各级慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者HRCT与肺功能相关性研究

目的研究不同级别慢性阻塞性肺疾病高分辨率CT（HRCT）异常定量变化,探讨HRCT定量评价与肺功能的相关性。方法将98例COPD患者依据GOLD方案分级,其中I级22例（第1组）,Ⅱ级26例（第2组）,Ⅲ级24例（第3组）,Ⅳ级26例（第4组）。观察所有人选者肺功能、血气分析、HRCT等检查,比较各组间变化及相关性。结果与第1组比较,第2～4组患者HRCT异常定量评分显著升高,比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。而且各组间HRCT定量评价与肺功能分级有良好相关性。结论HRCT定量评价各级COPD患者是一项简单易行的临床方法。     

高分辨率CT在评价支气管哮喘患者的气道重塑中的作用

目的运用高分辨率CT（HRCT）观察支气管哮喘患者的气道重塑表现。方法将慢性持续期哮喘患者（37例）和健康人（20名）分列为哮喘组和对照组,运用HRCT观察所有受试者肺部影像学特征,运用PickerPQ6000分析软件测定气道壁厚度（T）、气道壁面积（WA）,采用气道壁厚度/气道外径（T/D）和气道壁面积占气道总面积百分比（WA%）做为标化指标。结果WA轻度哮喘组（12.53±4.19）mm2和中重度哮喘组（14.68±5.96）mm2与健康对照组（9.32±3.78）mm2比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;轻度哮喘组和中重度哮喘组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。WA%值轻度哮喘组（70.51±7.04）%和中重度哮喘组（73.50±7.27）%,与对照组（64.80±5.45）%比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;轻度哮喘组与中重度哮喘组之间无统计学意义。T、T/D中重度哮喘组较轻度哮喘组和正常对照组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但轻度哮喘组和正常对照组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论HRCT可用于评价哮喘患者气道壁增厚和气道壁面积增加等气道重塑表现。     

肺炎性假瘤误诊为肺癌的HRCT表现及分析

目的：探讨肺炎性假瘤的HRCT征象,分析其误诊为肺癌的原因,提高诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析31例经手术或穿刺活检后病理证实的,之前被误诊为肺癌的肺炎性假瘤的HRCT征象,其中18例行增强扫描。结果：误诊病例中位于胸膜下17例,晕征26例,毛刺征23例分叶征19例,胸膜增厚21例,血管集束征7例,空泡征4例,均匀强化13例,非均匀强化7例等等。结论：HRCT对肺内炎性假瘤的诊断有重要价值,但全面综合分析CT表现并结合临床病史有助于正确诊断。     

Role of quantitative chest perfusion computed tomography in detecting diabetic pulmonary microangiopathy

Aims

Aim of the study was to determine the role of perfusion chest computed tomography (pCT) in evaluation of pulmonary diabetic angiopathy.

Methods

18 never-smoking patients (10 diabetic patients and 8 healthy controls) underwent chest high resolution CT (HRCT) and then pCT scanning. In both groups, blood tests, biochemical analysis, fibrinogen, HbA_1c, spirometry, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and body pletysmography were performed.Following parameters of pulmonary perfusion have been analysed: blood volume (BV), blood flow (BF), mean transit time (MTT), time to peak (TTP) and permeability surface (PS).

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between groups in terms of age, sex, BMI, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), DLCO. Chest HRCT revealed no pathologies. Significantly higher values of chest pCT for BF (p = 0.05), BV (p = 0.05) and PS (p = 0.01) have been found in diabetics in comparison to controls. No differences were found in MTT.

Conclusions

Significant increase of perfusion parameters in diabetes seems to confirm pulmonary microangiopathy. The results indicate that further studies on application of pCT in diabetic patients may be beneficial for better understanding of lung microangiopathy, its diagnosing and monitoring.