Heredity mode of genetic polymorphism in aldehyde oxidase activity in Donryu strain rats

Donryu strain rats show genetic polymorphisms in the aldehyde oxidase gene, resulting in the phenotypic expression of ultrarapid metabolizers with homozygous nucleotide sequences (337G, 2604C), extensive metabolizers with heterozygous nucleotide sequences (377G/A, 2604C/T), and poor metabolizers with homozygous nucleotide sequences (377A, 2604T). In the mating experiments the ratio of the number of ultrarapid metabolizers, extensive metabolizers, and poor metabolizers rats in the F1 generation from the heterozygous F0 extensive metabolizers male and female rats was roughly 0.6 : 1.5 : 1, and the ratio converged to approximately 1 : 2 : 1 in the F2 generation from the heterozygous F1 extensive metabolizers male and female rats. On the contrary, all the F2 generation from homozygous F1 ultrarapid metabolizers male and female rats or from homozygous F1 poor metabolizers male and female rats had the ultrarapid metabolizers or the poor metabolizers genotypes and phenotypes. The genotypes completely agreed with the phenotypes in all individuals of F0, F1, and F2 generations. The results indicate that the genetic polymorphism of aldehyde oxidase in Donryu strain rats obeys Mendelian heredity. The reason for a low ratio of the ultrarapid metabolizers rats in the commercially available Donryu strain rats?—?not more than several per cent?—?compared with the ratio expected from the Mendelian rule is unknown.     

Effect of licorice extract on the complications of diabetes nephropathy in rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective action of licorice in diabetic nephropathy in male rats. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by using streptozotocin (60?mg/kg body weight). Daily oral ingestion (1?g/kg body weight) of licorice extract for 60 days after the onset of diabetes reversed the adverse effect of diabetes on rats. Licorice extract alleviated blood glucose levels, restored renal function, and attenuated body-weight loss. In addition, licorice extract modulated the adverse effect of diabetes on renal malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity. Further, licorice extract restored the total antioxidant capacity of diabetic rat kidneys. The biochemical analyses were reinforced by histologic investigations, where focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, tubular damage, and hyperemic kidney were the histologic changes seen in diabetic, but not in treated, rats. In conclusion, the biochemical analysis and the histologic investigations of diabetic rat kidneys treated with licorice extract revealed that licorice may have a potential therapeutic effect for diabetes due to its antioxidant and -hyperglycemic properties.     

Substantial discrepancies in 17β‐oestradiol concentrations obtained with three different commercial direct radioimmunoassay kits in rat sera

The extensive use of oestrogen for contraception and amelioration of post‐menopausal symptoms has made it the subject of substantial recent research efforts, and ovariectomized (ovx) rats treated with exogenous ovarial hormones are important when investigating the effects and mechanisms of oestrogen actions. The crucial need to control and monitor plasma levels of 17β‐oestradiol calls for accurate, precise and robust assay methods. The performance of direct radioimmunoassays (RIAs) in measurement of 17β‐oestradiol has been reported previously for human samples, but to our knowledge not for rat samples. In the current study, 552 serum samples from ovx, native and hormone‐treated rats were used to compare the performance of three commercially manufactured direct RIAs from the companies DPC (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., formerly Diagnostic Products Corporation), DSL (Diagnostic Systems Labs) and MPB (MP Biomedicals, formerly ICN Biomedicals). Substantial differences in results between the three assay methods were found when measuring serum 17β‐oestradiol concentrations. The following formulas describing the relation between the different methods were obtained using weighted Deming's orthogonal regression (based on pg/mL): DSL = 0.43*DPC+12.3, MPB = 2.1*DPC+84.7 and DSL = 4.8*MPB+22.2. Furthermore, a preceding diethyl ether extraction step of the serum appears to impair the performance of the RIAs in the present samples (based on pg/mL): DPC_ex = 0.39*DPC_unex+0.76, DSL_ex = 0.32*DSL_unex?1.7 and MPB_ex = 0.22*MPB_unex+1.4.     

