穴敷喘平凝胶贴剂质量标准研究

目的:建立穴敷喘平凝胶贴剂的质量标准。方法:采用TLC法鉴别方中芥子、延胡索、细辛。采用HPLC法测定方中盐酸麻黄碱的含量。结果:定性鉴别中检出芥子、延胡索、细辛,且分离度好、专属性强,阴性对照无干扰。HPLC测定盐酸麻黄碱在0.032～0.096μg有较好的线性关系,平均回收率为98.12%,RSD为1.08%,凝胶贴剂中盐酸麻黄碱含量为4.25mg.g-1。结论:所建立的质量控制方法准确、可靠、专属性强,可以用于该制剂的质量控制。     

痛宁凝胶的成型工艺研究

目的：研究痛宁凝胶的成型工艺。方法：以凝胶的外观稠度、流动性、涂展难易程度为考察指标,筛选骨架材料及附加剂的种类与用量;采用HPLC法测定透皮试验中药物延胡索乙素的累积透过量作为指标,筛选透皮吸收促进剂的种类与用量。结果：痛宁凝胶基质配方为卡波姆2%,甘油10%,三乙醇胺2%,pH值在5.40～5.65之间。结论：痛宁凝胶成型工艺简单、性质稳定、透皮吸收较快。     

Kidney function and markers of renal damage after renal denervation. Does method of measurement matter? The Reshape CV‐Risk Study

Data suggest that renal denervation (RDN) in treatment‐resistant hypertension (TRHT) is safe in terms of renal function. However, most studies report kidney function as creatinine‐based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which may be biased by non‐renal factors. Damage markers other than albuminuria have never been evaluated after RDN. In this non‐randomized RDN trial, we studied changes in kidney function, assessed as measured GFR (mGFR) and various GFR estimates, six months and two years after RDN. We also examined changes in albuminuria and a biomarker of tubular dysfunction. Adult non‐diabetic patients with TRHT and eGFR ≥45 ml/min/1.73 m² were recruited from hypertension clinics. Before bilateral RDN, mGFR was measured by iohexol clearance. We estimated eGFR from serum creatinine and cystatin C (eGFR_crea, eGFR_cys, and eGFR_creacys), and albumin‐creatinine ratio (ACR) and N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG)‐creatinine ratio (NAG‐CR) were measured in spot urines. All measurements were repeated after six and twenty‐four months.Twenty patients, mean age 54 (±9) years and baseline mGFR 83 (±20) ml/min/1.73 m² underwent RDN. After six months, mGFR fell, eGFR_crea remained unchanged, whereas eGFR_cys and eGFR_creacys increased. At 2 years’ follow‐up, eGFR_creacys was significantly lower than at baseline. mGFR was 78 (±28) ml/min/1.73 m². Change in ambulatory systolic BP predicted change in eGFR_crea. Urinary NAG‐CR, but not ACR, increased during follow‐up.Different GFR assessments gave diverging results after RDN. Therefore, care should be taken to method when evaluating kidney function after RDN. Increases in a tubular dysfunction biomarker suggest that kidney damage may occur. Long‐term renal follow‐up is needed after RDN.     

Unmasking the Mask: Investigating the Role of Physical Properties in the Efficacy of Fabric Masks to Prevent the Spread of the COVID-19 Virus

To function as source control, a fabric mask must be able to filter micro-droplets (≥5 µm) in expiratory secretions and still allow the wearer to breathe normally. This study investigated the effects of fabric structural properties on the filtration efficiency (FE) and air permeability (AP) of a range of textile fabrics, using a new method to measure the filtration of particles in the described conditions. The FE improved significantly when the number of layers increased. The FE of the woven fabrics was generally higher, but double-layer weft knitted fabrics, especially when combined with a third (filter) layer, provided a comparable FE without compromising on breathability. This also confirmed the potential of nonwoven fabrics as filter layers in masks. None of the physical fabric properties studied affected FE significantly more than the others. The variance in results achieved within the sample groups show that the overall performance properties of each textile fabric are a product of its combined physical or structural properties, and assumptions that fabrics which appear to be similar will exhibit the same performance properties cannot be made. The combination of layers of fabric in the design of a mask further contributes to the product performance.     

