Impact of adherence to surgical and non-surgical components of infective endocarditis guidelines and recommendations

BackgroundInfective endocarditis (IE) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Non-adherence to IE guidelines and recommendations is frequent, and may adversely impact patient outcomes.AimTo assess the impact of non-adherence to components of existing IE guidelines and recommendations on a composite outcome consisting of any of the following: mortality, unplanned cardiac surgery, embolic event or relapse of positive blood culture within six months of diagnosis.MethodsA single centre, retrospective cohort study.ResultsAmongst 157 patients, there was inconsistent adherence to: initial diagnosis of an infective condition (87%), timely administration of antimicrobial therapy (82%), appropriateness of predominant antimicrobial regime (94%), appropriate management of the portal of entry (86%), multidisciplinary input (75%), end of antimicrobial therapy repeat echocardiography (60%) and adherence to indications for surgery (76%). Inpatient mortality was 12.1% (n = 19) and the composite adverse outcome occurred in 36 (22.9%) patients. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, infection of prosthetic device (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]; 2.43 [1.07–5.50]) and non-adherence to surgical guidelines (aOR 3.67 [1.60–8.47]) were significantly associated with an adverse outcome.ConclusionsOur data suggests that adherence to differing components of IE management guidelines and recommendations varies and that non-adherence to surgical aspects of guidelines has the biggest impact in determining outcomes.     

Japanese guidelines for atopic dermatitis 2017

Given the importance of appropriate diagnosis and appropriate assessment of cutaneous symptoms in treatment of atopic dermatitis, the basics of treatment in this guideline are composed of (1) investigation and countermeasures of causes and exacerbating factors, (2) correction of skin dysfunctions (skin care), and (3) pharmacotherapy, as three mainstays. These are based on the disease concept that atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory cutaneous disease with eczema by atopic diathesis, multi-factorial in onset and aggravation, and accompanied by skin dysfunctions. These three points are equally important and should be appropriately combined in accordance with the symptoms of each patient. In treatment, it is important to transmit the etiological, pathological, physiological, or therapeutic information to the patient to build a favorable partnership with the patient or his/her family so that they may fully understand the treatment. This guideline discusses chiefly the basic therapy in relation to the treatment of this disease. The goal of treatment is to enable patients to lead an uninterrupted social life and to control their cutaneous symptoms so that their quality of life (QOL) may meet a satisfactory level.The basics of treatment discussed in this guideline are based on the “Guidelines for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis 2008” prepared by the Health and Labour Sciences Research and the “Guidelines for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis 2015 (ADGL2015)” prepared by the Atopic Dermatitis Guidelines Advisory Committee, Japanese Society of Allergology in principle. The guidelines for the treatment of atopic dermatitis are summarized in the “Japanese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Disease 2016” together with those for other allergic diseases.     

Japan College of Rheumatology guideline for the use of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Methotrexate (MTX), the anchor drug in the current treatment strategy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was first approved for treatment of RA in Japan in 1999 at the recommended dose of 6–8?mg/week; it was approved as first-line drug with the maximum dose of 16?mg/week in February 2011. However, more than half of Japanese patients with RA are unable to tolerate a dose of 16?mg/week of MTX. Moreover, some serious adverse events during the treatment with MTX, such as pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) have been observed much more frequently in Japan than in other countries. Therefore, this article, an abridged English translation summarizing the 2016 update of the Japan College of Rheumatology (JCR) guideline for the use of MTX in Japanese patients with RA, is not intended to be valid for global use; however, it is helpful for the Japanese community of rheumatology and its understanding might be useful to the global community of rheumatology.     

Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis in China (2021)

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common acute abdominal condition of the digestive system. In recent years, treatment concepts, methods, and strategies for the diag...     

2005国际心肺复苏和心血管急救指南解读

2005年国际复苏联盟（ILCOR）和美国心脏协会（AHA）重新修订了心肺复苏（CPR）及心血管急救（ECC）的推荐方案。目的使指南更适用于全球范围。现对指南主要的变化、基本生命支持重要的内容、进一步生命支持的主要变化作一介绍。     

口服营养补充的指南更新

肿瘤患者营养不良发生率高,营养治疗作为一线治疗对于肿瘤患者十分必要且应贯穿治疗的全周期。口服营养补充作为人工营养中肠内营养的重要手段之一,在临床应用广泛,但是仍有很多临床使用的细节问题尚不明确。本文以2018年及以后的ESPEN、ASPEN、CSPEN营养指南为参照,检索pubmed、中国学术期刊网络出版总库、万方数据期刊论文资源自2017年1月1日至2022年10月31日的随机对照试验、专家共识、meta分析和系统评价,检索式为“口服营养补充”“营养治疗”“营养干预”“肠内营养治疗”“特殊医学用途配方食品”,根据检索结果进行文献精读,同时扩大检索阅读至参考文献。对使用ONS可获益的肿瘤类型、不同部位和病理种类的肿瘤患者使用ONS的使用方法、使用剂量、不同肿瘤患者的适宜配方、是否需要额外添加免疫增强营养素等治疗细节证据进行更新,并采用GRADE方法进行证据分级,为进一步指导临床工作者实践中合理使用营养制剂进行口服营养补充治疗提供理论依据。     

2020新生儿机械通气时气道内吸引操作指南

气道内吸引是患儿接受机械通气时常用且必要的侵入性操作,整个过程包括病人的准备、吸引及后续护理,可能伴随不良事件的发生。现基于国内外相关研究,采用证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价方法（GRADE）,制定新生儿机械通气时气道内吸引的操作指南,旨在促进这一操作规范化实施,保证病人安全。     

拯救脓毒症运动儿童脓毒性休克和脓毒症相关器官功能障碍国际指南解读

2020年2月,拯救脓毒症运动儿童脓毒性休克和脓毒症相关器官功能障碍国际指南同时发表于重症医学顶级期刊Intensive Care Medicine以及儿童重症顶级期刊Pediatric Critical Care Medicine,对于儿童脓毒症的治疗具有重大的意义。该文对该指南进行解读,以期帮助国内的儿科同行更好地理解该指南。