Are we ready yet for digital transformation? Virtual versus on-campus OSCE as assessment tools in pharmacy education. A randomized controlled head-to-head comparative assessment

BackgroundThe global COVID-19 pandemic has influenced pharmacy education including learning, assessment, and exams. In the UAE, pharmacy instructors have adapted several innovative teaching methods to strive for quality learning outcomes. The current trial presented a head-to-head comparative assessment between on-campus versus virtual Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) with examiners’ and students’ perspectives.AimThe main aim was to compare fourth-year students’ and examiners’ perceptions of the feasibility (time and logistics), stress, performance, and satisfaction between on-campus versus virtual OSCE.MethodA randomized controlled head-to-head comparative assessment between the On-campus and virtual OSCE was conducted to explore performance and satisfaction of pharmacy students and examiners towards the two OSCE settings. The virtual OSCE was carried out directly after the on-campus -OSCE and the setting was designed in a way that aligned with the on-campus OSCE but in a virtual way. Microsoft Teams® breakout room was used as a virtual stations. Respondus-lockdown-browse and Google Meet® were used for proctoring purposes.ResultsStudents who sat for the on-campus assessment were more satisfied with the instructions, the orientation session, the time management, and the overall exam setting, the ability of the exam to assess their communication and clinical skills, professionalism and attitude, and the interactivity of the exam compared to the students who sat for the virtual assessment. Examiners’ perceptions for both settings were the same with the exception of interaction with students (p less than 0.05) as the on-campus OSCE was more interactive.ConclusionStudents still prefer the on-campus OSCE to the virtual OSCE format in many aspects. Nevertheless, virtual OSCE is still a feasible and satisfactory method of assessment when on-campus OSCE is not possible. There is a need of a specialized platform to conduct the virtual OSCE from A to Z rather than maximizing the use of options in the current digital platforms.     

抗菌药物专项整治以来南京市二、三级医疗机构抗菌药物使用分析

目的：分析抗菌药物专项整治后南京市二、三级医疗机构采购、使用抗菌药物的变化情况。方法：调取2011~2015年南京市28家二、三级医疗机构药品数据,利用Excel 2010和SPSS 20统计软件,分析各年度抗菌药物采购金额、使用频度、品种数量、给药途径等指标。结果：二、三级医疗机构抗菌药物使用存在一定差异。开展抗菌药物专项整治以后,多项指标得到改善。医疗机构抗菌药物采购金额比例均值从25.03%下降到16.89%,平均使用品种数量从58.14种下降到42.07种,使用品种趋于集中。抗菌药物使用品种数合格的医疗机构数量从4家增加到12家。抗菌药物注射剂使用比例,各级别、各类别抗菌药物使用比例均保持稳定。2014年起部分指标有反弹趋向。结论：抗菌药物专项整治活动有效地促进了抗菌药物的合理使用;但医疗机构需进一步补弱固强,发展整治成果。     

重症监护室层级护士专业实践能力自我评价现状调查

目的 调查广东省汕头市重症监护室护士专业实践能力自我评价水平,为制定重症监护室层级护士规范化培训和培训效果评价体系提供参考依据.方法 采用便利抽样法抽取该市255名重症监护室护士,采用一般情况调查表、重症监护室护士专业实践能力自我评价表进行问卷调查.结果 回收有效问卷214份.专业实践能力水平较低排名前3的有:识别适应证并管理肺动脉漂浮导管的病人、管理主动脉球囊反搏术的病人、根据常规监测和护理肾脏手术的病人,分值分别为864分、761分、651分.除N4级专业实践能力水平较高,N0、N1、N2、层级护士专业实践能力处中下水平.如呼吸系统N4级(12.91±3.42)分、N0级(18.71±6.04)分、N1级(16.51±5.74)分、N2级(18.67±5.50)分、N3级(16.52±5.61)分.结论 应加强ICU专科新技术使用技能培训.N0、N1层级护士专业实践能力较低,应加强低年资护士专业实践能力培训;N2、N3层级护士可根据个人专业实践能力考核结果选择个性化培训课程;N4级护士专业实践能力水平较高,在科室可承担教学角色和管理角色.     

药用蔗糖细菌内毒素检查法建立及方法学研究

目的 建立药用蔗糖细菌内毒素检查法.方法 参照中国药典2015年版四部通则1143细菌内毒素检查法进行实验[1].结果 当药用蔗糖配制成2.0mg·mL-1浓度时进行细菌内毒素检查无干扰作用.结论 药用蔗糖建立细菌内毒素检查法是可行的.     

Evaluating Patient Education Materials for Grade Level

Patients are often given patient education documents to take home with them when they leave the hospital. It is important that these documents be at an appropriate grade level since some patients have low health literacy and may be unable to read the materials given to them. Evaluators can use readability tools to assess their patient education materials and make sure they are at a sixth- to eighth-grade reading level. The hospital librarian can play a large role in identifying the grade level of patient education materials.     

Structure of Drug Use and Drug Definition among Youth

Five thousand West-German soldiers anwered a questionnaire on personal drug use, evaluation of substances regarding their being drugs, and illness-value ascribed to heavy drug use. A partial correspondence between the structures of drug use and drug definition was found. Beer and wine consumption were clearly differentiated. Mentally, cannabis and hard liquor were placed on comparable levels. A wholesale approach to alcohol consumption, and exclusive categorization of cannabis as a fashion drug, lumped together with hallucinogens and opiates. seem unwarranted.     

某院住院患者死亡率偏高原因分析及建议

目的 分析某三甲医院住院患者死亡率偏高的原因,探讨改进建议.方法 通过问卷调查、医生访谈、病历抽查等,对2013年653例住院病例进行回顾性调查与分析.结果 死亡率偏高的主要原因是收治病种诊治难度高、姑息治疗与临终关怀患者多、病案管理水平与医疗质量不高等.结论 建议加强医务人员培训,提高诊疗水平;建立临终关怀病房,加强与社区医院的合作;提高对老年疾病的重视程度,加强老年患者管理;强化病案管理,提高诊断与编码的准确率等.     

以等级医院评审为契机提高临床输血管理水平

目的探讨等级医院评审对临床输血管理工作的持续改进成效。方法收集等级医院评审前后相关输血相关资料,分别从输血申请单、输血病历、临床用血情况进行回顾性分析。结果等级医院评审后,输血申请单填写不合格率由59.7%降低到9.7%,输血病历不合格率由79.0%下降到23.7%。在住院患者与手术患者增长的情况下,用血人次与用血总量均减少。结论等级医院评审可有效提高临床输血管理质量。通过建立规范化、标准化的输血管理体系,可以促进临床用血更加科学、合理、安全、有效     

二级医院医疗设备管理的科学化

针对医院医疗设备管理中的常见问题,运用科学的、专业的、有效的项目分类管理的理论和方法。根据二级医院所处医疗范围的特点、建设模式及业务流程的优化原则,加强科学管理,控制人为因素,采用科学的沟通方式。阐述了二级医院医疗设备的档案、在用科室及环境、使用、保养维护、设备计量、临床安全及不良事件、报废、工程技术人员的作用等方面,明确指出在二级医院这个特定的环境下,如何科学的管理医疗设备,才能提高设备的最大优势,发挥最大效能,促进医院建设,推动社会和谐发展。     

地区级三级医院学科建设的探讨

结合本医院创建重点专科的经验、总结了地区级三级医院创建临床重点专科的基本原则,重点学科建设的目标与战略定位,加强学科建设的具体措施,为促进医院重点专科建设取得实效,促进医院可持续发展提供借鉴。