低强度脉冲超声对环磷酰胺致POF大鼠卵巢GDF9、BMP15表达的影响

目的：明确卵母细胞自分泌因子生长分化因子9( GDF9) 、骨形态发生蛋白15( BMP15) 的表达不足在环磷酰胺致卵巢早衰(POF)发病中的重要作用,进一步阐明低强度脉冲超声通过调节卵母细胞自分泌因子的表达对卵巢起到保护作用。方法：63只雌性SD大鼠取13只为正常组,其余50只连续5天腹腔注射环磷酰胺30mg/kg,建立卵巢早衰动物模型。将造模成功的43只大鼠分为实验对照组(n=21)、治疗组(n=22)。治疗组给予低强度脉冲超声辐照,空白组、实验对照组采用与治疗组相同的方法治疗,但仪器无功率输出。Western blotting检测GDF9、BMP15蛋白的表达。结果：超声辐照后,与空白组相比,实验对照组GDF9、BMP15蛋白表达均显著下降(P=0.00);与实验对照组相比,治疗组GDF9、BMP15蛋白表达均显著增强(GDF9,P=0.01;BMP15,P=0.00)。结论：低强度脉冲超声能促进卵巢GDF9和BMP15蛋白的表达,从而修复卵巢功能,促进卵泡的发育。     

适宜的中国卫生筹资总量分析

为明确适宜的中国卫生筹资总量,利用中国卫生统计年鉴及世界卫生组织、世界银行成员国相关资料信息,应用单因素回归分析及平行数据(Panel Data)建模分析法从多角度进行论证得到了同一个结论:2020年中国适宜的卫生筹资总量占GDP的比例为5.5%,但在考虑现阶段经济发展水平,以及当前中国卫生筹资总量并不算高的现状,需首先力争用2～3年的时间,使得卫生筹资总量占GDP比重达到5.0%,进而随着经济发展和基本医疗卫生制度的逐步完善,最终达到5.5%的目标。同时,为保证卫生筹资增长水平能够纳入社会经济发展承受范围,又能确保医疗卫生享受社会经济发展的平均利润,卫生筹资总量在达到适宜水平后,应与GDP同步增长。     

亚砷酸联合GDP方案治疗难治性或复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的疗效观察

目的：观察亚砷酸（三氧化二砷,As2O3）联合GDP方案（吉西他滨,顺铂,地塞米松）治疗难治性或复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non-hodgkin＇s lymphoma,NHL）的有效率。方法：23例难治性或复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）,给予吉西他滨1000mg/m2,第1和第8天,顺铂25mg/m2第1-3天,地塞米松20mg/m2,第1-5天,As2O310mg/d,第1-14天。21天为1个周期。结果：完全缓解9例,部分缓解6例,总有效率65.22%。肿瘤中位进展时间6个月,1年生存率39.13%。不良反应主要为血液学毒性。结论：亚砷酸联合GDP方案是治疗难治性或复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤较为安全有效的化疗方案。     

Mimicking nature's noses: from receptor deorphaning to olfactory biosensing

The way in which organisms detect specific volatile compounds within their environment, and the associated neural processing which produces perception and subsequent behavioural responses, have been of interest to scientists for decades. Initially, most olfaction research was conducted using electrophysiological techniques on whole animals. However, the discovery of genes encoding the family of human olfactory receptors (ORs) paved the way for the development of a range of cellular assays, primarily used to deorphan ORs from mammals and insects. These assays have greatly advanced our knowledge of the molecular basis of olfaction, however, while there is currently good agreement on vertebrate and nematode olfactory signalling cascades, debate still surrounds the signalling mechanisms in insects. The inherent specificity and sensitivity of ORs makes them prime candidates as biological detectors of volatile ligands within biosensor devices, which have many potential applications. In the previous decade, researchers have investigated various technologies for transducing OR:ligand interactions into a readable format and thereby produce an olfactory biosensor (or bioelectronic nose) that maintains the discriminating power of the ORs in vivo. Here we review and compare the molecular mechanisms of olfaction in vertebrates and invertebrates, and also summarise the assay technologies utilising sub-tissue level sensing elements (cells and cell extracts), which have been applied to OR deorphanization and biosensor research. Although there are currently no commercial, "field-ready" olfactory biosensors of the kind discussed here, there have been several technological proof-of-concept studies suggesting that we will see their emergence within the next decade.     

