正交试验优化人参的微波灭菌工艺研究

目的 优选人参药材微波灭菌工艺.方法 以灭菌率为指标,采用正交试验对药材粒度、灭菌时间、灭菌功率进行考察,并考察微波灭菌对人参皂苷的影响.结果 筛选出最佳微波灭菌工艺:灭菌时间240 s、人参药材粒度为细粉(10目)、灭菌功率6 000 W.结论 优选的工艺灭菌效率高,简便可行.     

基于小鼠温度趋向行为学表征的红参和西洋参寒热药性差异研究

目的 探讨红参、西洋参对体虚、体盛模型动物温度趋向行为的干预作用与其寒热药性的内在联系,尝试建立寒热药性差异的客观评价方法.方法 雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为空白组、体虚组、体盛组、体虚+红参组、体虚+西洋参组、体盛+红参组、体盛+西洋参组,每组6只.分别采用控制饮食+游泳和饲喂高蛋白饲料的方法制备体虚和体盛模型.红参和西洋参用药剂量均为35mg/g,每天1次灌胃,连续7 d,不用药组以同体积生理盐水灌胃.用药期间每天用自行设计研制的动物温度趋向性行为学智能监测系统监测各组小鼠在该系统温度控制板高温区(40℃)停留时间占监测总时间的比例,并记录饮水量.用药结束后处死各组小鼠,分别以定磷法和黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测肝组织Na+K+-ATP酶和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.结果 体虚组小鼠出现体重增长停滞、倦怠、饮水量下降、尾巴及四肢冰凉等"虚寒证"表现,而体盛组小鼠出现体重和饮水量增加、喜动等"热证"表现.7 d实验期间高温区停留比例体虚组为70.6%±21.3%,明显高于空白组(52.1%±6.5%,P<0.05),体盛组为45.7%±4.6%,明显低于空白组(P<0.05);体虚+红参组和体虚+西洋参组分别为65.6%±7.8%和75.3%±13.0%,前者明显低于而后者明显高于体虚组(均P<0.05);体盛+红参和体盛+西洋参组分别为36.1%±15.5%和55.5%±7.7%,前者明显低于而后者明显高于体盛组(均P<0.05).红参和西洋参干预对体虚小鼠均有上调肝组织Na+K+-ATP酶和SOD活性的作用(均P<0.05);而对体盛小鼠,仅西洋参有上调肝组织Na+K+-ATP和SOD酶活性的作用.结论 所建立的温度趋向行为检测法可表征红参与西洋参的寒热药性差异,模型动物经药物干预后的环境温度趋向性改变可能是中药寒热药性的外在表达方式之一,且可能与机体能量代谢调节有关.     

Effect of Korean red ginseng extract in a steroid-induced polycystic ovary murine model

Experimental induction of polycystic ovary (PCO) in rodent resembling some aspects of human PCO syndrome was produced using the long-acting compound estradiol valerate (EV). Our previous study on the role of Korean red ginseng total saponins in a steroid-induced PCO rat model demonstrated that electro-acupuncture modulates nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration in the ovaries. In fact, the involvement of a neurogenic component in the pathology of PCO-related ovarian dysfunction is preceded by an increase in sympathetic outflow to the ovaries. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) administration modulates sympathetic nerve activity in PCO-induced rats. This was done by analyzing NGF protein and NGF mRNA expression involved in the pathophysiological process underlying steroid-induced PCO. EV injection resulted in significantly higher ovarian NGF protein and NGF mRNA expression in PCO-induced rats compared to control rats, and PCO ovaries were counteracted by KRGE administration with significantly lower expression of NGF protein and NGF mRNA compared to EV treated ovaries. These results indicate that EV modulates the neurotrophic state of the ovaries, which may be a component of the pathological process by which EV induces cyst formation and anovulation in rodents. The first two authors contributed equally to this work.     

参芦的质量标准研究

目的:建立参芦的质量标准。方法:根据2005年版《中国药典》方法,鉴别参芦的性状、显微特征,检查其水分、总灰分、酸不溶灰分;采用薄层色谱(TLC)法进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1的含量。结果:性状、显微特征明显;TLC斑点清晰、分离度好;人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1的进样量分别在1.01～10.10(r=0.9997)、0.69～6.90(r=0.9994)、1.01～10.10(r=0.9998)μg范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系,平均回收率分别为99.91%、99.55%、99.65%,RSD分别为1.54%、1.67%、2.50%(n=9)。结论:所建标准可用于参芦饮片的质量控制。     

人参芦头多糖的初步研究

目的 探讨人参芦头多糖的组成与质量分数及其相对分子质量分布.方法 采用紫外光谱扫描法分析人参芦头多糖的质量分数,采用TLC法分析其单糖组成,采用HPLC-HPSEC法测定多糖相对分子质量的分布,用硫酸-咔唑法测定多糖的量.结果 紫外光谱扫描未发现在260和280 nm附近有特征吸收,经TLC分析,芦头多糖水解后的单糖成分为葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖及葡萄糖醛酸,多糖相对分子质量分布为1×103～1×106,提取的人参芦头粗多糖含多糖按半乳糖醛酸计为12.2％(RSD=0.6％,n=6).结论 经提取分离纯化得到的人参芦头多糖中蛋白质及核酸等杂质较少,不影响后续的多糖相对分子质量分布的测定,采用硫酸-咔唑法定量测定较好.     

