Correlation between clinicopathology and expression of heat shock protein 70 and glucose-regulated protein 94 in human colonic adenocarcinoma

AIM: To investigate the correlation between clinicopathology and expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and glucose-regulated protein 94 (grp94) in human colonic carcinoma. METHODS: The expression of HSP70 and grp94 was studied in 80 human colonic cancers with or without metastasis as well as in their adjacent mucous membrane by way of immunohistochemistry and pathology photograph analysis. RESULTS: The expression of HSP70 and grp94 was significantly higher in cancer than that in adjacent mucous membrane (92.5%, 85.0% vs 56.3%, 42.5%, P<0.01). HSP70 and grp94 expressed higher in moderately- and poorly-differentiated colonic cancers than that in their adjacent tissues (93.7%, 87.5%; 100%, 90% vs56.3%, 42.5%;P<0.01). Dukes C and D stages of colonic cancers showed higher positive rates than Dukes A and B stage groups (97.1%, 91.2%; 100%, 90.9%; vs 80%, 70%; 78.6%, 71.4%; P<0.05). There were definite differences in HSP70 and grp94 expression between metastasis groups and non-metastasis groups (100% vs 75%, 100% CONCLUSION: The HSP70 and grp94 expression rates in colonic cancer groups are significantly higher than that in their adjacent mucous membrane. The HSP70 and grp94 expression in poorly-differentiated colonic cancers with metastasis is significantly higher than well-differentiated cancers without metastasis. The overexpression of HSP70 and grp94 can be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers for colonic cancer.     

Isolated cleft mitral valve: a variety of congenital mitral regurgitation identified by 2-dimensional echocardiography

Nine children with isolated cleft mitral valve, aged 1 day to 12 years, were studied. The electrocardiogram showed a normal QRS axis in 5 subjects. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 4 patients and demonstrated severe mitral insufficiency in 3 but failed to clearly demonstrate a cleft mitral valve or gooseneck deformity. The mitral cleft was confirmed at operation in 2 patients. Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a cleft dividing the anterior mitral leaflet into 2 portions in each patient. The mitral anulus was normally positioned and the atrioventricular septum present. Atrial and ventricular septa were intact. Features similar to anatomic studies such as accessory chordae and thickening of the edges of the cleft with increasing age were also seen. Two-dimensional echocardiography is the only method available to reliably diagnose isolated cleft of the mitral valve.     

内质网分子伴侣GRP78在大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤中的表达变化

目的观察在大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤(SCII)过程中内质网分子伴侣GRP78的表达变化,并探讨其意义。方法健康成年Wistar大鼠55只,随机分为两组:(1)脊髓压迫缺血再灌注组50只,每个时间点10只,采用自制压迫装置制备脊髓压迫缺血再灌注模型;(2)假手术对照组5只,只做全椎板切除不做脊髓压迫。用免疫组化、West-ernblot和TUNEL等方法,分别于缺血再灌注后30min、3、7、11和23h,检测压迫段脊髓组织中GRP78的表达变化及细胞凋亡情况。结果再灌注30min后,GRP78在压迫段脊髓开始表达上调,7h达峰值,11h表达回落,23h显著减少。TUNEL染色显示,神经细胞的凋亡指数随着再灌注时间的延长而升高。结论GRP78在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤中呈现时序性的表达变化,这可能是脊髓内源性保护机制之一。     

Surgical management of gallstones in cirrhotic patients

Among the cirrhotic patients admitted to our department, 64 (17 percent) were found to have cholelithiasis. In 14 patients (22 percent), cholelithiasis caused cholecystitis, obstructive jaundice, or biliary pain. These 14 patients were operated on and underwent cholecystectomy. There was one postoperative complication (gastrointestinal bleeding from esophageal varices) and one death (due to acute respiratory failure). In 50 patients (78 percent) cholelithiasis was asymptomatic. Ten of the 50 patients died from liver failure and the stones were discovered at necropsy. Seven of the patients had radiographically demonstrated stones that were not operated on. They are alive at the present time, more than 2 years later. In the remaining 33 patients, the stones were discovered during portasystemic shunt procedures. In these patients, cholelithiasis was systematically treated by cholecystectomy (8 patients) or cholecystolithotomy (25 patients). Postoperative mortality and morbidity rates were not different in these 33 patients when compared with the rates in 170 patients who underwent portal surgery alone during the same period. Our results confirm the high incidence of cholelithiasis in cirrhotic patients. Complications of gallstones are not frequent but require an emergency operation that carries a high risk in these patients. On the other hand, elective surgical treatment of asymptomatic cholelithiasis at the time of portal diversion does not bear any peculiar risk. In such a situation, cholecystolithotomy is easier and probably safer than cholecystectomy.     

