团体认知行为联合作业疗法对精神分裂症患者症状及社会功能的影响

摘要：目的 探讨团体认知行为联合作业疗法对精神分裂症患者症状及社会功能的影响。方法 选择2020年1月-2020年12月于本院住院治疗的125例精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,随机数字表法分为观察组（n=62）和对照组（n=63）。两组均接受常规药物治疗,此基础上对照组采用作业疗法,观察组采用团体认知行为联合作业疗法。观察精神症状、社会功能、认知功能改善以及复发情况,评价服药依从性、生活质量和满意度。结果 治疗后两组患者阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）各维度及总分、社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）得分、精神分裂症病人生活质量量表（SQLS）各维度得分均较治疗前显著降低,且治疗后观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后两组患者精神分裂症认知功能成套测验（MCCB）各维度得分、服药依从性均较治疗前显著升高,且治疗后观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗总有效率和总满意度显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 团体认知行为联合作业疗法可有效减轻精神分裂症患者症状,提高社会和认知功能,利于患者康复。     

小组责任制和护士分层级管理的临床实践效果探讨

目的：探讨小组责任制和护士分层级管理在临床护理实践中的效果。方法：选择2009年2月至2010年1月实施APN连续性排班、采用小组责任制和护士分层级管理模式的为实践组,2008年2月至2009年1月采用轮班制和传统功能制护理模式为对照组。比较二组护理服务质量的各项指标及护士、医生、病人满意度,尤其是高年资护士对职业满意评分。结果：实践组的护理服务质量各项指标及护士、医生、病人满意度均明显高于对照组,尤其是高年资护士对职业成就感、满意度显著高于对照组。结论：临床上应用小组责任制和护士分层级管理护理模式,对于提高护理服务质量及医疗安全性,提高医护人员、病人的满意度,尤其是高年资护士对实现自我愿望、自我价值体现和职业成就感有着积极激励的作用。     

The impact of prenatal group B streptococcus screening as a national health policy in Taiwan

Objective

There was no national data on group B streptococcus (GBS) infections in Taiwan. Until 2012, when prenatal GBS screening was introduced to obstetric practices as a national health policy aimed at reducing neonatal GBS infections. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of this national health policy on the incidence of maternal GBS colonization and neonatal GBS infection rate. Relatedly, the clinical characteristics of neonatal GBS infection were investigated to determine the correlations between the incidence of maternal GBS colonization and the neonatal GBS infection rate.

Age-associated differences in prevalence of group A streptococcal type-specific M antibodies in children

Our prior studies of the molecular epidemiology of group A streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis indicated that the most common emm types associated with pediatric pharyngitis in North America were 12, 1, 28, and 4. We previously reported that the proportions of pediatric pharyngitis due to emm types 12 and 4 decreased with increasing age throughout childhood. We hypothesized that this is due to age-associated acquisition of antibodies to the amino-terminal type-specific region of common GAS M proteins during childhood. We sought to demonstrate this in sera from healthy children by using ELISAs for M 12, 1, 28, and 4. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using chemically synthesized peptides copying amino-terminal type-specific regions of the M proteins were performed on sera from four age groups of healthy children (group I: 3–6 years, group II: 7–10 years, group III: 11–14 years, group IV: 15–18 years). ELISA data were correlated with opsonophagocytic assays for a subset of sera and M 1 GAS. Sera from healthy 12–20-month-old children were used as negative controls. Our results showed that the highest percentage of positivity was for M12, which also showed progressive seropositivity in older children. For the other serotypes, the highest seroprevalence rates were in the 11–14-year-old age group. The presence of ELISA antibodies against M1 correlated with opsonophagocytic activity, a previously studied indicator of immunologic protection.     

