儿童慢性乙型肝炎细胞免疫功能及胸腺素疗效

目的　探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患儿细胞免疫功能及胸腺素疗效。方法　6 0例CHB患儿随机分为常规组(予常规治疗)和胸腺素组(在常规治疗基础上+胸腺素) ,并以6 0例健康儿童作为正常对照组。于治疗前、疗程结束后1mo检测T细胞亚群(CD+ 3 、CD+ 4 、CD+ 8)、血清白细胞介素2 (IL 2 )及可溶性白细胞介素2受体(sIL 2R)水平;定期复查肝功能、乙肝标志物和HBV DNA。结果　与正常对照组比较,CHB组CD+ 3 与CD+ 4 的百分率、CD+ 4 /CD+ 8及血清IL 2水平明显降低(P均<0 0 1) ,CD+ 8百分率及血清sIL 2R水平明显升高(P均<0 0 1) ;与常规组比较,胸腺素组血清ALT明显下降(P <0 0 1) ,ALT复常时间明显缩短(P <0 0 1) ,HBeAg转阴率明显上升(P <0 0 5 ) ,各免疫学指标明显恢复,差异均有统计学意义(P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 )。结论　CHB患儿细胞免疫功能低下,胸腺素能增强细胞免疫功能,有利于病毒清除和肝功能的恢复     

儿童髓母细胞瘤中VEGFR-2的表达

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子受体VEGFR－2在儿童髓母细胞瘤中的表达及临床意义。方法：采用免疫组化LSAB法检测84例获随访的儿童髓母细胞瘤中的VEGFR－2表达，按术后生存期3，5，10年分为A，B，C三组，使用Cox回归统计分析。结果：84例儿童髓母细胞瘤中，VEGFR－2阳性表达74例（88．09％），A，B，C三组间VEGFR－2阳性表达分别为100％，88．89％，55．33％（P＜0．01），Cox回归分析显示VEGFR－2是影响生存时间的一个独立的预后因子，它与预后存在负相关关系。结论：VEGFR－2表达水平可作为儿童髓母细胞瘤的预后指标之一。     

Chronic treatment with scopolamine and physostigmine changes nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor density and NGF content in rat brain

Nerve growth factor (NGF) and NGF receptors were measured in cortex and hippocampus of rats treated with drugs affecting cholinergic neurotransmission. High (K_d= 0.045nM) and low (K_d= 21nM) affinity¹²⁵I-NGF binding sites were present in both cortical and hippocampal membranes with hippocampus containing higher numbers of both sites than cortex. Chronic treatment of rats with the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (5 mg/kg, twice daily) decreased the density of high- and low-affinity sites by 50–90% in cortical and hippocampal membranes. These changes were seen after 7 days, but not 3 days, of scopolamine treatment. Chronic infusion of physostigmine (1 mg/kg/day) using minipumps increased the number of high- and low-affinity sites in cortex 3- and 6-fold, respectively. The changes in receptor-binding parameters induced by physostigmine were transient as they were evident after 3 days of treatment, but returned to control levels after 7 days. NGF content in cortex and hippocampus was reduced by about 50% following 7, but not 3, days of chronic physostigmine infusion. In contrast, scopolamine treatment failed to change NGF levels in the cholinergic neuronal target regions but it decreased NGF content in the septal area. The content of NGF mRNA in the cortex measured by Northern blot analysis failed to change following either scopolamine or physostigmine treatment. The results suggest that levels of NGF and NGF receptors in the target regions of cholinergic neurons are regulated by the extent of cholinergic neurotransmitter activity.     

Baclofen-induced disinhibition in area CA1 of rat hippocampus is resistant to extracellular Ba

The mechanism of disinhibition produced by (±)-baclofen was studied using intracellular recording in area CA1 of rat hippocampal slices. Baclofen reversibly depressed monosynaptic IPSPs evoked by direct activation of interneurons in the presence of the excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) andd,l-2amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV). Ba²⁺ prevented baclofen-induced hyperpolarization of pyramidal neurons but not depression of monosynaptic IPSPs by baclofen. Baclofen reversibly depressed monosynaptic IPSPs when applied close to the recording site, but was ineffective when applied close to the stimulating site in stratum radiatum. These results suggest that baclofen disinhibits pyramidal neurons in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus by activating receptors on the terminals of inhibitory neurons that are coupled to a Ba²⁺-insensitive effector mechanism.     

子宫腺肌症病变中雌激素、孕激素、癌基因、凋亡抑制基因的表达研究

目的 研究雌激素（ER）、孕激素（PR）及癌基因（cerbB-2）、凋亡抑制基因（Bcl-2）在子宫腺肌症病变中的表达和子宫腺肌症发病的相关性。方法 用免疫组化方法检测40例子宫腺肌症病变组织中ER及其他生物学指标的表达。结果 ER、PR与CerbB．2、Bcl-2在子宫腺肌症病变中均有不同程度的阳性表达，子宫肌层异位内膜ER阳性表达率97．5％，PR阳性率97．5％，cerbB-2阳性率82．5％，Bcl-2阳性率62．5％。在位内膜和异位内膜ER、PR均呈阳性，阳性率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。异位内膜cerbB-2的强阳性率高于在位内膜，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。ER、PR与cerbB-2、Bcl-2阳性率相比具有相关性（P〈0．05）。结论 ER、PR与cerbB．2、Bcl-2在异位内膜高表达，提示这些生物学指标在子宫腺肌症发生发展中发挥作用。     

Severe hypoglycaemia in a person with insulin autoimmune syndrome accompanied by insulin receptor anomaly type B.

AIMS: A rare case of the insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) accompanied by insulin receptor anomaly is reported. METHODS: Antibodies to insulin and insulin receptor were determined in the patient with severe hypoglycaemia before and after the treatment with prednisolone. RESULTS: Titers of antibody to insulin and insulin receptors were 73.0% and 41.5%, respectively. Drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation tests were all negative for the suspicious drugs. Her HLA-DR was DRB1*0403/04051. Following steroid therapy, the formation of antibodies was suppressed and alleviated her symptoms. Scatchard analysis yielded findings specific to polyclonal antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: The changes in autoantibodies resulted in alleviation of the hypoglycemic symptoms as a result of steroid therapy.     

Activation of 5-HT3 receptor by 1-phenylbiguanide increases dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens

The serotonin-3 (5-HT₃) agonist 1-phenylbuguanide (0.1–1.0 mM in perfusate) caused a robust, dose-dependent enhancement of extracellular dopamine content in nucleus accumbens as measured by in vivo microdialysis. This action was antagonized by co-perfusion of the 5-HT₃ antagonists zacopride and GR38032F (1 mM in perfusate). Similar effects were observed in 5-HT-denervated rats. These findings suggest that there is a potent modulation of dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens mediated via 5-HT₃ receptors, which appear to be located presynaptically on DA terminals of the mesolimbic DA pathway.