葡萄糖调节蛋白和环氧合酶-2在肝癌组织中的表达及其相关性研究

目的 研究葡萄糖调节蛋白(GRP78)和环氧合酶-2(COX-2)在肝癌组织中表达及与临床病理资料的关系.方法 采用免疫组化法检测144例肝癌组织芯片中GRP78和COX-2的表达情况.结果 肝癌组织中GRP78、COX-2的阳性表达率分别为47.22%、56.94%;GRP78与乙肝病毒感染史、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但与性别、年龄、肝硬化病史、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、肿瘤大小、分期、分化程度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),COX-2的表达与肿瘤组织分化程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.025),与性别、年龄、肝硬化病史、乙肝病毒感染史、AFP、AST、ALT、ALP、肿瘤大小、分期差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);COX-2与GRP78蛋白的表达呈正相关(r=0.204,P<0.025).结论 COX-2的表达与肝癌组织分化程度显著相关,GRP78阳性表达的肝癌组织中COX-2的表达升高,两者在肝癌组织中的关系密切.     

淫羊藿甙对动脉粥样硬化家兔血管平滑肌细胞内质网应激的影响

目的：观察淫羊藿甙对动脉粥样硬化（AS）家兔血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）中葡萄糖调节蛋白78基因表达的影响,探讨淫羊藿甙防治AS的可能机制。方法：复制家兔AS模型,给予淫羊藿甙治疗,组织原位杂交观察该基因在兔斑块组织中的表达水平。结果：组织原位杂交显示该基因片段在AS斑块组织中表达水平增高。结论：葡萄糖调节蛋白78基因在AS细胞质中表达增高,可能是淫羊藿甙作用靶点之一,如上调该基因则可促进平滑肌细胞凋亡,将对AS治疗产生一定作用。     

淫羊藿苷对HCY诱导增殖血管平滑肌细胞GRP78表达的影响

目的:研究淫羊藿苷(ICA)对同型半胱氨酸(HCY)诱导的增殖血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)基因表达的影响,探讨ICA抗动脉粥样硬化的机制.方法:建立HCY诱导的兔VSMC增殖模型,与不同浓度的ICA共同培养48 h后,用流式细胞仪Annexin/PI双染法检测凋亡率;RT-PCR检测GRP78 mRNA的表达;目的基因克隆、鉴定并测序.结果:0.2,0.4 mg·L~(-1)的IcA可显著促进兔VSMC凋亡,且存在剂量依赖性,与半胱氨酸组相比,差异显著(P＜0.01);RT-PCR结果显示:0.2,0.4 mg·L~(-1)的淫羊藿苷作用于VSMC 48 h后,GRP78 mRNA表达水平显著升高,与半胱氨酸组相比差异显著(P＜0.05);测序结果表明,来源于VSMC的全长648 bp的基因片断与兔葡萄糖调节蛋白78基因高度同源.结论:ICA促进GRP78 mRNA表达,诱导兔VSMC凋亡,可能是其抗动脉粥样硬化的机制之一.     

高脂饮食喂养大鼠脂肪组织GRP78mRNA的表达及意义

目的 通过观察高脂喂养的胰岛素抵抗大鼠内脏脂肪组织中GRP78mRNA的表达,探讨其在胰岛素抵抗发病机制中的意义.方法 30只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常饮食组（NC组）和高脂饮食组（HF组）,每组15只.喂养10周后,应用高胰岛素-正常血糖钳夹实验技术评估胰岛素抵抗模型的建立.采用实时荧光定量PCR（Real time PCR）法检测脂肪组织GRP78mRNA的表达.同时检测血清胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、测定血糖（BG）、胰岛素（INS）,测定各组大鼠内脏脂肪的重量与体重的比值.结果 （1）喂养10周后HF组的葡萄搪输注率（GIR）明显低于NC组（P〈0.01）,HF组胰岛素明显高于NC组（P〈0.05）;（2）HF组大鼠内脏脂肪组织中GRP78mRNA的表达明显增高,与NC组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;（3）10周末,HF组大鼠甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、及内脏脂肪相对含量均明显升高（P〈0.01）.结论 高脂喂养10周大鼠胰岛素抵抗模型建立成功,高脂饮食可诱导内脏脂肪组织GRP78mRNA表达增强.     

