同源盒基因B2反义寡核苷酸对内皮细胞的影响

目的：探讨同源盒基因B2（HOXB2）反义硫代寡核苷酸对脐静脉内皮细胞增殖,表达的影响。方法：以脂质代介导将硫代磷酸修饰的同源盒基因HOXB2反义寡核苷酸转染入脐静脉内皮细胞,采用MTT和RT－PCR观察不同浓度反义寡核苷酸对内皮细胞增殖及HOXB2 mRNA表达水平的影响,结果：经质体介导的HOXB2反义寡核苷酸转染,内皮细胞增殖受到抑制并呈剂量依赖效应,同时HOXB2 mRNA表达水平显著下降。结论：HOB2在内皮细胞的增殖中起重要作用,提示对HOXB2的研究有可能为创面修复提供新的思路。     

雷帕霉素抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖与迁移

目的探讨雷帕霉素(Rapamycin)对脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)增殖、迁移的抑制作用。方法应用噻唑蓝(MTT)实验、流式细胞仪、迁移实验研究不同浓度雷帕霉素对血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)诱导的HUVECs增殖、迁移的影响。结果雷帕霉素浓度大于10ng/ml、作用48h以上可以明显抑制VEGF诱导的HUVECs的增殖(P<0.05),呈时间、剂量依赖性;流式细胞仪检测细胞被阻滞在G0/G1期,并诱发了细胞凋亡;利用Transwell装置证实雷帕霉素浓度大于10ng/ml时抑制了HUVECs的迁移。结论雷帕霉素可通过抑制血管内皮细胞的增殖与迁移抑制血管生成。     

姜黄素抑制ox-LDL诱导HUVECs凋亡

目的研究姜黄素对氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)凋亡的保护作用及其可能机制。方法体外培养HUVECs,实验分为:对照组、ox-LDL组、ox-LDL加内质网应激(ERS)抑制剂PBA组、姜黄素组、ox-LDL加姜黄素组和ox-LDL加姜黄素加PI3K抑制剂LY294002组。CCK-8法检测细胞存活率;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;激光共聚焦显微镜观察活化转录因子6(ATF6)转位;Western bolt检测ERS相关蛋白:糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、蛋白激酶样内质网激酶(PERK)和肌醇激酶-1(IRE-1)以及相关通路蛋白:LOX-1、AKT和p-AKT的表达。结果与对照组相比,ox-LDL可增加细胞凋亡,提高ERS相关蛋白的表达(P0.01),促使ATF6向核内转位,以及提高LOX-1(P0.01)和降低p-AKT的表达(P0.01);与ox-LDL组相比,PBA可抑制ox-LDL诱导的细胞凋亡(P0.01),姜黄素可抑制ox-LDL诱导的ERS相关蛋白和LOX-1的表达(P0.01),ATF6的核转位,内皮细胞的凋亡(P0.01),同时它还可提高ox-LDL引起的p-AKT表达下调(P0.01);LY294002可部分削弱姜黄素抑制ox-LDL诱导ERS相关蛋白表达的作用(P0.05)。结论姜黄素可降低ox-LDL诱导HUVECs的凋亡,其可能机制是通过抑制LOX-1的表达和激活AKT通路减轻细胞ERS来实现的。     

miR-328对高糖诱导HUVECs上皮间质转换的调控及信号机制

目的探讨miR-328对高糖诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)上皮间质转换的调控作用及机制。方法培养HUVECs,构建携带miR-328基因的重组慢病毒,转染HUVECs。细胞分7组:正常葡萄糖、甘露醇、高浓度葡萄糖、miR-328、miR-328病毒阴性对照、高浓度葡萄糖+U0126、miR-328+U0126。免疫荧光双染色鉴定HUVECs间质转分化;RT-q PCR检测miR-328表达;Western blot检测Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白,MEK1/2、p-MEK1/2、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2表达。结果 1)经高糖处理HUVECs呈CD31、α-SMA染色双阳性;2)与对照组比较,高糖组miR-328表达增高(P0.05);与高糖及miR-328组比较,U0126处理后miR-328表达降低(P0.05);3)与对照组比较,高糖及miR-328组Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达增多(P0.05);与高糖及miR-328组比较,U0126处理后Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达减少(P0.05);4)与对照组比较,高糖及miR-328处理后p-MEK1/2、p-ERK1/2表达增高(P0.05);而U0126处理则能抑制这一现象(P0.05)。结论高糖可诱导HUVECs上皮间质转换,同时miR-328表达增高;miR-328可诱导HUVECs上皮间质转换;HUVECs上皮间质转换与MEK1/2-ERK1/2信号通路有关。     