1985年来北京市中小学生健康水平变化趋势

目的分析北京市中小学生1985至2005年生长发育水平、体质状况和肥胖检出率的变化趋势,并分析肥胖相关慢性病的罹患现状。方法分析数据来源于2010年北京统计年鉴、1985至2005年中国学生体质与健康调研报告、北京市儿童青少年代谢综合征研究和北京学龄儿童高血压现患调查。以身高、体重和胸围反映体格生长发育水平;肺活量、50m跑用时、肺活量指数作为体质状况评价的指标。分析北京市学龄儿童1985至2005年生长发育水平、体质状况和肥胖率的变化趋势。结果①男女性体重增速远高于身高的增速,胸围增速略高于体重,BMI呈现持续增长趋势。不论男女性,身高、体重和胸围的每5年平均增速乡村均高于城区、男性高于女性,BMI增幅的城乡差别不明显。②2005至2009年人均GDP年平均增速为14.0%,1985年北京市中小学生男女性肥胖率分别为0.7%和0.6%,2010年分别为17.1%和11.9%,肥胖率年平均增速分别为13.2%和12.2%。③2005年男性在13岁前、女性在12岁前肺活量与2000年较接近,之后呈下降趋势,特别是女性12岁以后肺活量下降趋势更为明显。不论男女性,2005年肺活量指数均较2000年明显下降。1985至1995年男女性50m跑用时总体上呈缩短趋势,1995至2005年呈延长趋势。结论 1985至2005年北京市人均GDP快速增长的同时,中小学生的生长发育水平呈快速上升趋势,但体质状况呈下降趋势,肥胖及相关慢性病患病率快速增高。     

Cancer survival rates and GDP expenditure on health: a comparison of England and Wales and the USA, Denmark, Netherlands, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Switzerland in the 1990s

Health funding is central to public health planning and clinical practice, hence this comparison of GDP health expenditure and five year post-diagnostic cancer survival rates of England and Wales with the USA and eight European countries. The three lowest proportional GDP health expenditures over the period 1980-1990 were Denmark, England and Wales, and Spain. The USA had the highest proportional GDP expenditure, followed by France, Germany, and The Netherlands. Overall the USA had the best cancer survival rates in the 14 sites reviewed, followed by Switzerland, The Netherlands, and Germany. The least successful were Spain, England and Wales, and Italy. In respect to the high incidence cancers, colorectal, lung, and female breast cancers, England and Wales survival rates were the poorest of all ten countries, followed by Denmark and Spain. Higher GDP health expenditure and longer survival rates for each gender were significantly correlated indicating a possible association between fiscal input and clinical outcomes, which poses problems for the development of effective public health.     

卫生总费用、物质资本投入与经济增长关系实证分析

目的：分析我国国内生产总值、卫生总费用、物质资本投入3个变量间关系,为我国卫生经济政策制定及分配制度改革提供依据。方法：采用1978-2011年统计年鉴数据,建立VAR模型研究变量间动态关系。结果：通过单位根检验得出模型较稳定,3个变量间有Granger关系,通过脉冲响应函数得出： GDP增加会引起卫生费用和物质资本投入增加,物质资本与卫生费用变化具有反向关系等。结论：卫生总费用与物质资本相比具有更强经济增长效应,政府应合理分配卫生费用,从提高劳动者素质角度提高物质资本的社会效益从而促进经济增长。     

青岛市1997～2009年卫生事业投入研究

目的了解青岛市政府对卫生事业投入情况,为医疗体制改革提供依据。方法运用统计公报及卫生统计年鉴等公开的数据资料,进行统计和对比分析。结果 1997～2009年青岛市的卫生事业投入随着经济发展有增加趋势,但是重视程度并未显著提升。结论卫生事业投入与政府的卫生政策紧密相连,青岛市政府应该重视卫生事业投入,医疗卫生机构应该提高资金的利用率。