微小RNA在皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的研究进展

皮肤鳞状细胞癌(cSCC)是角质形成细胞来源的恶性肿瘤之一。转录组是特定条件下细胞内全部转录产物的总和,包括编码mRNA和非编码RNA。研究发现,与正常细胞相比,鳞癌细胞在基因转录水平和模式上存在很大差异,具有不同转录表达谱。微小RNA(miRNA)可通过抑制转录产物的翻译,从而调控靶基因的表达,影响cSCC细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡等病理过程。越来越多的研究表明,miRNAs作为cSCC诊断、预测预后和治疗靶点的生物标志物,在临床上具有广阔的应用前景。本文通过回顾分析cSCC的miRNA表达谱,主要对其中经实验证实表达上调和下调的miRNAs在cSCC中的研究进展作一综述。     

Littoral‐cell angioma as a rare cause of splenomegaly

We report the case of a littoral‐cell angioma of the spleen, a recently described benign vascular tumour, whose imaging and pathological characteristics have been discussed only by a few authors. The diagnosis was made after elective splenectomy. The CT images, scintigraphy and histological specimens are presented, and differential diagnoses discussed.     

Photodynamic therapy in the management of a patient with Gorlin syndrome (naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome)

Gorlin syndrome (naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome) is a genetically linked disorder characterized by the development of multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) throughout life. Cumulative surgery, cryotherapy and other conventional interventions can result in significant disfigurement by middle age. Radiotherapy is contra-indicated because the mutated gene underlying the syndrome, ‘PTCH’, increases sensitivity to ionising radiation, so there is significant likelihood of inducing further tumours in and around the irradiated area. Photodynamic therapy offers a non-invasive treatment option for patients with this condition, with the added advantage of causing minimal scarring.     

A trip through the signaling pathways of melanoma

Many cellular signaling pathways are involved in the development of cancer. Depending on the tumor entity, the nature as well as the mode of activation can differ. Some signaling pathways frequently show changes as all tumor cells have to fulfill some basic requirements such as independence from growth factors or insensitivity against apoptosis. In this review, the possibilities of a tumor to manipulate signaling pathways to reach these goals are exemplified based on an archetypical melanoma cell. In addition, new therapeutic options based on the knowledge of signaling pathways will be discussed.     

Ex Vivo Application of Carbon Monoxide in University of Wisconsin Solution to Prevent Intestinal Cold Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Carbon monoxide (CO), a byproduct of heme catalysis, was shown to have potent cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. In vivo recipient CO inhalation at low concentrations prevented ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with small intestinal transplantation (SITx). This study examined whether ex vivo delivery of CO in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution could ameliorate intestinal I/R injury. Orthotopic syngenic SITx was performed in Lewis rats after 6 h cold preservation in control UW or UW that was bubbled with CO gas (0.1-5%) (CO-UW). Recipient survival with intestinal grafts preserved in 5%, but not 0.1%, CO-UW improved to 86.7% (13/15) from 53% (9/17) with control UW. At 3 h after SITx, grafts stored in 5% CO-UW showed improved intestinal barrier function, less mucosal denudation and reduced inflammatory mediator upregulation compared to those in control UW. Preservation in CO-UW associated with reduced vascular resistance (end preservation), increased graft cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels (1 h), and improved graft blood flow (1 h). Protective effects of CO-UW were reversed by ODQ, an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase. In vitro culture experiment also showed better preservation of vascular endothelial cells with CO-UW. The study suggests that ex vivo CO delivery into UW solution would be a simple and innovative therapeutic strategy to prevent transplant-induced I/R injury.     

Survivin在食管癌中的表达及其与bcl-2表达关系的相关研究

目的探讨Survivin在食管癌组织中的表达及其与bcl-2蛋白表达的相关性。方法应用免疫组织化学SP法,检测Survivin、bcl-2蛋白在68例食管癌组织和20例正常食管组织中的表达。结果Survivin蛋白在正常食管组织中低表达或不表达,68例食管癌组织中,49例表达阳性,占72.1%。Survivin蛋白表达与分化程度、淋巴结转移密切相关(P<0.05)。食管癌组织bcl-2蛋白表达阳性、阴性组中,Survivin蛋白阳性表达率分别为94.7%(36/38)和43.3%(13/30),两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Survivin蛋白表达与bcl-2蛋白表达密切相关。结论Survivin在食管癌组织中表达上调,通过抑制细胞凋亡,在食管癌的发生中起到重要作用;凋亡相关基因bcl-2的上调与Survivin的表达可能在食管癌变中起协同作用。     

PTEN及Bcl-2蛋白在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其意义

目的：探讨PTEN及Bcl-2蛋白在膀胱移行细胞癌的表达规律及其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学链亲和素-生物素-霉复合物（SP）方法检测43例膀胱移行细胞癌和7例正常黏膜组织中PTEN及Bcl-2蛋白的表达．分析二者的表达与膀胱癌病理参数的关系。结果：（1）G1、G2、G3肿瘤PTEN表达阳性率分别为85．7％、80．4％、73．3％，浸润性肿瘤和表浅性肿瘤表达阳性率分别为70．4％和93．8％，说明PTEN表达阳性率与肿瘤病理分级、临床分期有关。（2）G。、G2、G3肿瘤Bcl-2表达阳性率分别为14．2％、57．14％、66．67％，浸润性肿瘤和表浅性肿瘤表达阳性率分别为59．3％和43．8％，说明Bcl-2表达阳性率与肿瘤病理分级、临床分期有关。（3）随着肿瘤恶性程度的增高和临床分期进展，PTEN蛋白阳性率呈下降，Bcl-2表达呈增高趋势，二者表达呈负相关关系。结论：PTEN的抑癌作用可能与Bcl-2有关．二者的异常表达在膀胱移行细胞癌的发生、发展过程中起重要作用。二者同时检测有助于判断预后。