白细胞介素-5与嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白在鼻息肉发病中的意义及相互关系

目的：探讨白细胞介素—5(IL—5)及嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)在鼻息肉发病中的作用及相互关系。方法：采用pharmacia CAP荧光免疫系统和ELISA双抗体夹心法对30例鼻息肉患者(鼻息肉组)和8例鼻中隔偏曲或阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者(对照组)分别进行血清中ECP及组织匀浆中ECP、IL—5的检测。结果：鼻息肉组匀浆中IL—5的水平明显高于对照组，其差异有显著性意义(P＜0．05)；鼻息肉组血清与匀浆中的ECP含量明显高于对照组，其差异亦有显著性意义(P＜0．05)。鼻息肉组匀浆中IL—5与血清中ECP水平呈明显正相关(r＝0．598，P＜0．05)；与匀浆中的ECP水平也呈正相关(r＝0．451，P＜0．05)。结论：ECP是嗜酸性粒细胞活化的标志，也是导致鼻腔炎症发生的重要因子；IL—5在鼻息肉组织中高表达，并与血清和组织中ECP水平密切相关，共同促进鼻腔炎症过程的不断加重。     

胆囊癌的临床治疗分析

目的　探讨胆囊癌的临床治疗方法及其预后。方法　回顾性分析 161例胆囊癌的临床资料 ,其中单纯胆囊切除 48例 ,根治性胆囊癌切除 41例 ,胆囊癌扩大切除 2 0例 ,胆囊加胰十二指肠切除 3例 ,单纯探查术 7例 ,介入及放化疗 42例。随访 6个月至 5年。结果　行探查术患者 1年内全部死亡 ,单纯胆囊切除和根治性胆囊癌切除患者的 5年生存率分别为 69%、5 9% ,放疗和介入治疗患者的 5年生存率为 0。结论　胆囊癌早期发现 ,并行根治性切除 ,可显著提高 5年生存率     

Gardner综合征之软组织肿瘤的追踪观察与研究

目的：分析研究Gardner综合征一家系12例患者的软组织肿瘤的自然演变过程与结肠息肉癌变之间的关系。方法：自1989年3月至1998年10月对一家系12例Gardner综合征患者进行了长期追踪观察，采用人体体表摄影，X线平片照像，消化道气钡双对比造影，纤维结肠镜及手术切除，10年中每年观察1-2次，重点患者2次以上。结果：12例均患有软组织肿瘤。活检证实；硬纤维瘤4例。皮脂腺囊肿2例。脂肪瘤2例。神经纤维瘤2例。混合性肿瘤2例。在结肠息肉癌变的5例患者中软组织肿瘤均有不同程度的变化。表现为突然增大，增多，表面发生溃破等。结论：软组织肿瘤的突然增大增多与结肠息肉癌变有密切关系。     

46例胆囊癌临床分析

目的：探讨胆囊癌早期诊断、治疗及预后。方法：分析46例胆囊癌病历资料，结合术后病例随访。术前诊断主要为B超及CT检查。结果：术前诊断胆囊癌28例(60．9%)，术中诊断39例(84．8％)，术中漏诊7例(15．2％)。Ⅰ期2例．Ⅱ期7例，行胆囊切除。Ⅲ期8例，Ⅳ期6例，Ⅴ期5例，行根治性胆囊癌切除。中位生存期分别为68．0个月，42．9个月．18．5个月．8．1个月，6．4个月。Ⅳ期2例，Ⅴ期12例，行胆道引流术，中位生存期4．2个月。Ⅴ期5例，手术活检．中位生存期2．8个月。结论：胆囊癌术前诊断率低(60．9％)，早期诊断困难，术中仍有一定的漏诊率。Ⅰ～Ⅱ期胆囊癌行单纯胆囊切除术，预后良好。Ⅲ～Ⅴ期胆囊癌根治切除术中，Ⅲ期预后理想，胆囊癌根治切除术应为Ⅲ期胆囊癌的常规术式．Ⅳ～Ⅴ期预后差。     

癌基因c-fos和c-jun产物在胆囊癌中的表达

目的：探讨癌基因c-fos、c-jun产物在胆囊癌中的表达及其意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学SABC法观察c-fos、c-jun蛋白在10例正常胆囊组织、16例慢性胆囊炎和胆囊良性肿瘤28例恶性肿瘤中的表达。结果：c-fos、c-jun蛋白在胆囊癌中的阳性表达率均显著高于胆囊良性肿瘤、慢性胆囊炎和正常胆囊组织（P＜0．01），但c-fos、c-jun蛋白的表达强度与胆囊癌的TNM分期、组织学类型及癌组织分化程度无关（P＞0．05）。结论：癌基因c-fos、c-jun在胆囊癌的发生中可能起协同作用。     

