Effects of Malted Rice Amazake on Constipation Symptoms and Gut Microbiota in Children and Adults with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities: A Pilot Study

Constipation is a frequent complication in patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID). The aim of this study was to investigate changes in constipation symptoms and gut microbiota associated with the intake of malted rice amazake, a fermented food in Japan, in patients with SMID. Ten patients consumed the test food for six weeks, and their physical condition, dietary and medication status, and constipation assessment scale (CAS) were investigated. Comprehensive fecal microbiome analysis using the 16S rRNA sequence method was performed. The results showed a significant decrease in CAS, and a significant increase in Lactobacillales and decrease in Escherichia-Shigella after consuming malted rice amazake. To investigate the difference in the effects of malted rice amazake consumption, based on the characteristics of the original gut microbiota, the patients were grouped according to the similarity of their gut microbiota before the intervention; Firmicutes-rich Group 1 (n = 5), Actinobacteria-rich Group 2 (n = 4), and Proteobacteria-rich Group 3 (n = 1). The CAS decreased in Groups 1 and 2. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium showed an increasing tendency both overall and in Group 1, but it was originally higher in Group 2. Our results suggest that malted rice amazake consumption reduces constipation symptoms and simultaneously changes the gut microbiota, but the changes may vary depending on the original composition of the gut microbiota.     

Colonic In Vitro Model Assessment of the Prebiotic Potential of Bread Fortified with Polyphenols Rich Olive Fiber

The use of olive pomace could represent an innovative and low-cost strategy to formulate healthier and value-added foods, and bakery products are good candidates for enrichment. In this work, we explored the prebiotic potential of bread enriched with Polyphenol Rich Fiber (PRF), a defatted olive pomace byproduct previously studied in the European Project H2020 EcoProlive. To this aim, after in vitro digestion, the PRF-enriched bread, its standard control, and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) underwent distal colonic fermentation using the in vitro colon model MICODE (multi-unit colon gut model). Sampling was done prior, over and after 24 h of fermentation, then metabolomic analysis by Solid Phase Micro Extraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (SPME GCMS), 16S-rDNA genomic sequencing of colonic microbiota by MiSeq, and absolute quantification of main bacterial species by qPCR were performed. The results indicated that PRF-enriched bread generated positive effects on the host gut model: (i) surge in eubiosis; (ii) increased abundance of beneficial bacterial groups, such as Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillales; (iii) production of certain bioactive metabolites, such as low organic fatty acids; (iv) reduction in detrimental compounds, such as skatole. Our study not only evidenced the prebiotic role of PRF-enriched bread, thereby paving the road for further use of olive by-products, but also highlighted the potential of the in vitro gut model MICODE in the critical evaluation of functionality of food prototypes as modulators of the gut microbiota.     

宫保散及联合LEEP治疗对宫颈癌前病变并发HPV感染的临床效果观察

目的分析宫保散在临床治疗宫颈癌前病变（CIN）并发HPV感染的影响及观察其联合LEEP治疗宫颈癌前病变的临床疗效。方法选取于广州市第一人民医院门诊妇科部2012年6月-2014年1月就诊的120例宫颈癌前病变并发HPV感染的患者。以数字法随机分为观察组（60例）和对照组（60例）。观察组施以宫保散局部外涂联合LEEP技术进行治疗;对照组则单纯施以宫保散局部外涂进行治疗。分析两组患者疗效与疗程的关系,以及两组患者临床治疗效果。结果①患病时间越长越难治愈;②宫保散联合LEEP治疗对CIN并发HPV感染治疗疗效明显高于单纯的宫保散疗效。结论宫保散联合LEEP手术在治疗CIN并发HPV感染不仅操作简单,创伤极小而且费用低,临床效果好,不复发。大大提高了对CIN并发HPV感染的治疗率。     

肺炎克雷伯菌16S rRNA甲基化酶耐药基因研究

目的了解肺炎克雷伯菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素的敏感性及16S rRNA甲基化酶检出情况。方法收集中南大学湘雅医院2009年1-7月非重复肺炎克雷伯菌96株,采用琼脂稀释法对庆大霉素、阿米卡星、妥布霉素的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）进行检测;聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增16S rRNA甲基化酶基因armA、rmtA、rmtB、rmtC、rmtD和npmA。结果肺炎克雷伯菌对阿米卡星、庆大霉素及妥布霉素的MIC50分别为256 μg/mL、512 μg/mL和512 μg/mL;MIC90均为＞512 μg/mL;耐药率分别为21.88%、63.54%、41.67%。68株（70.83%）菌至少对1种药物耐药,21株（21.88%）菌对3种药物均耐药。22株（22.92%）菌armA基因扩增阳性,未扩增到rmtA、rmtB、rmtC、rmtD和npmA基因;22株armA阳性菌株中,17株（77.27%）对3种氨基糖苷类抗生素均耐药。armA阳性株与armA（FJ410928.1）基因序列同源性为100%。结论携带armA型16S rRNA甲基化酶基因是肺炎克雷伯菌对氨基糖苷类药物高水平耐药的主要机制之一。     

武汉初中生家长对接种HPV疫苗接受度调查

目的了解武汉市初中生家长对孩子接种HPV疫苗的接受度,为在中国进行HPV疫苗接种提供科学依据。方法采取整群抽样方法抽取某初中一、二年级学生家长进行问卷调查。结果341名调查对象中,36．66％的人愿意孩子接种HPV疫苗。多元Logistic回归结果显示,家长的性别、HPV知晓情况和疫苗价格是影响家长对HPV疫苗接受度的主要因素。结论初中生家长对孩子接种HPV疫苗的接受度不高,积极开展HPV及HPV疫苗的认知教育对今后HPV疫苗的预防接种有潜在意义。     