溶液环境对中药模拟体系陶瓷膜微滤过程的影响

目的:探讨不同"溶液环境"对中药模拟体系陶瓷膜微滤过程的影响。方法:以大豆蛋白、小檗碱二元体系为考察对象,以膜通量、小檗碱透过率、蛋白质截留率为指标,考察不同溶液环境对于膜过程的影响。结果:大豆蛋白在1 g.L-1的质量浓度下,膜通量最小,小檗碱的透过率随浓度增加略有降低;pH 4时膜通量最大,蛋白质截留率达99%,且小檗碱的透过率达到60%以上。结论:通过优化中药水提液的溶液环境,可以有效提高膜分离的效率,对于以蛋白质为主要膜污染物的溶液体系,调节pH至蛋白质的等电点附近时,膜分离效果较好。     

补肾通络汤联合厄贝沙坦片治疗慢性肾脏病2～3期临床研究

目的:观察补肾通络汤联合厄贝沙坦片治疗慢性肾脏病(CKD) 2～3期的临床疗效.方法:选取86例CKD 2～3期患者,依据不同治疗方法分为对照组和观察组,每组43例.对照组给予厄贝沙坦片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加服补肾通络汤治疗,2组均连续治疗8周.比较2组治疗前后肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、运动耐力及生活质量.结果:...     

Experimental Research of Fibrous Materials for Two-Stage Filtration of the Intake Air of Internal Combustion Engines

Pollutant properties in intake air to internal combustion engines were analyzed. Mineral dust particles’ influence on accelerated engine components’ wear was discussed. Dust concentration values in the air under various operating conditions in trucks and special vehicles were presented. The idea and necessity for using two-stage filters, operating in a “multi-cyclone–porous partition” system for vehicles operated in dusty air conditions, are presented. Information from the literature information has been presented, showing that impurities in small grain sizes reduce fiber bed absorbency. It has been shown that such a phenomenon occurs during filter material operation, located directly behind the inertial filter (multi-cyclone), which off-road vehicles are equipped with. It results in a greater pressure drop intensity increase and a shorter proper filter operation period. It has been shown that filter material selection for the motor vehicle air filter requires knowledge of the mass of stopped dust per filtration unit area (dust absorption coefficient k_m) determined for a given permissible resistance value Δp_fdop. It has been shown that there is no information on absorption coefficient values for filter materials operating in a two-stage “multi-cyclone–porous partition” separation system. Original methodology and conditions for determining dust absorption coefficient (k_m) of a separation partition, operating under the conditions of two-stage filtration, were presented. The following characteristics were tested: separation efficiency, filtration performance, and pressure drop characteristics of three different filtration partitions. These were A (cellulose), B (cellulose and polyester), and C (cellulose, polyester, and nanofibers layer), working individually and in a two-stage system—behind the cyclone. Granulometric dust composition dosed into the cyclone and cyclone downstream was determined. During tests, conditions corresponding to air filter’s actual operating conditions, including separation speed and dust concentration in the air, were maintained. For the pressure drop values, the dust absorption coefficient (k_m) values of three different filtration partitions (A, B, and C), working individually and in a two-stage system—behind the cyclone—were determined experimentally.     

Biomarkers of renal function in prognostic stratification of patients with acute coronary syndrome

There is close pathophysiological interaction between the kidneys and the heart, affecting, among others, the risk for development and prognosis of many cardiovascular disease. Early risk stratification of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is important for optimizing their therapy. Presented is an overview of prognostic stratification of ACS patients according to baseline levels of renal function biomarkers. Apart from classic biomarkers (creatinine, urea) having a dominant role in advanced chronic kidney disease, some novel biomarkers are listed (cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin-18) that bring an added value as they are directly associated with the pathological mechanisms of the course of ACS.     

Remote ischemic preconditioning for prevention of contrast induced nephropathy—Insights from an Indian study

ObjectivesTo study if four cycles of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) could offer protection against contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) and post procedural renal dysfunction in high risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsThis was a prospective single blind randomized sham controlled trial where patients undergoing coronary angioplasty with stage III chronic kidney disease were randomized into sham preconditioning and remote ischemic preconditioning. The primary outcome was the reduction in the incidence of CIN. The secondary outcomes were the maximum improvement in eGFR, maximum reduction in serum creatinine and composite of requirement of hemodialysis, death and rehospitalization for heart failure up to 6 weeks after PCI.ResultsEleven out of fifty patients in the study group developed CIN (22%) compared to eighteen out of the fifty control patients (36%) (p = 0.123). There was a statistically significant improvement in the post procedure creatinine values at 24 h (p = 0.013), 48 h (p = 0.015), 2 weeks (p = 0.003), 6 weeks (p = 0.003) and post procedure glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values at 24 h (p = 0.026), 48 h (p = 0.044), 2 weeks (p = 0.015) and 6 weeks (p = 0.011) in study group compared to control group. The secondary outcome composite of requirement of hemodialysis, death and rehospitalization for heart failure was not statistically significant (p: 0.646).ConclusionRIPC does not result in significant reduction of CIN. However RIPC helps in the prevention of post procedural worsening in eGFR and serum creatinine even up to 6 weeks.