曲安奈得:用于玻璃体内注射的配制法

目的：具有抗增生、抗水肿、抗炎和血管稳定作用的曲安奈得（TA）混悬液在眼水肿、新生血管和增生性疾病,特别是黄斑疾病的应用正在不断增加.本文描述玻璃体内注射用的TA的配制法并分析赋形剂（苯甲基乙醇）过滤后的实际剂量.方法：从40mg Volon A瓶中,相当于Kenalog40mg,抽取0.625mL结晶混悬液,相当于TA25mg.在无菌条件下,过滤混悬液以去除溶剂苯甲基乙醇,结晶体用9g/L氯化钠洗涤4次,进行TA玻璃体注射.需要密切随访,监测在头2wk内的眼内炎和1～2mo的高眼压.结果：预期25mg TA的浓度在溶剂过滤后测量为23.8mg.在另一个药学实验室,同样过滤后结果是12.8mg,均不是预期的剂量25mg TA.结论：还没有玻璃体内注射TA的标准剂量.手术医生应该知道过滤后玻璃体内注射TA的剂量将比预期的要少.需要在注射后密切随访：在第1wk监测无菌性眼内炎或假性眼内炎,在第2wk要识别感染性眼内炎,它可能出现在无痛和不充血的眼,但必须立即治疗.继发性高眼压可能在注射后1～2mo发生;一般可用抗青光眼药物控制.     

儿童青少年肥胖分布及其与肾功能的关系

目的 探讨儿童青少年肥胖分布特点及其与儿童早期肾功能损害的关系.方法 选取2019年9月宿迁市6所中小学资料完整的3154名学生进行横断面调查,测量身高、体质量并检测尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CR)和尿酸(UA),计算肾小球滤过率(eGFR).比较不同体质量组的肾功能,分析体质指数(BMI)与肾功能的相关性,比较不同性别...     

Performance Comparison of Geodrain Drainage and Gravel Drainage Layers Embedded in a Horizontal Plane

Drainage materials are widely used, among other uses, in the construction of landfills. Regulations require a drainage layer in the base and a covering for the landfill. The implementation of a gravel drain requires a lot of material and financial outlays. New geocomposite materials are an alternative, and facilitate construction. The aim of the research was to compare the drainage properties of the Pozidrain 7S250D/NW8 geocomposite and gravel drainage. The model test was performed on a specially prepared test stand. The research was carried out for model #1, in which the gravel drainage was built. Model #2 had a drainage geocomposite built into it. The test results show the values of the volumetric flow rate for geodrains, with a maximum value of 40 dm³·min⁻¹. For the gravel layer, values of up to 140 dm³·min⁻¹ were recorded. Another parameter recorded during the damming of water by the embankment was the speed of water suction by the geosynthetic and gravel drainage; the values were 0.067 and 0.024 m³·s⁻¹, respectively. The efficiency of water drainage through the geocomposite was sufficient. It is possible to use the slopes of the landfill for drainage, which will reduce material and financial outlays.     

输尿管部分梗阻致肾功能损害及肾间质纤维化的研究

目的:研究单侧输尿管部分梗阻后肾功能损害及肾间质纤维化的发生机理。方法:48只雄性SD大鼠,其中24只为对照组,另24只大鼠建立单侧输尿管部分梗阻动物模型,在术后1、2、4、8周各随机选取6只,测定血、尿肌酐浓度,计算肾小球滤过率,免疫组织化学半定量分析肾间质内Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白含量。结果:输尿管部分梗阻后1周血清肌酐和肾小球滤过率无显著改变,但肾间质纤维化明显(P<0.01),随着梗阻时间延长,肾间质纤维化加重,血清肌酐逐渐升高,肾小球滤过率进行性降低(P<0.01)。结论:输尿管部分梗阻后,肾小管间质纤维化发生在肾功能出现损害之前,肾间质纤维化及肾功能损害均呈进行性发展。     

免疫胶体金技术效能评价

目的 对3种免疫胶体金技术(DIGFA)检测试条(卡)检测乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗HCV)、梅毒螺旋体抗体(抗TP)和艾滋病病毒抗体(抗HIV)的性能进行评价,为各血液中心传染病检测实验室选用提供参考。方法 对多份质控血清和4214份患者血清或血浆分别采用3个厂家的DIGFA试奈(卡)和酶免疫法(EIA)进行检测,以EIA技术为参照,对DIGFA试条(卡)的灵敏度、特异性、检测效率和物理性能等参数进行评价。结果 多份质控血清4个项目DIGFA试条(卡)检测特异性均为100％,HBsAg、抗HIV、抗HCV和抗TP DIGFA试条(卡)检测的灵敏度分别为86．67％、93.33％、86．67％和90．47％;检测效率分别为91．11％、96．67％、93．33％和94．45％。4214份患者血清(血浆)的HBsAg、抗HIV、抗HCV和抗TP DIGFA试条(卡)的检测特异性分别为99．67％、99．76％、99．56％和99．79％;灵敏度分别为68．35％、100．00％、56．41％和73．33％;检测效率分别为97．60％、99．76％、98．77％和99．69％。结论 DIG—FA试条(卡)检测灵敏度比较低,花费成本较大。该技术可用于急诊病人的初步筛选,不适于献血员筛选试验。     

