基于转录组学膀胱癌临床预后模型的构建

目的：筛选膀胱癌预后相关基因，建立膀胱癌预后评分模型。方法：通过UCSC Xena平台下载癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）数据库、基因型和基因表达量关联数据库（GTEx）中406例膀胱癌患者的临床信息和膀胱癌组织RNA测序数据，以及28名健康对照者正常膀胱组织RNA测序数据。采用加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）、单因素Cox回归分析、LASSO回归分析和多因素Cox回归分析筛选膀胱癌预后相关基因并建立预后模型，结合Kaplan-Meier生存曲线、受试者操作特征曲线（ROC曲线）验证模型的准确性。结果：分析得到膀胱癌相关差异表达基因共2308个。WGCNA拟合得到6个基因模块，筛选出对膀胱癌预后有显著作用的基因829个。运用单因素Cox回归与LASSO回归分析筛选出24个与膀胱癌患者预后相关的基因，多因素Cox回归分析训练集数据得到9个作为独立预测因子的基因，分别是 ADCY9、 MAFG_DT、 EMP1、 CAST、 PCOLCE2、 LTBP1、 CSPG4、 NXPH4、 SLC1A6，以此建立膀胱癌患者预后预测模型。训练集中高风险组和低风险组3年存活率分别为31.814%和59.821%，测试集中高风险组和低风险组3年存活率分别为32.745%和68.932%，模型预测训练集和测试集患者预后的ROC曲线下面积均在0.7以上。 结论：本研究建立的模型对膀胱癌高风险和低风险人群的生存情况具有较好的预测能力。     

Network pharmacology explores the mechanisms of Eucommia ulmoides cortex against postmenopausal osteoporosis

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) has become one of most frequent chronic disease worldwide with aging population. Eucommia ulmoides cortex (EU), a traditional Chinese medicine, has long since been used to treat PMOP. The aim of this study is to explore pharmacological mechanisms of EU against PMOP through using network pharmacology approach.The active ingredients of EU were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology database, and target fishing was performed on these ingredients in UniProt database for identification of their relative targets. Then, we screened the targets of PMOP using GeneCards database and DisGeNET database. The overlapping genes between PMOP and EU were obtained to performed protein–protein interaction, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes, and genomes analysis.Twenty-eight active ingredients were identified in EU, and corresponded to 207 targets. Also, 292 targets were closely associated with PMOP, and 50 of them matched with the targets of EU were considered as therapeutically relevant. Gene ontology enrichment analysis suggested that EU exerted anti-PMOP effects via modulating multiple biological processes including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammatory response. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis revealed several pathways, such as PI3K-AKT pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, hypoxia-inducible factors-1 pathway, tumor necrosis factor pathway, and interleukin-17 pathway that might be involved in regulating the above biological processes.Through the method of network pharmacology, we systematically investigated the mechanisms of EU against PMOP. The multi-targets and multi-pathways identified here could provide new insights for further determination of more exact mechanisms of EU.     

Survival and prognostic factors for postoperative primary appendiceal cancer: a retrospective cohort study based on the Surveillance,Epidemiology, and End Results database