氟伐他汀对C反应蛋白诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞表达细胞见黏附分子-1的影响

目的探讨氟伐他汀对C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs)细胞间黏附分子-1(intercellular adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1)表达的影响。方法进行HUVECs原代培养,取第3~6代进行实验。分别以5、10、50和100mg/L浓度CRP作用HUVECs,分别作用6、12和24h,同时用氟伐他汀10-8、10-7、10-6和10-5mol/L浓度进行干预。用ELISA法测ICAM-1蛋白含量,RT-PCR测ICAM-1 mRNA表达。结果HUVECs对照组有少量ICAM-1蛋白和mRNA表达;CRP组ICAM-1蛋白和mRNA表达明显增强(P<0.01),且ICAM-1蛋白表达呈浓度和时间依赖性增加(P<0.01);氟伐他汀组ICAM-1蛋白及mRNA表达明显减弱(P<0.01),且氟伐他汀抑制CRP诱导的ICAM-1蛋白表达呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05)。结论氟伐他汀可能通过抑制CRP诱导ICAM-1产生,发挥抗动脉粥样硬化形成的作用。     

Functionalized nanospheres loaded with anti-angiogenic drugs: Cellular uptake and angiosuppressive efficacy

The objective of this study was to develop polymeric nanospheres (NPs) that are able to selectively target the activated vascular endothelium and to deliver co-encapsulated anti-angiogenic agents for improved treatment efficacy in inflammatory diseases with an angiogenic component. We evaluated a novel poly(d,l)-lactide (PLA)-based polymer, grafted with a synthetic ligand specific for selectin (PLA^-g-SEL), for the preparation of functionalized NPs. The NPs were produced according to a double emulsion-solvent diffusion/evaporation method, allowing the co-encapsulation of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.Incorporation of the functionalized polymer enhanced the internalization of fluorescein-labeled NPs by lipopolysaccharide-activated vascular endothelial cells relative to control NPs, as evidenced by confocal laser scanning microscopy and quantitative fluorescence measurements. Two anti-angiogenic agents, endostatin and paclitaxel, were co-loaded in the functionalized NPs. Respective drug loadings were optimized by adjusting polymer composition, as well as by the microemulsion technique.NPs loaded with either of the chosen drugs or with a combination of them were tested for their anti-angiogenic efficacy in human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) culture in vitro and rat aorta tissue culture ex vivo models. An enhanced anti-proliferative effect on HUVECs and heightened anti-angiogenic action on rat aorta ring cultures was observed for the loaded drugs compared to the free molecules. Moreover, combined loaded treatments were found to be more potent, evoking additive and even synergetic outcomes (at lower doses) greater than the corresponding single-loaded treatments in inhibiting new vessels sprouting in rat aortic rings.     

Ⅰ、ⅣfimA型牙龈卟啉单胞菌对内皮细胞与平滑肌细胞共培养体系产生内皮素-1及一氧化氮的影响

［摘要］ 目的 研究不同fimA基因型牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas gingivalis,P.gingivalis）刺激人脐静脉血管内皮细胞（human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs）及人脐动脉血管平滑肌细胞（human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells,HUASMCs）共培养体系产生内皮素-1（endothelin-1,ET-1）和一氧化氮（NO）的水平。方法 用ⅠfimA型P.gingivalis（ATCC 33277）和ⅣfimA型P.gingivalis（W83）分别刺激HUVECs-HUASMCs共培养体系,于2、8、24、48 h时收集细胞培养上清液,酶联免疫反应检测ET-1的含量,硝酸还原酶法测定NO的含量。各组均设阴性对照组（纯培养基）及阳性对照组（1 μg/mL E.coli-LPS）。结果 HUVECs-HUASMCs共培养体系在Ⅰ、ⅣfimA型P.gingivalis刺激作用下产生ET-1和NO的量以及ET-1/NO水平,与阴性及阳性对照组比较存在差异。ⅠfimA型P.gingivalis刺激细胞共培养模型分泌ET-1和NO情况的总趋势与阴性对照组相似、而ⅣfimA型P.gingivalis的刺激作用总趋势则与阳性对照组相似,ⅣfimA型P.gingivalis较ⅠfimA型P.gingivalis刺激共培养细胞可分泌更多的ET-1、而NO量减少,ⅣfimA型P.gingivalis感染48 h的细胞共培养模型表现出明显的ET-1/NO的失衡。结论 不同fimA型P.gingivalis刺激共培养模型后产生ET-1及NO的情况及ET-1/NO的水平有明显差异,可能与其本身毒力相关,ⅣfimA型P.gingivalis比ⅠfimA型P.gingivalis更易引起内皮功能紊乱。     

