimas de agresiones, sobre todo verbales. Estas agresiones según los participantes son tan habituales que las han normalizado dentro de su jornada laboral. Ninguno ha denunciado nunca este tipo de conductas, en gran medida porque consideran que la burocracia y los trámites administrativos son tediosos, y otros por desconocimiento del procedimiento. Este tipo de situaciones, a nivel laboral, les causa sentimientos de tristeza, rabia e impotencia y son la causa, según ellos, del aumento de la medicina defensiva. Los profesionales consideran que la causa del aumento de las agresiones entre el colectivo es la mala educación y la gestión inadecuada del empoderamiento del paciente.ConclusionesLos profesionales sanitarios sufren continuamente agresiones, sobre todo de tipo verbal, siendo algo habitual en su día a día. Estas agresiones no son denunciadas, pero les causan múltiples sentimientos negativos y disruptivos, llegando a modificar su manera de trabajar.Palabras clave: Violencia laboral, Personal de salud, Agresión, Violencia     

心理干预对腹腔镜诊疗方法治疗不孕症患者的影响与护理对策

目的：探讨心理干预对腹腔镜诊疗方法治疗不孕症患者的影响与护理对策。方法：将60例不孕患者按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各30例，对照组采用常规护理，观察组在常规护理基础上进行心理干预。结果：观察组患者焦虑指数评分、治疗效果明显优于对照组。结论：不孕症患者经腹腔镜诊疗后，医疗护理人员需要及时采用有针对性的心理干预手段，帮助患者走出心理误区。     

Early psychosis in Indonesia: reflections on illness and treatment

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of more than 22?years of research conducted in the central Javanese province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, by teams of researchers associated with Gadjah Mada University and Harvard University, led by the authors of this essay. This work is placed in the context of the very limited literature on early psychosis and mental health services in Indonesia. It provides an overview of mental health services in Indonesia and of this team’s research trajectory, then addresses four key domains: the cultural phenomenology of early experiences of psychotic illness; patterns of onset, with a particular focus on extremely rapid onset psychoses; patterns of care-seeking for first episode illness; and mental health services and patterns of utilization. It then discusses the importance of rapid onset psychosis for research on early psychosis, and the question of whether collinearity of rapidity of onset and rapidity of care-seeking raises questions about the long-standing finding that a short duration of untreated psychosis leads to better outcomes. It concludes by discussing difficulties of prioritizing early intervention models in settings with very low mental health resources.     

Predicting healthcare expenditure by multimorbidity groups

Objectives

This article has two main purposes. Firstly, to model the integrated healthcare expenditure for the entire population of a health district in Spain, according to multimorbidity, using Clinical Risk Groups (CRG). Secondly, to show how the predictive model is applied to the allocation of health budgets.

Relationship between unhealthy sleep status and dry eye symptoms in a Japanese population: The JPHC-NEXT study

PurposeTo investigate whether and how unhealthy sleep habits (i.e., the frequency of difficulty falling or staying asleep, and the frequency of waking up tired) and the duration of sleep are related to the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in a general population.MethodsThis study included a total of 106,282 subjects aged 40–74 years who participated in a baseline survey of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next Generation. DED was defined as the presence of clinically diagnosed DED or severe symptoms. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the relationships of various components of sleep status with DED.ResultsHigher frequencies of having difficulty falling or staying asleep, and waking up tired were significantly related to increased DED in both sexes (P_trend<0.001). Compared with those with 8 h/day of sleep, shorter sleepers had an increased prevalence of DED in both sexes, although DED was increased among men who slept ≥10 h/day. By comparing participants with the greatest vs. the least difficulty of falling asleep, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 2.23 (95% CI, 1.99–2.49) for men and 1.91 (95% CI, 1.76–2.07) for women. When analyzed separately, the magnitude of each relationship was stronger with severe DED symptoms than with clinically diagnosed DED.ConclusionsSleep deprivation and poor sleep quality were significantly related to DED in a Japanese population.