宿州市295例手足口病病原学监测结果分析

目的：了解宿州市2013年手足口病的病原型别和分布特征,为制订手足口病的防治策略提供依据。方法：采集295例临床诊断手足口病例的生物标本,采用Real-time RT-PCR方法检测肠道病毒71型（EV71）、柯萨奇病毒A组16型（CoxA16）及柯萨奇病毒A组6型CoxA6）的特异性核酸。结果：295例手足口病患者标本,肠道病毒核酸总阳性数94例,总阳性率31.9%,EV71阳性67份,阳性率22.7%,CoxA16阳性数0份,阳性率0%,CoxA6阳性数13份,阳性率4.4%,其他肠道病毒13份,阳性率4.4%。男女比为1.5∶1,男女阳性率分别为32.4%和31.1%,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.055,P〉0.05）。结论：2013年宿州市手足口病流行的病原体优势株为EV71,同时伴有CoxA6和其他肠道病毒感染。发病以5岁以下婴幼儿为主（97.9%）,无性别差异,分布无地域差别。全年均可发病。     

核糖体蛋白激酶磷酸化程度与人乳头瘤病毒16感染情况的相关性分析

目的:检测人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV16)感染的宫颈鳞癌组织中核糖体蛋白激酶S6K和S6的磷酸化水平,探讨HPV16感染在宫颈癌发生发展中的作用。方法:利用PCR方法将收集到的135例人子宫颈鳞癌样本分为HPV16感染阳性组和阴性组,用免疫组织化学方法检测磷酸化S6K(p-S6K)和磷酸化S6(p-S6)蛋白在病例样本中的表达水平。结果:HPV16感染的宫颈癌组织内,核糖体蛋白S6K和S6的磷酸化比率分别为46.5%和68.7%,分别高于未感染的宫颈癌组织(8.33%和30.6%),差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05)。两种蛋白相关性分析,p-S6K与p-S6蛋白在HPV16型病毒感染的宫颈癌组织中表达呈正相关性(r=0.095,P=0.019)。结论:HPV16病毒的感染与核糖体蛋白激酶S6K和S6的磷酸化(活化)具有强相关性,后两者的活化能促进细胞的生长增殖,在肿瘤的发生发展中起重要作用。     

宫颈不典型鳞状上皮细胞的临床诊治探讨

目的探讨液基细胞学检查（TCT）结果为宫颈不典型鳞状上皮细胞（ASCUS）的诊疗处理方案。方法随机抽取400例ASCUS患者,平均分为两组,一组于3个月后复查TCT,后行HR—HPVDNA检测和阴道镜检查;另一组即刻行HR—HPVDNA检测和阴道镜检查,比较3个月后复查TCT、HR—HPVDNA检测、阴道镜及镜下活检三种方法对ASCUS患者管理的临床诊治意义。结果①A组复查TCT,124例细胞异常者阴道镜下活检病理为宫颈癌1例,CINII～III级31例,CINI级48例,慢性宫颈炎44例,76例细胞正常者阴道镜下活检病理为CINII～III级1例,CINI级2例,慢性宫颈炎73例。②A组行HR—HPVDNA检测,结果132例阳性患者中,宫颈癌1例,CINII—III级32例,CINI级50例,慢性宫颈炎49例,68例阴性患者的病理结果均为慢性炎症。③B组HR—HPVDNA检测结果121例阳性患者中CINII～III级44例,CINI级50例,慢性宫颈炎27例,79例阴性患者的病理结果均为慢性炎症。结论采用个性化处理,本文倾向于在各方面条件允许的情况下,首选HR—HPVDNA检测分流,对阳性结果患者进行阴道镜下活检或诊断性LEEP。     

HPV原位导流杂交检测与HPVL1壳蛋白检测应用于宫颈病变

目的探讨HPV高危亚型感染病例同时做HPVL1壳蛋白检测的表达情况,为早期发现宫颈上皮内病变提供理论依据。方法对58例HPV高危亚型感染的病例同时进行HPVL1蛋白检测以及宫颈活检。结果HPVL1蛋白阳性为45例,阳性表达率77.6%（45/58）,其中HPVL1蛋白阳性病例有43例诊断为慢性子宫颈炎,2例诊断为宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅰ级（CINⅠ级）。HPVL1蛋白阴性病例有9例诊断为宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅰ级（CINⅠ级）,4例诊断为宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅱ级（CINⅡ级）。结论明确有HPV高危亚型感染的病例HPVL1蛋白阴性的病例宫颈病变较重,HPV原位导流杂交检测与HPVL1蛋白检测联合应用有助于早期发现宫颈癌。     

BUB1和p16在鼻咽癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨BUBl和p16在鼻咽癌组织中的表达、相互关系及临床意义。方法应用免疫组化法检测60例鼻咽癌组织、25例慢性鼻咽炎组织标本中BUB1和p16蛋白的表达,并分析两者与鼻咽癌患者临床特征的关系及两者表达的相关性。结果鼻咽癌组织中BUB1和p16的阳性表达率分别为45．0％（27／60）、36．7％（22／60）,显著低于慢性鼻咽炎组织的84．0％（21/25）、100．0％（25/25）,P均〈0．01;BUB1的表达与鼻咽癌颈淋巴结转移及临床分期相关（P均〈0．01）;BUBl与p16的表达呈正相关（P〈0．01）。结论BUBl和p16的低表达在鼻咽癌发生、发展中可能发挥重要作用,BUB1可作为鼻咽癌诊断及预后的参考指标之一。