BackgroundThe factors affecting the postoperative survival of patients with primary appendiceal cancer (PAC) have yet to be fully explored. And there are no clear guidelines for adjuvant treatment after appendectomy. Whether chemotherapy can prolong patient survival after appendectomy, is critical in guiding postoperative medications. The majority of studies on appendiceal cancer are single case reports, and they focused on the incidence of appendiceal cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the survival characteristics of patients with primary appendiceal cancer after surgery using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsThe data of 2,891 cases of primary appendiceal cancer between 2004 to 2015 were obtained from the SEER database and subjected to survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional-hazards model. The annual percentage change (APC) was calculated using the weighted least squares method.ResultsThe overall age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 population steadily increased from 0.58 in 2004 to 1.63 in 2015. For patients who received chemotherapy, the median overall survival (OS) was 65 months and the 5-year OS rate was 51.9%, and for patients who did not receive chemotherapy or whose chemotherapy status was unknown, the median OS was not reached and the 5-year OS rate was 78.9%. Age [35< age <69: hazard radio (HR) =2.147; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.442–3.197, P<0.001; age >69: HR =5.259; 95% CI: 3.485–7.937, P<0.001], race (White race: HR =0.728; 95% CI: 0.590–0.899, P=0.003), histologic type (mucinous neoplasm: HR =0.690; 95% CI: 0.580–0.821, P<0.001; malignant carcinoid: HR =0.657; 95% CI: 0.536–0.806, P<0.001), grade (II: HR =1.794; 95% CI: 1.471–2.187, P<0.001; III: HR =2.905; 95% CI: 2.318–3.640, P<0.001; IV: HR =3.128; 95% CI: 2.159–4.533, P<0.001), and stage (localized: HR =0.236; 95% CI: 0.194–0.287, P<0.001; regional: HR =0.425; 95% CI: 0.362–0.499, P<0.001) were identified as independent predictors of survival. And after adjusting for known factors (age, sex, race, tumor size, marital status, histologic type, grade, stage), chemotherapy (HR =1.220; 95% CI: 1.050–1.417, P=0.009) was revealed to be an independent indicator of poor prognosis.ConclusionsThere was an increasing trend in the incidence of appendiceal cancer in the United States between 2004 and 2015. Chemotherapy was revealed to be an independent indicator of poor prognosis, which provide valuable insight into the therapy of primary appendiceal cancer. Large clinical trials of chemotherapy and targeted therapy for appendiceal cancer are urgently needed.     

An integrated strategy for the comprehensive profiling of the chemical constituents of Aspongopus chinensis using UPLC-QTOF-MS combined with molecular networking

ContextThe extracts of Aspongopus chinensis Dallas (Pentatomidae), an insect used in traditional Chinese medicine, have a complex chemical composition and possess multiple pharmacological activities.ObjectiveThis study comprehensively characterizes the chemical constituents of A. chinensis by an integrated targeted and untargeted strategy using UPLC-QTOF-MS combined with molecular networking.Materials and methodsThe ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) combined with molecular networking-based dereplication was proposed to facilitate the identification of the chemical constituents of aqueous and ethanol extracts of A. chinensis. The overall strategy was designed to avoid the inefficiency and costliness of traditional techniques. The targeted compounds discovered in the A. chinensis extracts were identified by searching a self-built database, including fragment ions, precursor ion mass, and other structural information. The untargeted compounds were identified by analyzing the relationship between different categories, fragmentation pathways, mass spectrometry data, and the structure of the same cluster of nodes within the molecular network. The untargeted strategy was verified using commercial standard samples under the same mass spectrometry conditions.ResultsThe proposed integrated targeted and untargeted strategy was successfully applied to the comprehensive profiling of the chemical constituents of aqueous and ethanol extracts of A. chinensis. A total of 124 compounds such as fatty acids, nucleosides, amino acids, and peptides, including 74 compounds that were reported for the first time, were identified in this study.ConclusionsThe integrated strategy using LC tandem HRMS combined with molecular networking could be popularised for the comprehensive profiling of chemical constituents of other traditional insect medicines.     

Statistical Methods for the Analysis of Food Composition Databases: A Review

Evidence-based knowledge of the relationship between foods and nutrients is needed to inform dietary-based guidelines and policy. Proper and tailored statistical methods to analyse food composition databases (FCDBs) could assist in this regard. This review aims to collate the existing literature that used any statistical method to analyse FCDBs, to identify key trends and research gaps. The search strategy yielded 4238 references from electronic databases of which 24 fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Information on the objectives, statistical methods, and results was extracted. Statistical methods were mostly applied to group similar food items (37.5%). Other aims and objectives included determining associations between the nutrient content and known food characteristics (25.0%), determining nutrient co-occurrence (20.8%), evaluating nutrient changes over time (16.7%), and addressing the accuracy and completeness of databases (16.7%). Standard statistical tests (33.3%) were the most utilised followed by clustering (29.1%), other methods (16.7%), regression methods (12.5%), and dimension reduction techniques (8.3%). Nutrient data has unique characteristics such as correlated components, natural groupings, and a compositional nature. Statistical methods used for analysis need to account for this data structure. Our summary of the literature provides a reference for researchers looking to expand into this area.     

