人参茎叶总皂甙对遗传物质损伤的修复作用及其时间效应

本研究通过微核试验证明：给小鼠腹腔注射丝裂霉素Ｃ（ＭＭＣ）后，再给予人参茎叶总皂甙（ｇｉｎｅｓｅｎｏｓｉｄｅｓＧＮＳｉ．ｇｏｒｉ．Ｐ），可明显降低０．５、１．００ｍｇ／ｋｇＭＭＣ诱发的小鼠骨髓细胞微核率；时间效应试验证明；在诱变剂作用前，给予小鼠ＧＮＳ，降低微核细胞率效果更好，以作用４８ｈ效果最佳。     

人参茎叶皂甙与Rb_1等单体对病毒复制的影响

本实验表明:人参茎叶皂甙(GNS)具有明显的抑制HSV-Ⅰ、HSV-Ⅱ、AdVⅢ、VSV四种病毒复制,从而使细胞得到保护的作用;并在九种人参皂甙单体中筛选出保护作用的有效成分,以R_b族为主。实验还证明,GNS对细胞的保护作用不是直接的杀伤病毒。     

古方生脉散制剂中人参皂甙的反相高效液相色谱分离和含量测定

用反相高效液相色谱法对生脉散制剂中人参皂甙类成分进行分离，并测定处方中人参皂甙Ｒｇ１含量。用Ｉｎｅｒｔｓｉｌ ＯＤＳ－２柱，乙晴－０．０５％磷酸（１９：８１）为流动相，２０３ｎｍ为检测波长。方法准确、精密、灵敏、分离良好，可用于多种样品分析。     

Identification of ginsenoside interaction sites in 5-HT3A receptors

We previously demonstrated that 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg(3) (Rg(3)), one of the active components of Panax ginseng, non-competitively inhibits 5-HT(3A) receptor channel activity on extracellular side of the cell. Here, we sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Rg(3)-induced 5-HT(3A) receptor regulation. We used the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique to investigate the effect of Rg(3) on 5-HT-mediated ion currents (I(5-HT)) in Xenopus oocytes expressing wild-type or 5-HT(3A) receptors harboring mutations in the gating pore region of transmembrane domain 2 (TM2). In oocytes expressing wild-type 5-HT(3A) receptors, Rg(3) dose-dependently inhibited peak I(5-HT) with an IC(50) of 27.6+/-4.3microM. Mutations V291A, F292A, and I295A in TM2 greatly attenuated or abolished the Rg(3)-induced inhibition of peak I(5-HT). Mutation V291A but not F292A and I295A induced constitutively active ion currents with decrease of current decay rate. Rg(3) accelerated the rate of current decay with dose-dependent manner in the presence of 5-HT. Rg(3) and TMB-8, an open channel blocker, dose-dependently inhibited constitutively active ion currents. The IC(50) values of constitutively active ion currents in V291A mutant receptor were 72.4+/-23.1 and 6.5+/-0.7microM for Rg(3) and TMB-8, respectively. Diltiazem did not prevent Rg(3)-induced inhibition of constitutively active ion currents in occlusion experiments. These results indicate that Rg(3) inhibits 5-HT(3A) receptor channel activity through interactions with residues V291, F292, and I295 in the channel gating region of TM2 and further demonstrate that Rg(3) regulates 5-HT(3A) receptor channel activity in the open state at different site(s) from those of TMB-8 and diltiazem.     

Simultaneously determination of five ginsenosides in rabbit plasma using solid-phase extraction and HPLC/MS technique after intravenous administration of 'SHENMAI' injection

In this study, a sensitive and reliable analytical method for the simultaneous determination of five ginsenosides (R(g1), R(f), R(e), R(d) and R(b1)) in rabbit plasma was developed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Zorbax SB-C18 Column (150 mm x 2.1 mm i.d., 5.0 microm particle size) with a simple linear gradient elution. The detection was conducted on a single quadrupole mass spectrometer by selected ion monitoring mode via electrospray ionization source. Good linearity over the investigated concentration ranges was observed with the values of R(2) higher than 0.991 for all the analytes. Limits of detection of the analytes varied from 0.25 ng/ml to 1.45 ng/ml, and the average recoveries, examined at three concentration levels, ranged from 90.6% to 106.9%. The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of the ginsenosides in the rabbit plasma after intravenous administration of 'SHENMAI' injection.     