内质网应激相关蛋白与CXCL12蛋白在特发性肺纤维化中的表达及意义

目的 探讨内质网应激相关蛋白及CXCL12在特发性肺纤维化中的表达及意义.方法 收集荆州市中心医院2004～2014年诊断为特发性肺纤维化且存有活检或手术标本的患者共18例,并收集正常肺组织20例作为对照,通过蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测内质网应激相关蛋白(GRP78、CHOP)及CXCL12蛋白(SDF-1)的表达,通过逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)检测肺组织中GRP78 mRNA及CXCL12 mRNA的表达.结果 与对照相比,肺纤维化患者肺泡上皮中GRP78、CHOP、CXCL12蛋白表达均上调,且GRP78 mRNA及CXCL12 mRNA也表达上调.结论 内质网应激相关蛋白及CXCL12在特发性肺纤维化的发病过程中起重要作用,可能参与了特发性肺纤维化的发生与发展.     

内质网应激反应参与强噪声诱导豚鼠耳蜗螺旋神经节细胞凋亡的研究

目的:探讨强噪声能否诱导豚鼠耳蜗螺旋神经节细胞(SGC)的凋亡,及观察凋亡蛋白酶Caspase-12、内质网应激相关因子Bip/Grp78和CHOP/Gadd153在强噪声暴露后豚鼠耳蜗SGC中的表达,探讨内质网应激在强噪声暴露后豚鼠耳蜗SGC损伤中的作用.方法:选用健康雄性白色豚鼠20只,将实验组豚鼠暴露在4 kHz窄带噪声120 dB SPL噪声环境中4h,噪声刺激停止后1,4,14d组及对照组在处死前测ABR(每组各5只).通过透射电镜和脱氧核糖核甘酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(TUNEL),检测SGC凋亡细胞,免疫组化检测Caspase12、Bip/Grp78,CHOP/Gadd153蛋白的表达.结果:透射电镜观察发现实验组SGC出现了凋亡细胞的特征性改变.实验组SGC的TUNEL染色明显增强,免疫组化检测实验组Bip/Grp78蛋白明显高于正常组,且在1,4,14d都维持在比较高的水平.Caspase-12、CHOP/Gadd153蛋白含量在噪声刺激后迅速增高,1d和4d达到高峰,14d减少.结论:强噪声可以诱导SGC凋亡,Caspase-12活化引起内质网应激反应性凋亡通道是此过程的信号途径之一.     

MZB1 is a GRP94 cochaperone that enables proper immunoglobulin heavy chain biosynthesis upon ER stress

MZB1 (pERp1) is a B-cell-specific and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized protein implicated in antibody secretion and integrin-mediated cell adhesion. Here, we examine the role of MZB1 in vivo by conditional gene inactivation in the mouse germline and at different stages of B lymphopoiesis. Deletion of MZB1 impairs humoral immune responses and antibody secretion in plasma cells that naturally undergo ER stress. In addition, we found that experimental induction of ER stress by tunicamycin injections in mice results in a block of pro-B-cell to pre-B-cell differentiation specifically in Mzb1^−/− mice. A similar developmental block was observed in Mzb1^fl/flmb1^Cre mice, whereby a Cre recombinase-induced genotoxic stress unmasks a role for MZB1 in the surface expression of immunoglobulin µ heavy chains (µHCs). MZB1 associates directly with the substrate-specific chaperone GRP94 (also called HSP90B1 or gp96) in an ATP-sensitive manner and is required for the interaction of GRP94 with µHCs upon ER stress. Thus, MZB1 seems to act as a substrate-specific cochaperone of GRP94 that enables proper biosynthesis of µHCs under conditions of ER stress.     

Intracellular antigens as targets for antibody based immunotherapy of malignant diseases

This review discusses the potential use of intracellular tumor antigens as targets of antibody‐based immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors. In addition, it describes the characteristics of the intracellular tumor antigens targeted with antibodies which have been described in the literature and have been identified in the authors'' laboratory. Finally, the mechanism underlying the trafficking of the intracellular tumor antigens to the plasma membrane of tumor cells are reviewed.     

Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of synoviocytes, leukocyte infiltration, and angiogenesis. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of biosynthesis for all secreted and membrane proteins. The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER leads to a condition known as ER stress. Failure of the ER''s adaptive capacity results in abnormal activation of the unfolded protein response. Recently, we have demonstrated that ER stress-associated gene signatures are highly expressed in RA synovium and synovial cells. Mice with Grp78 haploinsufficiency exhibit the suppression of experimentally induced arthritis, suggesting that the ER chaperone GRP78 is crucial for RA pathogenesis. Moreover, increasing evidence has suggested that GRP78 participates in antibody generation, T cell proliferation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and is therefore one of the potential therapeutic targets for RA. In this review, we discuss the putative, pathophysiological roles of ER stress and GRP78 in RA pathogenesis.