高原肺水肿大鼠模型的建立与研究

 目的 模拟高原环境,研究大鼠急性低氧复合运动高原肺水肿的发生及低氧习服后的改变.方法 健康SD-大鼠分为常氧对照组(n=10)、5 000 m急性低氧组(n=10)及3 000 m低氧习服组(n=10).对比研究大鼠的肺血流动力学、肺水肿程度及肺组织病理形态学改变.结果 与常氧对照组相比,急性低氧组大鼠动脉血氧分压及氧饱合度显著降低,肺体指数及肺含水率升高,病理学显示肺间质充血,肺泡隔增宽等间质性肺水肿表现.低氧习服组明显改善.结论 成功建立高原间质性肺水肿模型及低氧习服模型,有利于进一步研究高原肺水肿低氧习服机制.     

大鼠中度脊髓损伤后两种后肢行为学评估标准的比较研究

目的对大鼠中度脊髓损伤后两种后肢行为学评估标准进行评价。方法24只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组和损伤组。损伤组采用Alleng打击法制作脊髓损伤模型，假手术组仅行椎板切除术。术后1、3、7、14、21天分别采用Tarlov评分和BBB（basso，beattie and bresnahan）评分对两组大鼠后肢运动功能恢复情况进行评估。结果两组大鼠BBB评分值在伤后各时间点差异均非常显著（P〈0．01），Tarlov评分值在伤后各时间点有显著性差异（P〈0．05），但只在1、3、7天时差异才非常显著（P〈0．01）；评分值按百分制换算后，假手术组大鼠两组评分值之间的一致性较好，仅在伤后7天时有显著性差异（P〈0．05），损伤组大鼠两组评分值之间的差异较大，伤后1、3、7天时差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。结论BBB评分的敏感性和区分度优于Tarlov评分，能更准确、客观地反映大鼠中度脊髓损伤后运动功能恢复情况。     

自发性糖尿病大鼠肾脏微血管密度的实验研究

目的 观察自发性糖尿病大鼠(Goto-Kakisaki Rats, GK)肾脏微血管在糖尿病的不同发展时期的变化规律,为糖尿病肾病的血流灌注研究提供实验基础。方法 选取雄性GK大鼠和Wistar大鼠各30只,每种按周龄分组(4、12、20周各10只)。肾脏标本常规石蜡包埋切片后,用免疫组化法染色。每只肾脏标本取切片5张,每张切片皮质区、髓质区各随机观察18个视野。采用图像分析系统定量分析微血管密度。每张切片随机选取5个肾小球,采用不规则方式分割,分析其周长、面积、毛细血管密度。结果(1) GK各周龄组髓质微血管密度均小于对照组(P<0.05～P<0.01),GK组间有差异(P<0.01)。(2) GK 20周龄组肾小球微血管密度明显小于同周龄Wistar组(P<0.01)。GK组间、对照组间均存在差异(P<0.01～P<0.05)。(3) GK4周龄组肾小球平均周长明显大于同周龄Wistar(P=0.01)。不同周龄Wistar组间亦有差异(P<0.01～P<0.05)。结论 GK大鼠存在肾微血管稀少的现象,有可能是糖尿病的继发性改变之一;低周龄GK大鼠肾髓质微血管稀少可能与遗传有关。     

低频电针足三里对2型糖尿病大鼠糖代谢的影响

目的研究低频电针单侧足三里对2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠模型糖代谢的影响,探讨低频电针足三里对T2DM大鼠的疗效机制。方法将30只8周龄雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为空白组10只和造模组20只。造模组造模后将造模成功的16只大鼠随机分为模型组8只和针刺组8只。针刺组予电针单侧足三里治疗,模型组只束缚不干预。比较3组大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FI)及定量胰岛素敏感检测指数(QUICKI),观察胰岛β细胞的形态。结果 FBG治疗前与空白组比较,针刺组和模型组均有显著升高(P<0.05),针刺组与模型组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后与空白组比较,针刺组和模型组均有显著升高(P<0.05),针刺组与模型组比较显著降低(P<0.05)。FI治疗前各组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后各组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。QUICKI治疗前与空白组比较,针刺组和模型组均降低(P<0.05),针刺组与模型组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后针刺组与空白组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),模型组较空白组降低(P<0.05),针刺组较模型组升高(P<0.05)。在光镜下,针刺组胰腺组织分布均匀度与空白组接近,胰岛结构比较完整,细胞密度略低于空白组,胰岛β细胞胞浆见少量肿胀,纤维组织稍有增生。结论电针足三里能有效控制高糖高脂饮食联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的T2DM大鼠模型的病情发展,改善胰岛素敏感度及胰岛β细胞的形态。     

