人参的分析——Ⅲ.人参单体皂甙的提取分离与薄层光密度法测定

本文用高效液相制备柱色谱法从我国园参根中分离出Rb₁等五种主要皂甙。以此为对照品用硅胶G薄层展开,15%硫酸—硫酸氢铵乙醇饱和溶液显色后光密度法测定。并用此法对我国白参、三七与朝鲜红参、西洋参、美国野参等亲缘生药中皂甙含量进行了分析比较。     

Protective effect of fermented Red ginseng on a transient focal ischemic rats

Red ginseng and fermented red ginseng were prepared, and their composition of ginsenosides and antiischemic effect were investigated. When ginseng was steamed at 98-100 degrees C for 4 h and dried for 5 h at 60 degrees C, and extracted with alcohol, its main components were ginsenoside Rg3> ginsenoside Rb1 > ginsenoside Rb2. When the ginseng was suspended in water and fermented for 5 days by previously cultured Bifidobacterium H-1 and freeze-dried (fermented red ginseng), its main components were compound K > ginsenoside Rg3 > or = ginsenoside Rh2. Orally administered red ginseng extract did not protect ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. However, fermented red ginseng significantly protected ischemica-reperfusion brain injury. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rh2 and compound K, which was found to be at a higher content in fermented red ginseng than red ginseng, may improve ischemic brain injury.     

Effects of ginsenosides Rg<Subscript>3</Subscript> and Rh<Subscript>2</Subscript> on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells

Ginseng has an anti-cancer effect in several cancer models. This study was to characterize active constituents of ginseng and their effects on proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and PC3. Cell proliferation was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation, the intracellular calcium concentration by a dual-wavelength spectrophotometer system, effects on mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases by Western blotting, and cell attachment and morphologic changes were observed under a microscope. Among 11 ginsenosides tested, ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 inhibited the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. EC50s of Rg3 and Rh2 on PC3 cells were 8.4 microM and 5.5 microM, respectively, and 14.1 microM and 4.4 microM on LNCaP cells, respectively. Both ginsenosides induced cell detachment and modulated three modules of MAP kinases activities differently in LNCaP and PC3 cells. These results suggest that ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2-induced cell detachment and inhibition of the proliferation of prostate cancer cells may be associated with modulation of three modules of MAP kinases.     

Modulation of cognition and mood following administration of single doses of Ginkgo biloba,ginseng, and a ginkgo/ginseng combination to healthy young adults

It has previously been demonstrated in separate studies that single doses of Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, and a combination of the two extracts can improve different aspects of cognitive performance in healthy young volunteers. The present study directly compared the effects of single doses of G. biloba, ginseng, and a product combining the two on aspects of mood and cognitive performance in the same cohort of healthy, young adult volunteers. The study followed a randomised placebo-controlled, double-blind, balanced, cross-over design. Twenty participants received 360 mg of ginkgo, 400 mg of ginseng, 960 mg of a product combining the two extracts, and a matching placebo. Treatment order was dictated by random allocation to a Latin square, with a 7-day wash-out period between treatments. Cognitive testing comprised completion of the Cognitive Drug Research (CDR) computerised assessment battery and two serial subtraction mental arithmetic tasks. Mood was assessed with Bond-Lader visual analogue scales. Following a baseline cognitive assessment, further test sessions took place 1, 2.5, 4, and 6 h after the day's treatment was taken. The results largely supported previous findings. All three treatments were associated with improved secondary memory performance on the CDR battery, with the ginseng condition evincing some improvement in the speed of performing memory tasks and in the accuracy of attentional tasks. Following ginkgo and the ginkgo/ginseng combination performance of both the Serial Threes and Serial Sevens, subtraction tasks was also improved at the later testing sessions. No modulation of the speed of performing attention tasks was evident. Improvements in self-rated mood was also found following ginkgo and to a lesser extent the combination product.     

Promotion of hair growth by ginseng radix on cultured mouse vibrissal hair follicles

A 70% methanol extract from red ginseng (steamed and dried roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, a kind of Ginseng Radix) had superior activity to that of white ginseng (peeled and dried root of P. ginseng, another kind of Ginseng Radix) in a hair growth promoting assay using mouse vibrissal follicles in organ culture. Of the major constituents of P. ginseng, ginsenoside-Rb(1) (G-Rb(1)) exhibited activity, but ginsenoside-Rg(1) (G-Rg(1)) and -Ro (G-Ro) were ineffective. Additionally, 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg(3) (20(S)-G-Rg(3)) formed by the processing of red ginseng from the crude root of P. ginseng also showed hair growth promoting activity. These results indicate that Ginseng Radix possesses hair growth promoting activity, and its bioactive components are partially attributable to the ginseng saponin components mentioned above.     

人参果皂苷对犬实验性心肌梗死的保护作用

 目的研究人参果皂苷(Ginseng fruit saponins,GFS)对犬实验性心肌梗死的保护作用。方法犬结扎左冠状动脉前降支6 h造成急性心肌梗死模型,同时应用GFS进行治疗,标测24个点心外膜心电图,求出心肌缺血程度(△Σ-ST)及缺血范围(△N-ST),计算心肌梗死面积(MIS),测定血清磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)、天门冬氨酸氨基转换酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及脂质过氧化物(LPO)和游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量。结果GFS静脉滴注2.5～10 mg·kg^-1,能明显降低实验性心肌梗死犬的△Σ-ST及△N-ST,缩小MIS,降低血清CPK,LDH及AST活性,亦能明显降低血清LPO、FFA含量,提高SOD及GSH-Px活性。结论GFS对犬实验性心肌梗死具有明显的保护作用,可能与其改善心肌代谢,提高内源性抗氧化酶活性,减轻氧自由基的损伤有关。     

西洋参制剂抗疲劳作用的实验研究

[目的]通过小鼠动物实验验证西洋参制剂的抗疲劳作用。[方法]采用"保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法"中抗疲劳实验规定的方法,以小鼠为实验对象,研究西洋参制剂对小鼠体重、游泳时间、爬杆时间及血清尿素氮、血乳酸、肝糖原等生化指标的影响。[结果]西洋参制剂能明显延长小鼠负重游泳时间、爬杆时间;能明显降低小鼠运动后的血清尿素氮和血乳酸的含量;且差异均有显著性。[结论]西洋参制剂具有抗疲劳作用。     

人参皂甙单体Rb1对多药耐药细胞系 K562/HHT的耐药逆转作用

目的：探讨中药钙离子通道拮抗剂人参皂甙单体Ｒｂ１,对白血病多药耐药细胞系（Ｋ－５６２／ＨＨＴ）的耐药逆转作用。方法：药物敏感试验采用四唑氮盐（ＭＴＴ）比色试验法。结果：Ｒｂ１在０～８０ μｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ浓度范围内对Ｋ５６２／ＨＨＴ未见明显毒性作用;２０ μｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ、４０ μｍ ｏｌ／ＬＲｂ１ 耐药逆转倍数分别为４．４、７．９ 倍。结论：Ｒｂ１ 可以逆转Ｋ５６２／ＨＨＴ的多药耐药性,并呈剂量依赖性     

人参根多糖对环磷酰胺抑制免疫功能的影响

人参根多糖灌胃给药100—200mg/kg,对环磷酰胺所致小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能抑制、溶血素形成抑制和迟发型超敏反应抑制均有恢复正常作用。     

人参、黄芪对大鼠中性粒细胞趋化的影响

我们用微孔滤膜法检测了人参、黄芪在体内作用时对大鼠中性粒细胞随机运动和趋化运动的影响。结果表明,人参、黄芪能明显地促进中性粒细胞的趋化运动。