经上颌窦前壁钻孔行鼻窦内窥镜术30例报告

报告经上颌窦前壁钻孔行鼻窦内窥镜手术３０例，疗效较好。与鼻腔、鼻窦内窥镜手术比较，该术式具有观察方便，出血少，反应轻，操作方便，并发症少，术后复发率低等优点。     

Parity and other reproductive factors and risk of adenomatous polyps of the distal colorectum (United States)

Evidence for an effect of reproductive factors on colorectal carcinogenesis is inconsistent and little is known about their role in development of precursor adenomatous polyps. We evaluated the relation between reproductive factors and distal colorectal adenomas (n = 982) during14 years of follow up of 26,983 participants in the Nurses' Health Study(United States). The women were free of diagnosed cancer or polyps in 1980,underwent endoscopy 1980-94, and had reported on their parity, oral contraceptive (OC) use, and ages at menarche, first term-pregnancy, and menopause. We calculated relative risks (RR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) using multiple logistic regression. Women with higher parity had an increased risk of adenomas of the distal colorectum (P trend = 0.004;6+ cf 0 parity: RR = 1.3, CI = 0.9-1.8) or distal colon (P trend = 0.002, RR= 1.7, CI = 1.2-2.6). This association was significantly stronger among women with a family history of colorectal cancer ( P interaction = 0.03); comparing6+ term-pregnancies with nulliparity, among those with a family history, the RR for distal colon adenoma was 3.2 (CI = 1.4-7.2), while among those without a family history, the RR was 1.3 (CI = 0.8-2.2). We observed no association for distal colorectal adenoma and age at menarche, age at first term-pregnancy, ever use of OCs, or menopausal status. Further work is needed to clarify the relation of parity with colon adenoma risk. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Geographic Clustering Patterns in Mortality from Biliary Tract Cancer in Japan

We calculated the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of biliary tract cancer (BTC) in Japan from 1981 to 1990 and statistically analyzed the results according to 333 Secondary Areas of Medical Care, as well as sex and subsite [gallbladder cancer (GBC) and extrahepatic bile duct cancer (BDC)], in order to examine geographic clustering patterns of BTC. In GBC in both sexes, the Secondary Areas of Medical Care with high SMRs were clustered in the eastern part of Japan. In BDC in both sexes, the Areas with high SMRs were clustered between the northern and eastern parts of Japan. In comparison with GBC, this clustering favored the northern part of Japan. In males, the clustering pattern in mortality from BTC was mainly due to the occurrence of BDC. In females, the clustering pattern in mortality from BTC reflected that of GBC. The clustering of BTC, especially GBC, seems to be related to the distribution of plains, basins, and rivers.     

Genetic Alterations of Mixed Hyperplastic Adenomatous Polyps in the Colon and Rectum

Some mixed hyperplastic adenomatous polyps (MHAPs) contain dysplastic lesions or even carcinomas. These polyps are considered to be different from ordinary hyperplastic polyps and may have a preneoplastic potential. We investigated APC and K- ras mutations in MHAPs of the colon and rectum, and also in colorectal adenomas and hyperplastic polyps to identify molecular differences between MHAPs, adenomas and hyperplastic polyps, using direct sequencing of mutation cluster regions (MCR) in APC and K- ras . No APC mutations were identified in 12 MHAPs and 8 hyperplastic polyps, whereas 10 of 27 (37.0%) adenomas showed somatic mutations. K- ras mutations were identified in one of 12 (8.3%) MHAPs, one of 8 (12.5%) hyperplastic polyps, and 10 of 27 (37.0%) adenomas. p53 mutation was found in a carcinoma arising in an MHAP. Mutations other than APC mutations may play a role in the development of MHAPs.     

p16基因产物表达与胆囊癌生物学行为和预后的关系

目的与方法:为了解p16基因与胆囊癌发生、生物学行为和预后的关系,采用免疫组化ABC法对36例胆囊癌和20例胆囊腺瘤中的p16蛋白进行了检测.结果:胆囊癌中p16蛋白的阳性率低于胆囊腺瘤(P<0.05);不同组织类型和分化程度不同的胆囊癌之间p16蛋白的阳性率无明显差别(P>0.05);p16蛋白的表达与胆囊癌有无浸润和淋巴结转移及病人的生存期密切相关(P<0.05).结论:p16基因失活与胆囊癌的发生有关,p16蛋白表达缺失与胆囊癌进展和预后不良有关.