Martentoxin,a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel inhibitor,attenuated TNF-α-induced nitric oxide release by human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Martentoxin, a 4,046 Da polypeptide toxin purified from the venom of the scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch, has been demonstrated to block large-conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ (BK_Ca) channels; however, its biological roles are still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the pharmacological effects of martentoxin on regulating the production of nitric oxide induced by TNF-α in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that, 1, 10 and 100 µmol/L martentoxin decreased nitric oxide production by HUVECs exposed to 10 ng/mL TNF for 6, 12 and 24 hours. We further demonstrated that martentoxin inhibited the activity of iNOS and retarded the down-regulation of eNOS mRNA induced by TNF-α. Therefore, martentoxin could be a potential therapeutic agent for vascular diseases.     

Inactivation of protease-activated receptor-1 by proteolytic removal of the ligand region in vascular endothelial cells

Proteolysis plays an important role in inactivating protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1). We aimed to determine the cleavage site(s) responsive for the proteolytic inactivation of PAR1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Fura-2 fluorometry revealed that the preceding stimulation with trypsin abolished the subsequent [Ca(2+)](i) response to thrombin, while the responses to PAR1-activating peptides remained intact. On the other hand, thrombin had no effect on the subsequent response to trypsin. The immunostaining with antibodies against the residues 35-46 (SPAN12) and 51-64 (WEDE15) revealed the broad boundaries of cleavage. Trypsin removed both epitopes from the cell surface within 3 min, while thrombin removed the epitope of SPAN12. The longer incubation with thrombin removed the epitope of WEDE15. However, PAR1-activating peptides thereafter induced an attenuated but significant elevation of [Ca(2+)](i). Not only the receptor internalization as observed with a confocal microscope, but also an additional cleavage was thus suggested to contribute to the thrombin-induced removal of the epitope of WEDE15. The analyses of the PAR1 mutants identified three cleavage sites for trypsin; residues 41-42, 70-71 and 82-83. The cleavage at the latter two sites was suggested to dominate that at the former, and thus remove the ligand region (residues 42-47). The inactivation of PAR1 due to proteolytic removal of the ligand region may contribute not only to the inactivation of PAR1 by proteases such as trypsin, but also to the termination of the intracellular signaling initiated by thrombin in the vascular endothelial cells.     

Effects of β-IFN-1b treatment in MS patients on adhesion between PBMNCs, HUVECs and MS-HBECs: an in vivo and in vitro study

The in vivo effects on the expression of adhesion molecules and on the adhesion between mononuclear cells and multiple sclerosis human brain endothelial cells (MS-HBECs) were investigated at the beginning of β-IFN-1b treatment of MS patients. MS-HBECs were isolated from a surgical specimen obtained from an MS patient undergoing brain surgery for vascular aneurysm. 48 h after the first single administration of β-IFN-1b, PBMNCs of 10 MS patients were analyzed for HLA-DR, CD11a, CD18 and VLA-4 expression and the adhesion between PBMNCs and both stimulated and unstimulated MS-HBECs evaluated. sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 dosage in the serum of the patients was checked as well. The experiments were repeated using HUVECs in order to detect possible endothelial organ-specific differences. The experiments were also performed after six months of β-INF-1b treatment on HUVECs. No significant effects on mononuclear cells/endothelium adhesion were detected at 48 h, but adhesion of PBMNCs to HUVECs decreased at six months. An increase in HLA-DR and VLA-4 and a decrease of CD18 was detected in monocytes. The serum level of sVCAM-1 increased at T₂ and was still higher than at T₀ at six months. The effect of the β-IFN-1b treatment on both MS-HBECs and HUVECs, was selectively studied in vitro by testing the expression of cytokine-induced adhesion molecules HLA-DR, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. The in vitro experiments confirmed that β-IFN-1b is able to antagonize γ-IFN-induced HLA-DR expression on MS human brain endothelial cells without relevant effects on VCAM-1 and ICAM-1.