腹腔镜治疗腹腔巨大囊肿及术后下身水肿处理(附5例报告)

目的探讨腹腔镜处理腹腔巨大囊肿及术后下身水肿的方法. 方法 5例腹腔巨大囊肿先行囊肿抽液(1 500～2 000 ml,平均1 800 ml)减压,2例巨大肝囊肿采用经皮穿刺抽液,3例下腹腔囊肿在脐缘小切口直视下抽液,使腹腔空间增大后行腹腔镜下囊肿切除(3例)或开窗引流(2例).对术后出现的下身水肿口服(2例)或静脉注射(3例)利尿剂. 结果 4例术后症状完全消失,1例多囊肝症状明显改善.随访3个月～1年,症状无复发.下身水肿均在5～7 d内基本消失. 结论先行囊肿抽液减压及术后应用小剂量利尿剂可使腹腔巨大囊肿能在腹腔镜下顺利处理并恢复.     

Giant intracranial aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery treated by direct surgery using A3–A3 side-to-side anastomosis and A3-RA graft-STA anastomosis

Summary We describe a giant aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) which was treated with a STA-RA graft-A3 bonnet bypass and A3–A3 side-to-side anastomosis. A giant and partially thrombosed ACoA aneurysm was partially coated 3 years before his current presentation, its gradual increase producing visual field disturbances. An A3–A3 side-to-side anastomosis and STA-RA graft-A3 bonnet bypass were performed. The aneurysm was dissected, and the thrombus removed under transient parent-artery occlusion. The aneurysmal neck was successfully clipped without encountering ischemic changes. This strategy may be useful for treating giant or thrombosed aneurysms in the region of the ACoA.     

Novel C59T leader peptide mutation in the MPZ gene associated with late-onset, axonal, sensorimotor polyneuropathy

The objective of this study was to report a novel exon-1 mutation in the myelin protein zero (MPZ) gene, resulting in axonal Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy with recurrent hyper-CK-emia. In a 64-year-old woman slowly progressive distal lower limb weakness, muscle cramps in the lower limb muscles, and stocking-type numbness had developed from the age of 61. Neurologic examination revealed discrete hip flexor weakness, weakness for foot extension, diffuse wasting of the distal lower limb muscles, reduced patella tendon reflexes, and absent Achilles tendon reflexes. There was recurrently elevated creatine kinase with a maximum of 607 U/l ( n , <145 U/l). Stimulation of the peroneal and tibial nerves did not evoke a muscular response. Electromyography was neurogenic. Biopsy of the right sural nerve showed diffuse axonal degeneration and loss of axons of all diameters. Muscle biopsy showed increased fiber-size variability, angulated fibers, internalized nuclei, accumulations of nuclei, grouped atrophic muscle fibers, and fiber splitting. Molecular genetic analysis by PCR and direct nucleotide sequencing revealed the heterozygous C59T exon-1 MPZ gene mutation, resulting in the amino acid exchange S20F of the MPZ signal protein domain (leader peptide). The novel C59T mutation in the leader peptide of the MPZ gene is pathogenic and manifests as severe, late-onset, axonal, symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy (CMT2) and hyper-CK-emia.     

川芎嗪对弥漫性轴索损伤影像学变化及预后的影响

目的：探讨川芎嗪对弥漫性轴索损伤（DAI）的治疗作用。方法：42例DAI患者随机分为两组，治疗组除常规治疗加用川芎嗪，对照组仅常规治疗。结果：两组在伤后影像学及预后方面均有显著性差异。结论：伤后早期应用川芎嗪能明显促进挫伤及出血灶的吸收，改善DAI的预后。     

Open surgery of giant paraclinoid aneurysms improved by intraoperative angiography and endovascular retrograde suction decompression

Summary In three consecutive cases of giant left sided paraclinoid aneurysms we employed an endovascular retrograde suction decompression technique in combination with intra-operative angiography. A double-lumen balloon catheter was placed in the left internal carotid artery by the transfemoral route. After balloon inflation and placement of a temporary clip distal to the aneurysm blood was aspirated and the aneurysm collapsed. Thus further dissection of the aneurysm could easily be achieved and clips could be placed. Afterwards real-time digital subtraction angiography was performed. Intra-operative angiography led to clip repositioning in all cases either due to a clip induced stenosis of the parent vessel, or because of incomplete aneurysm obliteration. Afterwards successful clipping could be confirmed in all cases. Outcome was excellent in one case, good in the other. The third case, extremely complicated by an accompanying craniopharyngioma, showed a satisfactory outcome, but presented new neurological deficits.     