数字化口腔内窥镜的设计与实现

以梯度折射率透镜（自聚焦透镜）为摄像镜头，通过光电转换，结合数字信号处理和数据库技术．设计并实现了数字化口腔内窥镜。临床应用表明，所研制的自聚焦口腔内窥镜不仅操作简单、成像清晰且便于对患者的各种信息进行管理、查询，有望成为牙科医生必备的一种新诊疗设备。     

Risk factors for and predictive nomogram of overall survival in adult patients with craniopharyngiomas: A SEER population-based study

Studies with relatively large sample size as well as long-term follow-up focusing on adult craniopharyngioma (CP) patients are still lacking. We attempted to identify independent prognostic factors and establish a nomogram model to estimate survival rates for adult CP patients.The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to obtain data on patients with CP. Univariable and multivariable Cox analyses were utilized to identify the prognostic factors of adult CP patients. A survival prediction model was constructed and its predictive performance was also assessed.A total of 991 patients (695 in training group and 296 in validation group) were eligible for final inclusion. Multivariate Cox analysis presented that age at diagnosis, marital status, race, tumor size, and surgery type were statistically significant prognostic factors for overall survival (all P < .05). A graphical predicting nomogram model was developed to calculate the predicted patients’ survival probabilities at 1, 2, 5, and 10 years. The concordance indexes were 0.708 ± 0.019 and 0.750 ± 0.025 for the training and validation samples, respectively, demonstrating favorable discrimination abilities. Similarly, the time-dependent area under curve also showed overall satisfactory discrimination ability. Favorable consistencies between the predicted and actual survival were presented according to the calibration curves.An easy-to-use nomogram, being proven to be with reliable discrimination ability and accuracy, was established to help predict overall survival for adult patients with CP using the identified significant prognostic factors.     

医院与社区卫生服务模式的探索与实现

研究利用当代信息网络技术,探索实现医院与所辖社区卫生服务模式,为社区居民到上级医院就诊提供惠民的“绿色通道”.分析了社区卫生服务模式现状,详细介绍了医院与所辖社区卫生服务模式的实现,包括关键技术实现和系统功能,阐述了医院与所辖社区卫生服务模式取得的成效,并对下一步工作进行了展望.     

基于Sybase的HIS系统数据库死锁原因浅析

基于Sybase的医院信息系统（HIS）在开发及维护过程中,都遇到过各种死锁问题的困扰。引起数据库死锁的原因有多种,分析了引起Sybase数据库死锁原因,从而为解决死锁问题理清了思路。     

Monitoring Emerging Diseases of Fish and Shellfish Using Electronic Sources

New and emerging fish and shellfish diseases represent an important constraint to the growth and sustainability of many aquaculture sectors and have also caused substantial economic and environmental impacts in wild stocks. This paper details the results of 8 years of a monitoring programme for emerging aquatic animal diseases reported around the world. The objectives were to track global occurrences and, more specifically, to identify and provide advanced warning of disease threats that may affect wild and farmed fish stocks in the UK. A range of electronic information sources, including Internet newsletters, alerting services and news agency releases, was systematically searched for reports of new diseases, new presentations of known pathogens and known diseases occurring in new geographic locations or new host species. A database was established to log the details of key findings, and 250 emerging disease events in 52 countries were recorded during the period of study. These included 14 new diseases and a further 16 known diseases in new species. Viruses and parasites accounted for the majority of reports (55% and 24%, respectively), and known diseases occurring in new locations were the most important emerging disease category (in which viruses were dominant). Emerging diseases were reported disproportionally in salmonid species (33%), in farmed populations (62%) and in Europe and North America (80%). The lack of reports from some regions with significant aquaculture or fishery production may indicate that emerging diseases are not being recognized in these areas owing to insufficient surveillance or testing or that these events are being under‐reported. The results are discussed in relation to processes underpinning disease emergence in the aquatic environment.