ARHGDIB and AT1R autoantibodies are differentially related to the development and presence of chronic antibody-mediated rejection and fibrosis in kidney allografts

The role of non-HLA autoantibodies in chronic-active antibody-mediated rejection (c-aABMR) of kidney transplants is largely unknown. In this study, the presence and clinical relevance of non-HLA autoantibodies using a recently developed multiplex Luminex-based assay were investigated. Patients with a kidney allograft biopsy at least 6 months after transplantation with a diagnosis of c-aABMR (n = 36) or no rejection (n = 21) were included. Pre-transplantation sera and sera at time of biopsy were tested for the presence of 14 relevant autoantibodies.A significantly higher signal for autoantibodies against Rho GDP‐dissociation inhibitor 2 (ARHGDIB) was detected in recipients with c-aABMR as compared to recipients with no rejection. However, ARHGDIB autoantibodies did not associate with graft survival. Levels of autoantibodies against angiotensin II type 1-receptor (AT1R) and peroxisomal trans‐2‐enoyl‐CoA reductase (PECR) were increased in recipients with interstitial fibrosis in their kidney biopsy. Only the signal for AT1R autoantibody showed a linear relationship with the degree of interstitial fibrosis and was associated with graft survival.In conclusion, anti-ARHGDIB autoantibodies are increased when c-aABMR is diagnosed but are not associated with graft survival, while higher levels of AT1R autoantibody are specifically associated with the presence of interstitial fibrosis and graft survival.     

经济因素在碘盐监测中的作用

目的通过对碘盐监测中出现问题原因的探讨,寻找影响碘盐监测效果经济方面的因素,为进一步完善全国碘盐测系统提供科学依据。方法利用山西省2004年碘盐监测数据和经济指标标进行统计分析。结果山西2004年各市人均GDP与碘盐数据上报率呈正相关;人均GDP大于10 000元组的上报数据县比例高于人均GDP小于10 000元组;结论经济因素在碘盐监测中所起作用不容忽视,在今后的监测中对经济发展落后地区应高度关注,加强督促管理,并在资金上给予支持,以保证监测的有效进行。     

The challenge of CDG diagnosis

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a rapidly growing family of genetic diseases that currently includes some 130 different types. CDG diagnosis is a challenge, not only because of this large number but also because of the huge clinical heterogeneity even within a number of CDG. In addition, the classical screening test, serum transferrin isoelectrofocusing, is only positive in about 60% of CDG, and can even become negative in some CDG particularly in PMM2-CDG, the most frequent N-glycosylation defect. In order to facilitate CDG diagnosis, we hereby provide some practical tools: (1) a list of clinical features strongly suggestive of a distinctive CDG; (2) a table of clinical, biochemical and laboratory findings reported in CDG, arranged per organ/system; (3) an overview of the affected organs/systems in each CDG; and (4) a diagnostic decision tree in face of a patient with a suspicion of CDG. Most important is to keep in mind a CDG in any unexplained syndrome, in particular when there is neurological involvement.This mini-review enumerates clinical and biochemical hallmarks of these diseases and the biochemical and genetic testing available, and provides an updated list and information on identified CDG. The main aim is to act as a CDG diagnosis simplified guide for healthcare professionals and, additionally, as an awareness and lobbying tool to help in the effectiveness and promptness of CDG diagnosis.     

齿轮撑开式脊柱复位固定板装置的研制

背景: 目前临床应用的脊柱后路复位固定的钉棒系统存在一定程度的生物力学的缺陷,钉板系统更适合在患者中广泛使用。 目的：依据中国人脊柱的椎弓根间距、弧度、椎体及椎间隙高度的影像学测量结果,研制一种新型的脊柱后路复位内固定板装置。 方法：测量129例门诊查体的正常者的胸腰椎数据。依据影像学测量的结果,并在复习文献的基础上,对新型脊柱复位内固定器进行图纸设计及形状设计。取18具新鲜小牛腰椎标本随机分为实验组给予行齿轮撑开式脊柱复位内固定板装置固定,CD及Steffee组分别用CD及Steffee钢板固定,测量标本在受到轴向压缩、前屈、后伸及侧屈载荷状态下的位移、应变、刚度和破坏性能等测试,结果进行统计学处理。 结果与结论：齿轮撑开式脊柱复位内固定装置(GDP)能较好地满足人体强、刚度的要求。GDP组测得椎体固定的强度和刚度均比对照组CD和Steffee钢板系统优越(P < 0.05),腰椎的扭转力学性能比CD,Steffee钢板内固定分别高出13%和14%,腰椎的极限力学性能测试结果显示GDP能承载载荷,比CD,Steffee钢板更大(P < 0.05)。说明齿轮撑开式脊柱复位固定板装置的设计符合中国人脊柱的解剖规格,生物力学稳定性良好,可以显著促进椎骨骨折的愈合,防止脊椎后凸的复发和高度的丧失。