Protective efficacy of group A streptococcal vaccines containing type-specific and conserved M protein epitopes

The amino terminal region of group A streptococcal M proteins evokes type-specific immunity while the conserved C-repeat epitopes evoke cross-protective immunity against multiple serotypes. The present studies were undertaken to compare the protective efficacy of vaccines containing either type-specific (hexavalent vaccine) or conserved C-repeat (J14 vaccine) M protein epitopes and to determine if combination vaccines resulted in enhanced levels of protection. Our results indicated that the protective efficacy of the type-specific vaccine was significantly greater than that of J14 and that the addition of J14 to vaccine formulations did not enhance the level of protection achieved with type-specific formulations.     

The efficacy of 2002 CDC guidelines in preventing perinatal group B Streptococcal vertical transmission: a prospective study

Objectives The aim of the current study is to evaluate the differences in the rate of perinatal group B streptococcal vertical transmission between women who correctly underwent the CDC 2002 guidelines and women who did not. Methods Two study groups: women who correctly underwent the CDC 2002 guidelines (study group 1) and women who did not (study group 2). Intrapartum chemoprophylaxis (IC) was administered to all pregnant women identified as GBS carrier. All newborns received, in the first hour of life, a culture based screening for GBS colonization. Results One thousand six hundred and sixty nine women were enrolled in the study. The 2002 CDC guidelines were correctly applied in 1273 (76.3%) subjects. There was no early-onset GBS disease. No statistically significant difference in the total number of colonized newborns between study group 1 (4.1%) and study group 2 (3.3%) was found. When the analysis was limited to women with positive GBS screening, a significant difference (P < 0.001) was observed in the number of colonized newborns between mothers who received IC during at least 4 h (group 1; 3.7%) and those who received an IC during less than 4 h (group 1; 12.3%). Conclusion The accurate application of the 2002 CDC guidelines is strongly supported but, to furthermore reduce the risk for GBS colonization and sepsis in the newborns, it appears desirable to identify additional and new prevention strategies.     

团体心理辅导改善大学生英语课堂焦虑的实验研究

目的探讨团体心理辅导对改善大学生英语课堂焦虑情绪的有效性和可行性。方法采用由Holwtz编制、王才康编译的中文版外语课堂焦虑量表(FLCAS),自我评价量表(PEI),社交回避与苦恼量表(SAD)在辅导前后对实验组和对照组分别评定。结果 1干预组前后测在英语课堂焦虑(t=6.522,P0.001)、社交回避与孤独(t=5.210,P0.001)、自我评价(t=-5.462,P0.001)的各项得分差异均有显著性,而对照组前后测各项差异均没有统计学意义(P0.05)。其中,干预组前两项均有显著下降,自我评价则有显著提高;2干预组与对照组同学在外语课堂焦虑总分(t=-5.377,P0.001)及各项因子得分改变量、自我评价改变量(t=4.414,P0.001)、社交回避与苦恼总分(t=-3.631,P0.01)及因子分的改变量均有显著性差异;3大部分成员及其同学的他评都对本次团体效能予以了肯定。结论可以通过有针对性的团体心理辅导活动来改善大学生英语课堂焦虑情绪。     

单亲因素对大学生人格特质的影响

目的探讨单亲因素对大学生人格特质的影响。方法卡特尔16种人格因素问卷(16PF)测试,独立样本t检验。结果单亲大学生和非单亲大学生的A(t=-3.442,P0.01)和L(t=2.674,P0.01)因子存在显著性差异。单亲男大学生与其他男大学生相比人格因素没有显著性差异,单亲女大学生的A(t=-3.937,P0.01)、L(t=3.820,P0.01)、O(t=2.500,P0.05)3个因子得分上表现出显著性差异。结论单亲因素对大学生的人格特点造成了不良影响,对女生的不良影响更为严重。     

团体心理咨询运用子新兵心理健康维护的可行性

本文探讨了团体心理咨询运用于新兵心理健康维护的可行性，新兵作为一个特殊团体，往往承受着巨大的心理压力。诸多研究表明，新兵的心理健康水平普遍偏低。由于新兵都处在相似的身心发展阶段．面临着共同的成长课题和相似的困扰．使其具有开展团体心理咨询的工作基础。本文对团体心理咨询在新兵申的实际运用进行的探讨并提出了建议，并指出了在部队中开展团体心理咨询应注意的问题。