胃泌素释放肽及其受体对认知及情绪影响的研究进展

胃泌素释放肽（Gastrin － releasing Peptide ， GRP）是由27个氨基酸构成的哺乳类神经肽，是1971年由 Anastasi 首次从欧洲蛙类皮肤中提取出来的一种与蛙皮素同源的小调节肽，GRP 与蛙皮素在结构上相似，拥有相同的7 C －末端氨基酸序列，并且在多种哺乳动物细胞和组织中发挥相似的生物学作用。 GRP 通过与 GRP 受体（GRPR）高亲和从而发挥生物学作用。与其他类型哺乳类蛙皮素样肽（Bombesin － Like Peptides ，BLP）受体一样，GRPR也属于 G 蛋白偶联受体家族，包含典型的7个跨膜结构域［1］。 GRPR 由384个氨基酸构成，在人类、小鼠和大鼠分别定位于染色体 Xp22．2－ p22．13（人类），X F4（小鼠），Xq21（大鼠）。在过去的研究中，越来越多的证据表明，GRP／GRPR 系统广泛影响生理功能，包括痒感觉、疼痛感、记忆的形成和表达、应激反应、焦虑、恐惧、细胞增殖和免疫系统中的趋化作用等［2］。     

Expression of autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR) in human breast and lung invasive micropapillary carcinomas

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR) expression in a variety of human invasive micropapillary carcinomas (IMPC). AMFR expression was compared in 111 samples of a variety of human IMPCs which had intrinsic non-micropapillary components and with 26 cases of control pulmonary adenocarcinoma (CPA, carcinoma without an IMPC component) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In the 137 cases analysed, AMFR expression was significantly elevated in the IMPC components compared to the non-IMPC components (p = .005) and normal tissues (p < .001). AMFR expression was also higher in the IMPC samples compared to their intrinsic non-IMPC components (p = .0234). Between the 69 cases of lung IMPC and 26 cases of CPA, AMFR expression was notably higher in the IMPC components than in the CPA components (p = .0455). However, there was no significant difference between the non-IMPC components in the lung and the CPA components (p = .4584). Moreover, in breast cancer, elevated AMFR expression was not significantly correlated with mixed type or pure type IMPC (p = .5969) or with age, gender, T stage, or lymph node metastasis (LNM). Between IMPC and CPA of the lung, there was no statistical significance in age, T stage, and LNM, where AMFR expression was higher in IMPC (p = .0071). Thus this study demonstrated that AMFR was overexpressed in a variety of human IMPC components compared with non-micropapillary components. This suggests that AMFR expression is a potential new prognostic indicator for different types of human IMPC, which might thus be a new therapeutic target.     

Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of GRPR protects against acute kidney injury via attenuating renal inflammation and necroptosis

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