垂体中叶素对脓毒症大鼠心脏功能的影响

目的 探讨垂体中叶素(intermedin,IMD)对脓毒症大鼠心脏功能的影响.方法 采用盲肠结扎穿孔术(cecal ligation and puncture,CLP)复制大鼠脓毒症模型,分为5组,分别为假手术组、CLP组、CLP+常规治疗组(CLP+ CT)、CLP+ CT+ E-IMD早期治疗组、CLP+ CT+ L-IMD晚期治疗组,观察早期(CLP结束时)或晚期(CLP 12 h)给予IMD后大鼠心脏功能、心输出量、心脏指数、每搏指数、氧供、氧耗、血气及动物存活时间、存活率的变化.结果 与假手术组比较,脓毒症后大鼠的心脏功能明显降低;采用常规治疗(包括输液、抗感染以及使用血管活性药物),尽管可以提高动脉血压和中心静脉压,但大鼠的心脏功能无明显改善;早期和晚期给予IMD可明显改善心脏功能;氧供和氧耗明显升高,其中早期给予IMD效果更好,与脓毒症大鼠相比,早期给予IMD后,氧供和氧耗分别升高了148.9％和172.2％;72 h内死亡大鼠的平均存活时间达到23.15 h,72 h存活率为31.2％ (5/16).结论 IMD对脓毒症大鼠的心脏功能有较好的治疗作用.     

维格列汀对大鼠脊髓损伤后神经细胞凋亡及运动功能恢复的影响

目的：探究维格列汀（Vilda）对大鼠脊髓损伤（SCI）后神经细胞凋亡及运动功能恢复的影响。方法：雌性SD大鼠随机分成3组（n=16）：Sham组、SCI组、SCI+Vilda组;采用血管夹压迫法建立大鼠SCI模型,成模后SCI+Vilda组按10 mg·kg-1·d-1的剂量灌胃给药,SCI组大鼠给予等量0.9%氯化钠溶液;在术后第1、第3、第7、第14、第21、第28天进行后肢运动功能恢复情况评估（BBB评分）;术后第3天提取脊髓组织进行组织免疫荧光染色检测Cleaved Caspase 3,提取组织蛋白进行Western blot检测Bcl-2、Bax、Cleaved Caspase 3蛋白的表达情况;术后第7天提取脊髓组织进行尼氏染色检测存活神经元;术后第28天,对各组大鼠进行足印迹步态分析。结果：与Sham组比较,SCI组BBB评分显著降低,步态不一致,脊髓前角运动神经元数量减少,免疫荧光显示Cleaved Caspase 3表达增强,Western blot显示Bax、Cleaved Caspase 3表达上升,Bcl-2表达下降（P＜0.05）;与SCI组比较,SCI+Vilda组BBB评分明显提升,步态一致性更好,脊髓前角运动神经元数量增加,Cleaved Caspase 3荧光表达减弱,Bax、Cleaved Caspase 3表达下降,Bcl-2表达上升（P＜0.05）。结论：Vilda可抑制SCI大鼠脊髓神经细胞的凋亡,从而促进大鼠SCI后运动功能的恢复。     

骨碎补总黄酮对Masquelet技术诱导膜内血管形成的影响

【目的】探讨骨碎补总黄酮对Masquelet技术诱导膜内血管形成的影响。【方法】将72只SD大鼠随机分成4组,分别为模型组,药物高、中、低剂量组,每组18只。复制SD大鼠股骨中段临界骨缺损模型,并在骨缺损区行聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥旷置诱导生物膜形成。从术后第1天开始,各药物组大鼠分别给予骨碎补总黄酮高、中、低剂量(0.44、0.22、0.11 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))灌胃治疗,模型组予等量生理盐水灌胃。给药6周后取材,采用苏木素—伊红(HE)染色法观察诱导膜组织病理变化,分别采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法和实时荧光定量逆转录—聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)法检测诱导膜中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的蛋白及其mRNA表达。【结果】骨碎补总黄酮高剂量组诱导膜组织形成的新生血管多于其余各组。药物高、中、低剂量组诱导膜组织中TGF-β1、VEGF的蛋白及其mRNA表达水平均明显高于模型组(P0.05),除VEGF mRNA指标外,其余指标的表达均具有剂量依赖性。【结论】骨碎补总黄酮在诱导膜形成期可促进TGF-β1及VEGF的表达,加速血管化进程,促进后期骨缺损重建。