Demand patterns for HIV-tests in general practice: Information collected by sentinel networks in 5 European countries

This study describes a p. year international data collection on the demand pattern for HIV-antibody tests in general practice recorded by 6 sentinel networks in 5 European countries. The purpose of the recording was to evaluate the use of HIV-antibody testing by general practitioners and the demand for testing among the general population. Sentinel networks of general practitioners are a possible and available instrument for monitoring the perception of the HIV-test, and indirectly of the threat of the HIV-epidemic by the public and by the general practitioners (GPs). Differences were found between the countries in the frequency of testing, the person asking the test and the reason for testing. Possible explanatory factors, such as differences in the routine testing of specific groups, differences in the training and in the role of the GP, differences in the characteristics of prevention policy, are discussed. The European comparison also offers the opportunity to reflect on common medical practice in dealing with demands for HIV-tests.     

Interviewing skills: self-evaluation by medical students

In an independent learning project, 52 third-year medical students carried out a structured self-assessment of two videotaped psycho-social interviews they had conducted with volunteer clients 1 year earlier, as part of a previous course. The interviews had been conducted in small tutorials with feedback from their clients, fellow students and tutors, facilitated by videotape playback. During the sequence of 16 tutorials each student had carried out an early and a late interview and had observed and participated in the discussion of the interviews of 14 peers. Students were asked to tally the frequencies of various interview behaviours, to evaluate the quality of their behaviours, and to establish priorities for future learning. The videotapes were also reliably rated by an independent observer. Students' overall self-assessments correlated 0.46 with those of the independent observer. This correlation was higher than is typically reported in studies of the validity of self-assessment. In absolute terms, the students' mean rating of interviewing performance was 3.2 (adequate plus) which was significantly lower than the observer's mean of 3.6 (adequate to good). Results are discussed in terms of Gordon's (1992) two recommendations for improving the validity of self-assessments and two further suggestions, for paired comparisons and low-threat learning environments, are added.     

运动员Marfan氏综合征的医务监督

目的 :提高教练员和医生对Marfan氏综合征的认识 ,更好地预防运动性猝死。同时为掌握身材高大项目运动员身体形态测量的规律提供参考数据。方法 :通过对 4例确诊和疑似马凡氏综合征运动员从疾病发现、发展变化、死亡、转归过程的阐述、分析 ,提供了对确诊和疑似马凡氏综合征运动员的处理、治疗方案及注意事项。同时对现役国家男、女篮球队运动员进行了包括眼科、骨科、心电图、超声心动图等全面的体检 ,以排查马凡氏综合征。结果提示 :男性运动员主动脉根部大于 60mm、女性大于 5 0mm已具有猝死风险 ,应给予高度重视。篮球运动员臂展 >身高者占4 3 3% ,且男性臂展 /身高 >1 0 3者占 2 0 %。     

元认知能力在医学生临床实习中的培养

元认知能力在医学生临床实习过程中起着非常重要的作用。培养医学生的元认知能力 ,必须丰富医学生的元认知知识 ,强化医学生的元认知体验 ,促进医学生加强元认知监控 ,从而使他们成为独立自主、有创造力的学习者。     

"托管制"条件下医疗服务质量监控的实践

无锡市卫生局在"托管制"条件下,转变政府职能,加强医疗服务质量监控,在依法管理的基础上,严把"导、评、赛、奖"四个控制环节.     

常规医疗设备招标存在问题的思考和对策--决策学多属性效用理论的实践探索

通过对常规医疗设备招标存在问题的思考,采用决策学多属性效用理论作为一种对策方法,并在实际操作中进行了尝试探索,以取得更好的效果.     

Assessment in undergraduate psychiatric education

An assessment of medical students' psychiatric performance demonstrated no association between the ability to rate psychopathology or to observe interview behaviour and traditional written methods of academic achievement. This is in accordance with those few studies which have addressed this issue and indicates that there may well be at least three independent skills involved in clinical decision-making: the ability to engage in interpersonal interaction and elicit information; and the ability to acquire and use academic knowledge. This is consistent with work suggesting that maturational and learning processes influence clinical reasoning, and demonstrates that each component should be addressed in assessing students in psychiatry.     

综合性(师范)大学医学教育教学改革及思考

本文阐述了医学院校并入综合性(师范)大学后,如何利用和发挥综合性大学优势,全面实施素质教育;医文渗透,医理融合;深化教育教学改革;加强师资队伍建设与学科建设探索的体会,并对今后的发展提出某些战略性思考。     

关于卫生监督医疗纠纷类图书归类探析

指出第四版《中图法》中有关卫生监督、医疗事故、医疗纠纷等类目中存在的一些问题和不足,并提出具体改进措施和分类建议。     

大型医用设备成本效益分析在HIS上的实现

介绍了大型医疗设备成本效益分析应用系统挂接HIS(“军字一号”)上的设计、功能实现及应用。该应用系统部分实现了大型医用设备的现代经济管理。