用快速斑点免疫金渗滤法检测抗SSA抗体

目的建立一种简便、快速、可靠的检测抗SSA抗体的方法。方法将重组的SSA抗原包被于硝酸纤维素(NC)膜上,以胶体金标记的葡萄球菌蛋白A(StaphylococusproteinA,SPA)作为显示剂,建立一种检测抗SSA抗体的快速斑点免疫金渗滤法(dotimmunogoldfiltrationassay,DIGFA)。结果本法对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)阳性率为100%,对皮肌炎(DM)阳性率为100%,狼疮性肾炎(LN)阳性率为75%,本法与免疫印迹法(IBT)的符合率为94.1%。IBT法阴性的50例病人中,本法检出3例阳性病例(其ANA均为阳性);健康体检50例均为阴性。结论本法简便、快速、可靠,整个检测过程只需2min,不需其他特殊设备。     

穴敷喘平凝胶贴剂质量标准研究

目的:建立穴敷喘平凝胶贴剂的质量标准。方法:采用TLC法鉴别方中芥子、延胡索、细辛。采用HPLC法测定方中盐酸麻黄碱的含量。结果:定性鉴别中检出芥子、延胡索、细辛,且分离度好、专属性强,阴性对照无干扰。HPLC测定盐酸麻黄碱在0.032～0.096μg有较好的线性关系,平均回收率为98.12%,RSD为1.08%,凝胶贴剂中盐酸麻黄碱含量为4.25mg.g-1。结论:所建立的质量控制方法准确、可靠、专属性强,可以用于该制剂的质量控制。     

Kidney function and markers of renal damage after renal denervation. Does method of measurement matter? The Reshape CV‐Risk Study

Data suggest that renal denervation (RDN) in treatment‐resistant hypertension (TRHT) is safe in terms of renal function. However, most studies report kidney function as creatinine‐based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which may be biased by non‐renal factors. Damage markers other than albuminuria have never been evaluated after RDN. In this non‐randomized RDN trial, we studied changes in kidney function, assessed as measured GFR (mGFR) and various GFR estimates, six months and two years after RDN. We also examined changes in albuminuria and a biomarker of tubular dysfunction. Adult non‐diabetic patients with TRHT and eGFR ≥45 ml/min/1.73 m² were recruited from hypertension clinics. Before bilateral RDN, mGFR was measured by iohexol clearance. We estimated eGFR from serum creatinine and cystatin C (eGFR_crea, eGFR_cys, and eGFR_creacys), and albumin‐creatinine ratio (ACR) and N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG)‐creatinine ratio (NAG‐CR) were measured in spot urines. All measurements were repeated after six and twenty‐four months.Twenty patients, mean age 54 (±9) years and baseline mGFR 83 (±20) ml/min/1.73 m² underwent RDN. After six months, mGFR fell, eGFR_crea remained unchanged, whereas eGFR_cys and eGFR_creacys increased. At 2 years’ follow‐up, eGFR_creacys was significantly lower than at baseline. mGFR was 78 (±28) ml/min/1.73 m². Change in ambulatory systolic BP predicted change in eGFR_crea. Urinary NAG‐CR, but not ACR, increased during follow‐up.Different GFR assessments gave diverging results after RDN. Therefore, care should be taken to method when evaluating kidney function after RDN. Increases in a tubular dysfunction biomarker suggest that kidney damage may occur. Long‐term renal follow‐up is needed after RDN.     

Unmasking the Mask: Investigating the Role of Physical Properties in the Efficacy of Fabric Masks to Prevent the Spread of the COVID-19 Virus

To function as source control, a fabric mask must be able to filter micro-droplets (≥5 µm) in expiratory secretions and still allow the wearer to breathe normally. This study investigated the effects of fabric structural properties on the filtration efficiency (FE) and air permeability (AP) of a range of textile fabrics, using a new method to measure the filtration of particles in the described conditions. The FE improved significantly when the number of layers increased. The FE of the woven fabrics was generally higher, but double-layer weft knitted fabrics, especially when combined with a third (filter) layer, provided a comparable FE without compromising on breathability. This also confirmed the potential of nonwoven fabrics as filter layers in masks. None of the physical fabric properties studied affected FE significantly more than the others. The variance in results achieved within the sample groups show that the overall performance properties of each textile fabric are a product of its combined physical or structural properties, and assumptions that fabrics which appear to be similar will exhibit the same performance properties cannot be made. The combination of layers of fabric in the design of a mask further contributes to the product performance.     

补肾通络汤联合厄贝沙坦片治疗慢性肾脏病2～3期临床研究

目的:观察补肾通络汤联合厄贝沙坦片治疗慢性肾脏病(CKD) 2～3期的临床疗效.方法:选取86例CKD 2～3期患者,依据不同治疗方法分为对照组和观察组,每组43例.对照组给予厄贝沙坦片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加服补肾通络汤治疗,2组均连续治疗8周.比较2组治疗前后肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、运动耐力及生活质量.结果:...