延髓损伤可能会引发局限型和广泛型急性胃粘膜出血

目的：通过动物实验，观察延髓损伤引起胃粘膜出血的表现形式和特点。方法：对１９只成年健康杂种狗，进行延髓一侧性损伤手术（１３只）和对照假损伤性手术（６只）；在损伤后，对胃粘膜表现进行胃镜的动态观察。结果：延髓损伤，可引起胃粘膜出血，而且发生率很高，达１００％；胃粘膜出血的严重程度及其预后有轻、重不同。结论：分析观察结果后认为：胃粘膜出血分可能有局限型和广泛型两个类型；延髓损伤的严重程度与胃粘膜出血的类型密切相关。     

Rapid enlargement of a choledochal cyst: antenatal diagnosis and delayed primary excision

A case of choledochal cyst (CC) antenatally diagnosed at 29 weeks' gestation is reported. Rapid enlargement of the cyst soon after delivery resulted in complete gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). The lesion was treated by external drainage as a temporary maneuver, with delayed cyst excision and hepaticoduodenostomy at the hepatic hilum performed at 81 days of age. Surgical treatment of CC in early infancy has been reported to be safe and effective. However, delayed primary excision would be an alternative procedure, especially in rare cases showing rapid enlargement resulting in GOO, since this choice has the potential advantage of allowing weight gain and improved nutritional status without risking interim complications due to the drainage procedure. Accepted: 24 March 1997     

In vitro expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the nasal mucosa of guinea pigs after incubation with lipopolysaccharides or cytokines

In order to demonstrate the involvement of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) – in particular the inducible isoform (iNOS) – in inflammatory processes within the nasal airways, we used organ-bath incubation to study isolated inferior turbinates and mucosa of the maxillary sinus of guinea pigs. The pattern of the expression in various substructures of the nasal mucosa was of special interest. Mucosa was incubated for 6 h with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) produced by E. coli, interleukin II (IL-2) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Saline was used as the control solution. Following incubation the specimens were fixed in buffered 4% formaldehyde solution over a period of 4 h. Tissues were next exposed to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase-reaction and immunostained with specific antibodies to iNOS. Results then showed a clearly increased or initiated expression of iNOS in epithelium, glands, leucocytes and blood vessels of treated tissues in comparison to the control specimens. The inflammatory mediator LPS and the cytokines Il-2 or TNF-α alone were found to be capable of increasing the expression of iNOS, although the effects of LPS clearly exceeded those of the cytokines. This finding implicates iNOS-generated nitric oxide as a key factor for causing nasal swelling, secretion and obstruction during nasal infections and allergic episodes. Received: 18 November 1997 / Accepted: 22 April 1998     

再次尿道成形术治疗先天性尿道下裂术后严重并发症

目的：了解先天性尿道下裂行各种尿道成形术失败后，利用膀胱粘膜行尿道成形术的疗效。方法：将严重狭窄和（或）无法修补的尿瘘瘢痕组织彻底切除，取膀胱粘膜片形成尿道，正位开口于龟头，新尿道内置多孔硅胶支架管作引流。结果：２８例中，２３例治愈，３例有小尿瘘需作尿瘘修补，２例完全失败，再次作粘膜尿道成形术治愈。结论：各种类型先天性尿道下裂尿道成形失败后，可用膀胱粘膜移植尿道成形，效果良好     

Tumor-specific Activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase in Human Colorectal and Gastric Carcinoma Tissues

To search for the signaling events in colorectal carcinoma relevant to its tumorigenesis, we investigated the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in human colorectal carcinoma tissues and paired normal tissues. Of 64 cases examined, approximately 75% (48 cases) showed tumor-specific activation of MAPK by in situ kinase renaturation assay, as well as in vitro kinase assay with immunoprecipitated MAPK. In addition, tumor-specific activation of MAPK was associated with the activation of MAPK kinase in the cases we examined. However, no clear correlation of MAPK activation with lymph node involvement, metastatic rate, stage, histological classification, age or sex was observed. These results suggest that the MAPK pathway is involved in colorectal tumor development, but its activation alone is not sufficient for malignant conversion. In contrast to colorectal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma tissues showed a lower rate of MAPK activation, suggesting that the signaling pathway activated in colorectal carcinoma tissues may differ in part from that of gastric carcinoma.     