人参皂甙对大鼠输精管和肛尾肌中α受体效应的影响

人参皂甙(G,10~(-4)g/ml)对离体大鼠输精管(RVD)的正常张力无影响,但能增强电场刺激引起的RVD收缩效应,对抗可乐定(Clo)抑制和育亨宾(Yoh)增强电场刺激引起的RVD收缩。G使苯福林(Phe)对RVD和肛尾肌(RAM)α_1受体作用的量效曲线右移。上述结果进一步支持G在突触前后膜α受体水平上可能均起着调谐剂(modulator)样作用的观点。     

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/TOFMS) for time-dependent profiling of raw and steamed Panax notoginseng

The metabolic profiles of Panax notoginseng and its associated therapeutic values are critically affected by the duration of steaming. The time-dependent steaming effect of P. notoginseng is not well-characterized and there is also no official guideline on its duration of steaming. In this paper, a UHPLC/TOFMS-based metabolomic platform was developed for the qualitative profiling of multiparametric metabolic changes of raw P. notoginseng during the steaming process. Our method was successful in discriminating the differentially processed herbs. Both the unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) score plot (R²X = 0.664, Q² (cum) = 0.622, and PCs = 2) and the supervised partial least square-data analysis (PLS-DA) model (R²X = 0.708, R²Y = 0.461, and Q²Y = 0.271) demonstrated strong classification and clear trajectory patterns with regard to the duration of steaming. The PLS-DA model was validated for its robustness via a prediction set, confirming that the UHPLC/TOFMS metabolic profiles of the raw and differentially steamed P. notoginseng samples were highly reproducible. Based on our method, the minimum durations of steaming for the maximum production of bioactive ginsenosides such as Rg3 and Rh2 were also predicted. Our novel time-dependent metabolic profiling approach represents the paradigm shift in the quality control of P. notoginseng products.     

五种化感物质对人参幼根皂苷含量的影响

采用比色法测定了人参根系分泌物中苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、丁二酸二异丁酯、棕榈酸和2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷在1mg·L-1、0.1mg·L-1和0.01mg·L-1浓度下对人参幼根总皂苷含量的影响。试验结果表明,酚酸类化感物质能够降低人参皂苷含量,且随浓度增加,人参皂苷含量明显减少。研究结果说明酚酸类化感物质不仅对人参种子萌发、幼苗生长具有自毒作用,而且对人参有效成分的含量有显著影响。     

人参美白霜中人参皂苷的SPE-ESI-MS/MS分析

目的：应用固相萃取-电喷雾串联质谱（SPE-ESI-MS/MS）法对人参美白霜中人参皂苷进行定性鉴别。方法：通过SPE-ESI-MS/MS联用技术鉴定了人参美白霜中存在人参皂苷。结果：鉴定了人参美白霜中存在8种人参皂苷分别为人参皂苷Rb2,Rc,Rd,Re,Rg1,Rg2,Rh1和三七皂苷R2。结论：本方法简便、可靠,为添加人参皂苷成分的化妆品的质量控制提供了有效的方法。     

西洋参药材高效液相色谱法指纹图谱的研究

目的建立西洋参药材的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)指纹图谱。方法采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统分析不同产地西洋参药材的HPLC,建立西洋参指纹图谱分析指标。结果确立了国产和进口西洋参指纹图谱的技术参数,确定18个共有峰;不同产地西洋参药材指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱(R)的相似度均大于0.85。结论该方法建立的西洋参药材HPLC指纹图谱,为药材鉴别和品质评价、质量控制、制定质量标准提供依据。