骨巨细胞瘤术后复发的手术治疗

目的:探讨骨巨细胞瘤术后复发的手术方法及疗效。方法:1994年6月-2003年10月,收治四肢长骨复发性骨巨细胞瘤18例,男12例,女6例;年龄18~44岁,平均26岁。股骨下端5例,胫骨上端8例,股骨上端1例,桡骨远端4例。Enneking分期:Ⅰa期14例,Ⅰb期4例。放射影像学Cam-panicci分级:Ⅰ级7例,Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级4例。病理学Jaffe分级:Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级3例。采用肿瘤扩大切除,吻合血管的自体腓骨、髂骨联合移植术治疗9例;瘤段切除,吻合血管的腓骨头移植重建术4例;瘤段切除,人工假体置换术5例。结果:随访时间11~110个月,平均66个月。所有移植骨术后均愈合,一侧关节间隙轻度狭窄2例,术后再复发1例。术后功能评价:优13例,良3例,可1例,差1例。结论:肿瘤扩大切除,吻合血管的自体腓骨、髂骨联合移植术既能彻底切除病变,又能保持和重建关节功能,是一种较理想的方法,Campanicci分级Ⅲ级、病理学Jaffe分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级的复发性骨巨细胞瘤原则上应施行更为广泛的瘤段切除术,桡骨远端复发性骨巨细胞瘤因其部位的特殊性,应用自体腓骨移植重建效果良好。     

A method to quantitate axonal injury

The quantitation of diffuse axonal injury provides a more objective approach to the assessment of tissue damage in head injuries. The method designed in this study takes into account the anisotropy and structural inhomogeneity of the brain, and the distribution of lesions in diffuse axonal injury. The number of counts required for the statistical analysis is inversely proportional to the square of the desired accuracy, specified as the percentage of the mean value of the axonal balloons since the true mean is unknown from the outset. The number of fields are examined using an indexed-squares graticule in 10 different areas of the brain. Silver-stained sections from the brains of head injured patients that survived longer than 12 h must be used with this method. Difficulties may arise when patients of different survival times are compared since it takes some time for the axonal balloons to develop. A correlation with the survival time can be established with the quantitative data collected. The morphometric principles and the statistical rationale on which this methodology is based are briefly presented.     

桥小脑角区巨大肿瘤诊治的回顾分析

目的　总结桥小脑角区巨大肿瘤的诊治经验。方法　对我科 73例桥小脑角区巨大肿瘤的发病率、临床和影像学表现、定位定性诊断、手术治疗及随访心理治疗结果作回顾性分析。结果　本组 73例桥小脑角巨大肿瘤 (均≥ 4cm)中 ,神经鞘瘤 50例 (68.4% )、脑膜瘤 1 9例 (2 6 .1 % )、胆脂瘤 4例 (5 .6 % )。 73例均有颅神经损害、小脑损害的症状与体征及颅内高压征。 73例中手术全切除 60例 (82 .2 % )、次全切除 1 3例 (1 7.8% )。 56例颅神经损伤中需心理治疗者 40例 (54 .8% ) ,2例死于肺部感染。平均随访 3 - 5年 ,无复发 ,疗效满意。结论　将桥小脑角区巨大肿瘤的临床特点结合影像学检查 ,可作早期定位、定性诊断 ,并有助于手术设计。早诊断、早治疗以及娴熟的显微操作技术是减少并发症 ,提高疗效的关键。手术结合伽玛刀以及随访心理治疗可改善预后 ,提高生存质量。     

Maturation and aging of the axonal cytoskeleton: biochemical analysis of transported tubulin.

Changes in solubility and axonal transport of tubulin during maturation and aging have been investigated using sciatic motor fibers of rats at 4, 7, 14, 30, and 80 weeks of age. One to six weeks after injection of L-[35S]methionine into the spinal cord, labeled cytoskeletal proteins in consecutive segments of the sciatic nerve and the ventral roots were fractionated into soluble and insoluble forms by extraction in 1% Triton at low temperature. In 4-week-old rats, the two forms of tubulin were transported coordinately in a single wave with the average rate of 2 mm/day. At 7 weeks of age, two components in tubulin transport were observed to develop, possibly reflecting the maturation of the axonal cytoskeleton. The slower main component (1.5 mm/day) contained most of the insoluble form together with the neurofilament proteins and the faster component (3 mm/day) was enriched in the soluble form. Though significantly different in composition, the two components correspond to slow component a (SCa) and slow component b (SCb) originally defined in the optic system. A progressive decrease in transport rates of both SCa and SCb was observed with rats at 14, 30, and 80 weeks of age. In addition, there was a large decrease in the proportion of insoluble tubulin during the course of transport in animals older than 30 weeks. This loss of the insoluble form seems to be accounted for partly by the proteolytic degradation of the severely retarded SCa proteins. Changes in axonal transport of tubulin may thus reflect age-related changes in dynamics and turnover of the axonal cytoskeleton.