胃癌患者外周血中CK19,CK20表达的临床研究

目的:研究胃癌患者外周血CK19、CK20的表达,并探讨其临床意义.方法:用流式细胞术(FCM)方法,检测66例胃癌、7例消化系统良性疾病及21例本院健康职工外周血CK19、CK20的表达.结果:7例消化系统良性患者、21例本院健康职工外周血CK19、CK20无表达.66例胃癌患者CK19、CK20、CK19 CK20阳性表达率分别为53.1%(35/66)、56.1%(37/66)、46.9%(31/66).TNM分期之间比较,Ⅳ期与Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期之间相互比较,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).转移程度比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).胃癌远处转移诊断敏感度高达90%.结论:胃癌患者外周血CK19、CK20可以作为检测胃癌微转移的指标.     

无瘤接触及杀瘤技术在胃癌根治术中的应用

目的　探讨无瘤接触及杀瘤技术在胃癌根治术中的应用。方法　我院从 1997-10～ 2 0 0 3 -0 8共施行了胃癌D4根治术 5 2例 ,术中全部严格进行无瘤接触及杀瘤技术的应用。并与同期 44例行D1术式但无严格行无瘤接触及杀瘤技术的胃癌患者作一比较 ,从而了解两者 5年生存率的情况。结果　术后均无明显的并发症 ,全部患者治愈出院 ,D4及D1组两者 5年生存率分别为42 3 %及 18 2 % (P <0 0 5 )。结论　在胃癌D4根治术的基础上进行严格的无瘤接触及杀瘤技术 ,是一种安全、合理有效的治疗方法。     

Effects of irradiation on nasal mucociliary clearance in head and neck cancer patients

A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on fifty patients of histopathologically confirmed head and neck cancer with the main aim to assess the nasal mucociliary clearance, pre-and post-irradiation; and to compare the findings with the healthy non-irradiated age and sex-matched controls. All the patients underwent saccharin particle test for nasal mucociliary clearance before commencement of radiation therapy and again within 6 months of completion of radiation therapy. The difference between the saccharin perception times of nasal mucosa in the healthy non-irradiated controls and the pre-irradiated head and neck cancer patients were statistically inssignificant (P>0.05). But, the difference between the saccharin perception times of nasal mucosa in the pre-and post-irradiated head and neck cancer patients was found to be statistically significant (P=0). It is concluded that even indirect irradiation of nasal mucosa in head and neck cancer patients significantly affect its ciliary activity. Significance of total radiation dosage along with chemotherapy in some cases was also studied.     

抑癌基因DPC4在胃癌蛋白的表达及临床意义

目的:研究DPC4(SMAD4)蛋白在胃癌的表达及临床意义。方法:应用免疫组化SP法,对40例胃癌及20例癌周粘膜进行检测,并结合临床资料进行研究。结果:胃癌DPC4(SMAD4)蛋白的表达阳性率为75%(30/40),20例癌周粘膜内DPC4(SMAD4)蛋白均呈强阳性表达,两者比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。DPC4蛋白在胃癌的表达与患者年龄、发生部位无关(P>0.05),而与临床分期、淋巴结转移、病理分级、肿物大小有关性(P<0.01)。结论:DPC4(SMAD4)蛋白的表达与胃癌的发生发展密切相关,对预后的判断有参考价值。     

食管癌术后完整胸胃的排空功能

目的观察保留完整的胸胃在未附加幽门引流术的情况下,对半固体食物的排空过程,探讨完整胸胃的排空规律。方法20例胸段食管癌病人分2组,近期术后组(12例)和远期术后组(8例),另设对照组(健康成年人10例)。观察不同时期病人,在进食试餐后120min内不同时间点的胃排空率(GER)和0～30min及30～120min的胃排空速率(GEV),并进行组间比较。结果近期术后病人的GER与术前相比,餐后5～100min明显快于术前(P<0.05);120minGER无差别(P>0.05);近期术后病人餐后GEV:0～30min加快而30～120min延迟,两个时间段的GEV比较差别显著(P<0.001);远期术后与近期术后病人的GER各时间点比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论食管癌近期术后大部分病人的胸胃对半固体食物排空呈双相,但120min总排空率与术前相比无差别;远期术后病人胸胃对半固体食物的排空与近期术后无差别,食管癌病人手术时不需要常规附加幽门引流术。