微波消解/ICP-MS同时测定人参中15种稀土元素

目的:建立一种电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定人参中稀土元素的方法。方法:样品经HNO3+H2O2微波消解后,用ICP—MS测定89Y,139La,140Ce,141Pr,146Nd,147Sm,151Eu,157Gd,159Tb,163Dy,165Ho,166Er,169Tm,172Yb和175Lu共15种稀土元素。结果:15种稀土元素的检出限分别在0.24~2.46μg/kg之间,线性良好,相关系数≥0.9996。利用该方法分析了国家一级灌木枝叶标准物质(GBW 07604)、小麦粉标准物质(GBW 10011)和鸡肉标准物质(GBW 10018)中的稀土元素,结果与标准值一致,用该方法测定人参中的稀土元素,结果令人满意。结论:该方法质谱图简单,选择性和灵敏度好,定量准确,适用于人参中稀土元素的测定。     

Amplified immune response by ginsenoside-based nanoparticles (ginsomes)

We describe here a novel adjuvant of ginsenoside-based nanoparticles (ginsomes) and its activity for up-regulation of immune response in mice. Ginsomes were assembled during removal of the detergent by dialysis in presence of ginseng saponins extracted from the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, cholesterol and phosphatidyl choline. The nanoparticles were spherical with diameters ranging from 70 to 107 nm, and contained ginsenosides Rb2, Rc, Rb1 and Rd. When co-administered with a model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) in ICR mice, ginsomes at a dose range from 10 to 250 μg promoted significantly higher IgG responses than OVA alone. Co-administration of ginsomes with OVA also significantly increased the levels of specific IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3, as well as T and B lymphocyte proliferation in response to Con A, LPS and OVA than when OVA was used alone. The enhanced IgG titer and subclass levels paralleled the increased production of IFN-γ (Th1 cytokine) and IL-5 (Th2 cytokine). Therefore, ginsomes as an adjuvant have up-regulated both Th1 and Th2 immune responses.     

参附注射液联合前列腺素E1治疗糖尿病足40例疗效观察

目的：观察参附注射液联合前列腺素E1（PGE1）治疗糖尿病足的临床疗效。方法：将40例糖尿病足患者分成治疗组和对照组，治疗组（n=20）采用基础治疗＋静脉滴注（参附注射液＋PGE1）并与对照组（n=20）采用基础治疗＋静脉滴注PGE，进行比较。观察治疗前后糖尿病足溃疡愈合的疗效并对治疗前后血管超声及血凝指标进行分析。结果：治疗组总有效率达90．0％，对照组为65．0％，2组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；治疗组胭动脉及足背动脉管腔内径较治疗前均有显著性扩大（P〈0．05）：治疗组用药后组织型纤溶酶原激活物（tPA）显著升高，纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1（PAI-1）有显著降低。结论：参附注射液联合PGE，治疗糖尿病足疗效显著，明显提高了溃疡治愈率，副作用轻微，值得临床推广。     

人参根总皂甙的抗DNA损伤与抗突变效应

用ＦＡＤＵ法，Ａｍｅｓ试验及小鼠骨髓细胞ＰＣＥ微核试验检测了人参根总皂甙（ＧＲＳ）的抗ＤＮＡ损伤与抗突其效应，结果表明ＧＲＳ具有明显的抗ＤＮＡ损伤及抗突变效应。     

人参皂甙增强心脏停搏液对离体大鼠心肌的保护作用

利用离体大鼠心脏观察托马斯停搏液中加入不同浓度人参皂甙对心肌的保护及抗氧化作用。结果发现,心肌低温缺血120min再灌注25min时实验组各项心功能指标恢复皆明显高于对照组,尤以人参皂甙浓度为100μg/ml再灌注后各项心功能指标恢复为佳。从再灌注后的连续观察中发现,再灌后心功能是逐渐上降的,但实验组心功能下降的程度明显较对照组为轻。实验组再灌注30min时心肌丙二醛含量明显低于对照组。表明人参皂甙通过对抗心肌细胞膜脂质的过氧化,减轻心肌细胞膜的损伤,有利于恢复灌注后心肌功能的恢复,从而增强托马斯停搏液对心肌的保护作用。