体外循环术后早期升高的C反应蛋白与术后心房颤动有关

目的探讨术后C反应蛋白水平与术后房颤发生情况的关系。方法回顾性分析我院2018年9月~2021年5月期间进行体外循环手术的550例患者，根据排除标准进行研究对象的筛选，最终入选患者363例，采用非参数检验（两独立样本Wilcoxon秩和检验）对年龄、术后早期C反应蛋白与术后房颤发生情况进行单因素分析，采用χ²检验分析研究对象性别、疾病类型、合并症发生情况与术后房颤发生情况的关系；多因素分析采用二分类logistic回归。结果本次研究中共入组363例患者，其中瓣膜病247例，主动脉夹层42例，冠心病37例，先天性心脏病37例。术后房颤发生人数101人，发生率为27.82%；术后C反应蛋白中位数88.65 mg/L，年龄中位数为57岁，最小5岁，最大77岁；将研究对象根据术后心房颤动的发生分为房颤组和窦性组。使用单因素和多因素相关性研究显示，术后早期C反应蛋白是术后心房颤动发生的重要因素。结论术后早期升高的C反应蛋白与术后房颤的发生有关系。     

Novel Aspects of the SubA Subunit of the Subtilase Cytotoxin

The subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) belongs to the family of AB₅ toxins and is produced together with Shiga toxin (Stx) by certain Stx-producing E. coli strains (STEC). For most AB-type toxins, it is assumed that cytotoxic effects can only be induced by a complete holotoxin complex consisting of SubA and SubB. However, it has been shown for SubAB that the enzymatically active subunit SubA, without its transport and binding domain SubB, induces cell death in different eukaryotic cell lines. Interestingly, the molecular structure of SubA resembles that of the SubAB complex. SubA alone is capable of binding to cells and then being taken up autonomously. Once inside the host cell, SubA is transported, similar to the SubAB holotoxin, via a retrograde transport into the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER). In the ER, it exhibits its enzymatic activity by cleaving the chaperone BiP/GRP78 and thereby triggering cell death. Therefore, the existence of toxic single SubA subunits that have not found a B-pentamer for holotoxin assembly might improve the pathogenic potential of subtilase-producing strains. Moreover, from a pharmacological aspect, SubA might be an interesting molecule for the targeted transport of therapeutic molecules into the ER, in order to investigate and specifically modulate processes in the context of ER stress-associated diseases. Since recent studies on bacterial AB₅ toxins contributed mainly to the understanding of the biology of AB-type holotoxins, this mini-review specifically focus on that recently observed single A-effect of the subtilase cytotoxin and addresses whether a fundamental shift of the traditional AB₅ paradigm might be required.     

SDF-1α/CXCR4 信号通路在轴向应力刺激促进骨再生中的作用研究

目的通过轴向应力刺激促进骨再生，观察基质细胞衍生因子 1α/趋化因子 CXC 亚族受体 4（stromal cell-derived factor 1α/cysteine X cysteine receptor 4，SDF-1α/CXCR4）信号通路变化，探讨轴向应力刺激促进骨再生的机制。方法取 72 只雄性新西兰大白兔，于右后肢胫骨近端内侧制备直径 8 mm 圆形皮质骨缺损并脱蛋白松质骨支架修复模型，随机分为 3 组（n=24）。A 组腹腔注射 PBS，B 组术肢给予应力刺激治疗+腹腔注射 PBS，C 组术肢给予应力刺激治疗+腹腔注射 CXCR4 拮抗剂（AMD3100）。术后 2、4、8、12 周，摄 X 线片并采用 Lane-Sandhu X 线评分标准评价骨愈合情况，取标本行 HE 染色观察新生骨组织及支架降解，免疫组织化学染色观察 VEGF、CXCR4 表达水平；4、8 周取标本 Western blot 检测 SDF-1α 及 CXCR4 蛋白表达水平；12 周行 Micro-CT 检查，计算新生骨体积及新生骨密度。 结果X 线片检查示，除术后 2 周各组骨缺损区及支架无明显变化外，4、8 及 12 周时 B 组骨愈合评分均高于 A、C 组（P<0.05）。12 周时 Micro-CT 扫描可见 B 组骨缺损修复、髓腔再通，新生骨体积及骨密度均高于 A、C 组（P<0.05）。HE 染色显示，术后 4 周开始 B 组骨再生及支架降解均明显快于 A、C 组。免疫组织化学染色示，各组 VEGF 及 CXCR4 阳性表达均在 4 周达峰值；各时间点 B 组 VEGF 及 CXCR4 表达量均显著高于 A、C 组（P<0.05）。Western blot 检测显示，4、8 周时 B 组 SDF-1α 与 CXCR4 表达量均显著高于 A、C 组（P<0.05）。 结论轴向应力刺激促进骨再生可能与其促进骨缺损区组织高表达 SDF-1α，激活与其下游调控 BMSCs 募集的 CXCR4 信号有关。